Multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials for sustainable agri-food and ecosystems

Front Matter......Page 2
Copyright......Page 4
Contributors......Page 5
Preface......Page 12
 Introduction......Page 14
 What are hybrid nanomaterials?......Page 15
  Plant growth promotion......Page 16
  Plant protection......Page 19
  Hybrid nanomaterials for water purification......Page 20
  Gene delivery......Page 21
  Chitosan-based nanosystems......Page 22
  Multifunctional nanocellulose......Page 23
 Environmental risks......Page 24
 Future perspectives......Page 25
 References......Page 28
 Introduction......Page 33
 Core-shell NP synthesis......Page 35
 Applications of core-shell NPs......Page 37
 References......Page 40
 Introduction......Page 45
 Synthesis approaches toward polymer nanocomposites......Page 46
 Selected examples on the development of polymer-based inorganic nanocomposites......Page 47
 Characterization of hybrid inorganic-polymer nanocomposites......Page 48
 Hybrid inorganic-polymer nanocomposites and plant-protection field......Page 49
  Hybrid inorganic-polymer nanocomposites against plant pathogenic fungi......Page 50
  Hybrid inorganic-polymer nanocomposites against plant pathogenic bacteria......Page 53
 References......Page 55
 Introduction......Page 62
 Preparation methods of nanocomposites and their constituents from agricultural wastes......Page 68
  Straws......Page 70
  Peels and shells......Page 75
  Rice husk......Page 82
  Fibers......Page 86
 Conclusions......Page 91
 References......Page 92
 Introduction......Page 110
 Nanotechnology-enabled products for precision agriculture......Page 112
  Controlled-release technology for fertilizers......Page 113
  Controlled release of technology for pesticides......Page 116
  How to prepare nano-based CR formulations?......Page 117
   Polymer-coated fertilizer and pesticide formulations......Page 119
   Organic substrates......Page 120
   Inorganic substrates......Page 122
 Nanoformulations and crop plant responses-Can we target the improvement of the use efficiencies of agri-inputs?......Page 123
  Nanoscale fertilizers for multinutrient delivery and enhanced use efficiency......Page 124
  Nanopesticides: Novel nanocarrier-based formulations for sustainable pest control......Page 127
  Technical issues related to industrial production of nanoformulations of agrichemicals......Page 133
  Commercial constraints-Economic profitability and market viability......Page 134
  Nanotoxicity and the environmental safety perspectives of nano-based agrochemical use......Page 135
 Future roadmap......Page 136
 Conclusion......Page 137
 References......Page 138
 Introduction......Page 146
 Nanoparticle synthesis......Page 147
 Phytonanotechnology and engineered nanoparticles......Page 148
 Gene delivery......Page 149
  Quantum dots......Page 150
  Silica nanoparticles......Page 151
  CNMs for gene delivery and genome editing......Page 152
  Gold nanoparticles......Page 154
  Magnetic nanoparticles......Page 155
 Future perspectives......Page 156
 Conclusion......Page 158
 References......Page 159
 Further reading......Page 164
 Introduction......Page 165
   Binary component-based semiconductor photocatalysts......Page 166
   Chalcogenide-based hybrid nanomaterials......Page 167
   Hybrid colloidal nanostructures......Page 169
   Tungstate-based ternary hybrids......Page 170
   Vanadate-based ternary hybrids......Page 171
   Hydrothermal method......Page 172
   Sol-gel method......Page 173
   Microwave method......Page 174
  Organic-inorganic HNMs......Page 175
   Graphene-supported HNMs......Page 176
   Activated carbon supported HNMs......Page 180
   Fly ash supported HNMs......Page 181
  Physicochemical interactions between support and adsorbent......Page 182
   Effect of support/adsorbent used......Page 183
   Effect of doping......Page 184
   Effect of synthesis method......Page 185
 Polymers......Page 186
  Polymeric nanoadsorbent......Page 187
  Polymeric nanomembrane......Page 188
  Synthesis of polymeric nanocomposites......Page 189
  Synthesis of nanomembranes......Page 190
 Conclusion......Page 191
 References......Page 192
 Introduction......Page 199
 Synthesis of Cu-polymer nanocomposites......Page 201
  In situ process......Page 202
  Cu-polymer nanocomposite for environmental remediation......Page 203
  Pesticides......Page 204
  Dyes......Page 205
   Antibacterial activity......Page 207
   Antifungal activity......Page 209
 Cu-polymer nanocomposite for agricultural applications......Page 210
  Micronutrients delivery......Page 211
 Toxicological aspects of multifunctional Cu/polymer nanocomposites......Page 213
 References......Page 215
 Further reading......Page 221
 Introduction......Page 222
 Fundamental principle of hybridization of nanosystems......Page 223
 Type of hybridization of nanosystems......Page 226
 Design, fabrication, and characterization of hybrid nanomaterials......Page 227
 Chemical sensor aspects of hybrid nanomaterials......Page 231
 Basic principle of chemical sensors......Page 232
 Polymer- and small organic molecule-based nanocomposites......Page 233
 Carbon nanomaterial-based nanocomposites......Page 236
 Noncarbonaceous hybrid nanosystems......Page 237
 Chemical sensors based on hybrid nanomaterials for agri-food and ecosystem applications......Page 239
 Conclusion and future prospects......Page 240
 References......Page 241
 Introduction......Page 249
 Synthesis and characterization of NCs......Page 250
 Degradation and removal of pesticides by NCs......Page 251
 Detection of pesticides using NCs......Page 256
  Electrochemical detection of pesticides using NCs......Page 257
 References......Page 258
 Introduction......Page 263
 Nanocomposites......Page 265
  Nanocomposites for herbicide sensing......Page 266
  Electrochemical sensor......Page 267
  Amperometric biosensor......Page 268
 Controlled release of herbicides......Page 269
  Natural polymers......Page 270
  Environmental stimuli responsive controlled-release......Page 271
 References......Page 272
 Introduction......Page 278
  Types of hybrid nanomaterials......Page 281
 Hybrid nanomaterials for mycotoxin detection......Page 283
 Hybrid nanomaterials for mycotoxin detoxification......Page 286
 Hybrid nanomaterials for mycotoxin management......Page 288
 References......Page 289
 Introduction......Page 293
  Nanocomposites......Page 295
  Inorganic nanoparticles......Page 298
  Nanoedible coatings......Page 301
  Nanocomposites for edible coating......Page 302
  Antimicrobial agents......Page 305
  Antifungal agents......Page 306
  Food preservation......Page 308
  Fruit quality......Page 309
 Conclusion and future prospective......Page 310
 References......Page 311
 Further reading......Page 321
 Introduction......Page 324
 Action mechanism of hybrid NMs in plant growth and protection......Page 325
  Role of polymer nanocomposites for plant growth promotion......Page 326
   Role of metal oxide NMs in plant growth......Page 327
    Role of silicon dioxide (SiO2) NMs......Page 330
   Role of metal oxide NMs in plant protection......Page 331
 Future research demands......Page 332
 References......Page 333
 Introduction......Page 339
  Metal NPs......Page 340
  Carbon nanomaterials......Page 341
   Carbon nanofibers......Page 342
   Graphene......Page 343
  Polymers......Page 344
  Naked-eye detection......Page 345
  Electrochemical sensor......Page 347
 Sensing heavy metal ions......Page 350
 Conclusion and prospects......Page 351
 References......Page 352
 Introduction......Page 358
 Chitosan production......Page 359
   Deproteinization......Page 360
   Decolorization......Page 361
   Biological deproteinization process......Page 362
   Biological demineralization process......Page 363
  Anticancer activity......Page 364
 Nanochitosan......Page 365
  Chitosan nanosystems for agricultural applications......Page 366
    Chitosan nanosystem......Page 367
    Chitosan nanopackage with plant essential oils......Page 368
   Pest management......Page 369
 CSNPs as a plant growth promoters......Page 370
 Chitosan nanosystem as a nanocarriers......Page 371
  Chitosan nanosystem combined with metals......Page 372
 Nanochitosans and food industries......Page 373
  Nanochitosan platforms as antioxidants......Page 374
  Nanochitosan as a preservative edible coatings......Page 375
  Nanochitosan barriers and shelf life extension......Page 379
  Nanochitosan carriers and nutraceutical enrichment......Page 380
   Chitosan-derived products and preservation......Page 381
  Nanochitosans and food color......Page 382
  Nanochitosan and organoleptic characteristics......Page 383
 References......Page 384
 Further reading......Page 394
 Introduction......Page 395
 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan films......Page 398
 Properties of chitosan films......Page 405
 Chitosan modification......Page 409
  Chemical methods......Page 410
  Physical methods......Page 411
 Chitosan functionalization by natural compound incorporation......Page 412
 Chitosan blends......Page 413
  Addition of nanoreinforcements to chitosan films......Page 414
  Chitosan nanoparticles in films......Page 416
  Use of chitosan nanocomposites to increase shelf life......Page 417
 Acknowledgments......Page 422
 References......Page 423
 Further reading......Page 436
 Introduction......Page 438
 Silica-based nanocomposites......Page 439
 Observing the molecular structure of the nanosystem......Page 440
  Silica-based nanosensors......Page 441
  Role of silica nanosystem in nanozeolite to enhance moisture retention......Page 443
  Controlled release of agrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides) by silica-based nanosystems......Page 444
  Improving the microbial population level in the rhizosphere by silica-based nanosystems......Page 445
  Role of silica-based nanosystem in crops under abiotic stresses......Page 446
  Silica-based nanoparticles in the detection of plant pathogens......Page 447
  Role of silica-based nanosystem in pesticide purification and sensing......Page 448
  Silica-based nanosystem in food packaging......Page 450
 Conclusion......Page 451
 References......Page 452
 Further reading......Page 459
 Introduction......Page 461
 Sources of cellulose......Page 464
 Extraction of cellulose-based nanocrystals......Page 465
 Applications of cellulose-based smart nanocrystals......Page 466
  Tissue engineering......Page 467
  Drug delivery......Page 469
  Water purification......Page 471
  CNCs as coating......Page 472
  Antimicrobial carriers......Page 474
 Conclusions......Page 477
 References......Page 478
 Introduction......Page 484
 Preparation of nanocellulose......Page 485
  Acetylation......Page 488
 Nanocellulose-based polymer nanohybrids/nanocomposites......Page 489
  Biomedical applications......Page 490
  Environmental and agricultural applications......Page 493
   Potential antimicrobial agent......Page 494
   Food packaging......Page 495
 Conclusion......Page 496
 References......Page 498
 Further reading......Page 503
 Introduction......Page 504
 CNT synthesis......Page 506
   Arc discharge......Page 507
   Laser ablation......Page 508
   Chemical vapor deposition......Page 509
  Mixed processes......Page 510
 Structure and properties of CNTs......Page 512
  Nanohybrid materials......Page 513
   Solution blending......Page 515
   Melt blending......Page 516
   Composite films......Page 517
   Removal of soil and water contaminants......Page 518
   Growth promoting......Page 519
   Antimicrobial property......Page 520
   Nanofertilizers......Page 521
   Mycotoxin extraction and detection......Page 522
  Biological applications......Page 523
 References......Page 527
 Further reading......Page 534
 Introduction......Page 535
 Hydrogel-based skin dressings......Page 536
  Hyaluronic acid (HA)......Page 538
  Gelatin......Page 540
 3D bioprinted hydrogels in wound healing applications......Page 541
  Enhanced metabolite production......Page 544
  Aseptic culture and maintenance of plantlets......Page 545
 References......Page 548
 Further reading......Page 552
 Introduction......Page 553
 Occurrence of anthropogenic contaminants and their adverse effects on ecosystems......Page 554
 Detection mechanism of electrochemical nanocomposites......Page 557
  Structure and detection mechanism......Page 560
  SPEs for environmental contaminant detection......Page 561
  Nanowire-based electrochemical nanocomposite for environmental detection of organic and mineral contaminants......Page 565
 Imprinted polymer nanoparticle-based electrochemical detection......Page 566
 Paper-based nanocomposite for electrochemical detection......Page 569
 Conclusion and future perspectives......Page 570
 References......Page 571
 Further reading......Page 579
 Introduction......Page 580
 Nanomaterials and nanocomposite applications in veterinary medicine......Page 581
   Antimicrobial agents......Page 582
   Mycotoxin degradation......Page 587
   Diagnosis and therapy of animal diseases......Page 588
   Cancer detection, therapy, and imaging......Page 589
   Animal production, reproduction, nutrition, and breeding......Page 590
   Food and feed safety......Page 591
   Antimicrobial agents......Page 592
   Mycotoxin degradation......Page 595
   Diagnosis and therapy of animal diseases......Page 596
   Cancer detection, therapy, and imaging......Page 598
   Bioimaging (X-ray, fluorescent, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI))......Page 601
   Drugs and vaccine delivery......Page 604
   Animal production, reproduction, nutrition, and breeding......Page 605
 Mechanism of action of nanoparticles and nanocomposites......Page 606
 Toxicity risk of nanoparticles......Page 608
 Acknowledgments......Page 610
 References......Page 611
 Further reading......Page 635
 Introduction......Page 636
  Bimetallization of NPs provides some advantages over MNPs......Page 637
  Structure and ordering of mixing of two metals (Srinoi et al., 2018)......Page 638
  Types of metals involved in BNPs (Sharma et al., 2019)......Page 639
   Laser irradiation method......Page 640
   Electrical methods......Page 643
   Microwave irradiation method......Page 645
   Reverse micelle method......Page 648
   Sol-gel method......Page 649
   Radiolytic coreduction......Page 650
  Biological methods......Page 652
   Synthesis of NPs by microbial flora......Page 653
   Green synthesis of plant extracts......Page 654
   Leaf extracts (Haleemkhan et al., 2015)......Page 655
   Peel extracts and gum extracts (Haleemkhan et al., 2015)......Page 657
  Spectroscopic analysis (UV-visible spectroscopy)......Page 658
  IR spectroscopy (infrared spectroscopy)......Page 659
  Transmission electron microscopy......Page 660
  X-ray spectroscopy......Page 661
  Atomic force microscopy......Page 662
  Zeta potential......Page 663
  Biomedical applications......Page 665
  Applications in imaging......Page 666
  Application as biosensors......Page 667
  Applications in agriculture......Page 668
 Current and future perspectives of bimetallic nanoparticles......Page 669
 References......Page 670
 Further reading......Page 678
 A......Page 680
 B......Page 681
 C......Page 682
 D......Page 684
 E......Page 685
 G......Page 686
 H......Page 687
 M......Page 688
 N......Page 690
 P......Page 692
 S......Page 693
 T......Page 695
 W......Page 696
 Z......Page 697