Multifaceted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives: Properties and Biomedical Applications

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Advances inPolymerScience Series: Volume 292
Multifaceted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives: Properties and Biomedical Applications
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Preface
Contents
Introductory Aspects of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of CMC Derivatives
		2.1 Preparation of CMC Derivatives
		2.2 Characterization of Various CMC Derivatives
	3. Properties of CMC
		3.1 Physicochemical Properties of CMC
		3.2 Biological Properties of CMC
	4. Applications of CMC
	5. Conclusion
	References
Preparation of Different Types of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Preparation of Different Types of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives
		2.1 Synthesis of O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (O-CMC)
		2.2 Synthesis of N-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (N-CMC)
		2.3 Synthesis of N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (N,O-CMC)
		2.4 Synthesis of N, N-Dimethyl Carboxymethyl Chitosan (N, N-dCMC)
		2.5 Synthesis of N-Carboxybutyl Chitosan (N-CBC)
		2.6 Synthesis of N-Carboxyethyl Chitosan
		2.7 Synthesis of N-Succinyl Chitosan
		2.8 Synthesis of O-Succinyl Chitosan
	3. Conclusion
	References
Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives and Its Interaction with Metal Ions
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
		1.1 Chitosan
		1.2 Chitosan Derivatives
		1.3 Carboxymethyl Chitosan
		1.4 Heavy Metals and Its Toxicity
	2. Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan
	3. CMCS Interactions with Various Metal Ions
		3.1 CMCS Interaction with Divalent Metal Ions
			3.1.1 CMCS Interactions with Ni(II) and Cu(II)
			3.1.2 CMCS Interactions with Zn(II), Pb(II), Co(II), Sr(II), and Hg(II)
		3.2 CMCS Interactions with Higher Valance Metal Ions
	4. Conclusions and Perspective
	References
Antimicrobial Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives and Its Composites
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Antibacterial Activity of CMC
	3. Antifungal Activity of CMC
	4. Conclusion
	References
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Hydrogels
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Synthesis of CMCS-Based Hydrogels
		2.1 CMCS-Based Physical Hydrogels
			2.1.1 Hydrogen Bonding
			2.1.2 Freeze-Thawing
			2.1.3 Ionotropic Gelation
		2.2 CMCS-Based Chemical Hydrogels
			2.2.1 Grafting
			2.2.2 Free-Radical Polymerization
			2.2.3 Enzymatic Reaction
			2.2.4 Condensation Reaction
	3. Properties of CMCS-Based Hydrogels
		3.1 Morphology
		3.2 Self-healing Behaviors
		3.3 Antibacterial Activities
		3.4 Mechanical Properties
		3.5 Swelling Performance
		3.6 Stimuli Sensitivity
	4. Applications of CMCS-Based Hydrogels
		4.1 Drug Delivery
		4.2 Tissue Engineering
		4.3 Wound Dressing
	5. Conclusion and Perspectives
	References
Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Biosensing Applications
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan
	3. Biosensing Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan
	4. Future Approaches
	5. Conclusion
	References
Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Blood Clotting
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives
	3. Applications of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Hemostasis
		3.1 Hydrogel
		3.2 Sponges
		3.3 Cryogel
		3.4 Microspheres
		3.5 Membranes
	4. Conclusion
	References
Electrospinning of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives-Based Nanofibers and Its Applications
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Electrospinning
	3. Applications of Electrospun CMC Nanofibers
		3.1 Drug Delivery
		3.2 Wound Healing
		3.3 Tissue Engineering
		3.4 Other Applications
	4. Conclusion
	References
Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Materials in Packaging, Food, Pharmaceutical, and Cosmetics
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
		1.1 Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan
			1.1.1 Synthesis of Different Types of Carboxymethyl Chitosan
		1.2 Physicochemical Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan
			1.2.1 Degree of Substitution
			1.2.2 Yield
			1.2.3 Solubility
			1.2.4 Crystallinity
			1.2.5 Particle Size
			1.2.6 Molecular Weight
			1.2.7 Functional Groups
			1.2.8 Mechanical Properties Test
			1.2.9 Water Vapor Transmission Rate
	2. Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Packaging Applications
		2.1 Antimicrobial Activity
		2.2 In Vitro Cytotoxicity
		2.3 Anti-Fogging
		2.4 Coating
		2.5 Composite Films
	3. Use of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in the Food Industry
		3.1 Functional Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Application in Food
		3.2 Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Different Food Commodities
	4. Use of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Pharmaceutics
		4.1 Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Formulations for Drug Delivery
		4.2 Potential Applications of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Fields
	5. Use of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Cosmetics
		5.1 Moisture Retention and Adsorption
		5.2 Antimicrobial Activity
		5.3 Antioxidant Activity
	6. Biodegradation
	7. Summary and Future Prospective
	References
Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Derivatives in Diagnosis and Targeting
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. CMC-Based Derivatives in Targeted Drug Delivery
		2.1 Tumor-Specific Drug Delivery
			2.1.1 pH-Dependent Drug Delivery
			2.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Drug Delivery
			2.1.3 Charge Inversion Response Conjugate
			2.1.4 CMC-Drug Conjugates
			2.1.5 CMC-Modified with Graphene Oxide (GO)
			2.1.6 CMC-Iron Oxide Nanocarrier
			2.1.7 CMC Coated with Gold (Au) NPs
		2.2 Organ-Specific Drug Delivery
			2.2.1 Intestine-Targeted Drug Delivery
			2.2.2 Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery
			2.2.3 Ocular-Targeted Drug Delivery
			2.2.4 Liver-Targeted Drug Delivery
	3. CMC-Based Derivatives in Diagnosing
		3.1 As a Nuclear Imaging Agent
		3.2 As a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agent
		3.3 As Biosensors
		3.4 As Chemoradiotherapy Agents
		3.5 As Phosphate-Detecting Agents
	4. Conclusion
	References
Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Drug and Vaccine Delivery: An Overview
	Contents
	Abstract
	1, Introduction
	2. Modification of Chitosan
	3. Bioactive Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan
		3.1 Antitumor Activity
		3.2 Antimicrobial Activity
		3.3 Tissue Regeneration and Wound Healing Activity
	4. Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Drug Delivery
	5. Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Adjuvant and Vaccine Delivery
		5.1 Mucosal Immunization
		5.2 Systemic Immunization
	6. Conclusion
	References
Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Tissue Engineering
	Contents
	Abstract
	Abbreviations
	1. Introduction
	2. Carboxymethyl Chitosan Characteristics, Performance, and Production Associated with Tissue Engineering
		2.1 Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives to Promote Tissue Engineering
	3. Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Derivatives for Tissue Repair/Regeneration
	4. Carboxymethyl Chitosan an Derivatives Associated with Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering
	5. Innovations and Advances in Carboxymethyl Chitosan Modifications for Tissue Engineering
	6. Conclusion
	References
Functionalized Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Wound Healing
	Contents
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Use of CMCS in Wound Healing
		2.1 Current Therapies in Wound Healing
		2.2 Biological Effects of CMCS on Wound Healing
		2.3 Adhesive CMCS Hydrogels
		2.4 Self-Healing Gels
	3. Applications of CMCS as Wound Dressing Materials
		3.1 Antioxidant and Natural Additive Formulated CMCS
		3.2 Fiber Mats
		3.3 Growth Factor Delivery
		3.4 Antibacterial Activity
		3.5 Nano-Additives and Dermal Delivery
		3.6 Composites
		3.7 Conjugates
	4. Summary
	References