MRI in Practice

Title Page\nContents\nForeword\nPreface to the Fourth Edition\nAcknowledgments\nChapter1 Basic principles\n	Introduction\n	Atomic structure\n	Motion in the atom\n	MR active nuclei\n	The hydrogen nucleus\n	Alignment\n	Precession\n	The Larmor equation\n	Resonance\n	The MR signal\n	The free induction decay signal (FID)\n	Relaxation\n	T1 recovery\n	T2 decay\n	Pulse timing parameters\nChapter 2 Image weighting and contrast\n	Introduction\n	Image contrast\n	Contrast mechanisms\n	Relaxation in different tissues\n	T1 contrast\n	T2 contrast\n	Proton density contrast\n	Weighting\n	T2* decay\n	Introduction to pulse sequences\nChapter 3 Encoding and image formation\n	Encoding\n		Introduction\n		Gradients\n		Slice selection\n		Frequency encoding\n		Phase encoding\n		Sampling\n	Data Collection and Image Formation\n		Introduction\n		K space description\n		K space filling\n		Fast Fourier transform (FFT)\n		Important facts about K space\n		K space traversal and gradients\n		Options that fill K space\n		Types of acquisition\nChapter 4 Parameters and trade-offs\n	Introduction\n	Signal to noise ratio (SNR)\n	Contrast to noise ratio (CNR)\n	Spatial resolution\n	Scan time\n	Trade-offs\n	Decision making\n	Volume imaging\nChapter 5 Pulse sequences\n	Introduction\n	Spin Echo Pulse Sequences\n		Conventional spin echo\n		Fast or turbo spin echo\n		Inversion recovery\n		Fast inversion recovery\n		STIR (short tau inversion recovery)\n		FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery)\n		IR prep sequences\n	Gradient Echo Pulse Sequences\n		Conventional gradient echo\n		The steady state and echo formation\n		Coherent gradient echo\n		Incoherent gradient echo (spoiled)\n		Steady state free precession (SSFP)\n		Balanced gradient echo\n		Fast gradient echo\n		Single shot imaging techniques\n	Parallel Imaging Techniques\nChapter 6 Flow phenomena\n	Introduction\n	The Mechanisms of Flow\n	Flow Phenomena\n		Time of flight phenomenon\n		Entry slice phenomenon\n		Intra-voxel dephasing\n	Flow Phenomena Compensation\n		Introduction\n		Even echo rephasing\n		Gradient moment rephasing (nulling)\n		Spatial pre-saturation\nChapter 7 Artefacts and their compensation\n	Introduction\n	Phase mismapping\n	Aliasing or wrap around\n	Chemical shift artefact\n	Out of phase artefact (chemical misregistration)\n	Truncation artefact\n	Magnetic susceptibility artefact\n	Cross=-excitation and cross talk\n	Zipper artefact\n	Shading artefact\n	Moiré artefact\n	Magic angle\nChapter 8 Vascular and cardiac imaging\n	Introduction\n	Conventional MRI vascular imaging techniques\n	Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)\n	Cardiac MRI\n	Cardiac gating\n	Peripheral gating\n	Pseudo gating\n	Multiphase cardiac imaging\n	Ciné\n	SPAMM\nChapter 9 Instrumentation and equipment\n	Introduction\n	Magnetism\n	Permanent m agnets\n	Electromagnets\n	Superconducting electromagnets\n	Fringe fields\n	Shim coils\n	Gradient coils\n	Radio f requency (RF)\n	Patient transportation system\n	MR computer systems and the user interface\nChapter10 MRI safety\n	Introduction\n	Government guidelines\n	Safety terminology\n	Hardware and magnetic field considerations\n	Radio f requency fields\n	Gradient magnetic\n	The main magnetic  field\n	Projectiles\n	Siting considerations\n	MRI f acility zones\n	Safety education\n	Protecting the general public from the fringe field\n	Implants and prostheses\n	Devices and monitors in MRI\n	Pacemakers\n	Patient conditions\n	Safety policy\n	Safety tips\n	Reference\nChapter 11 Contrast a gents in MRI\n	Introduction\n	Mechanism of action of contrast agents\n	Molecular tumbling\n	Dipole–dipole interactions\n	Magnetic susceptibility\n	Relaxivity\n	Gadolinium safety\n	Other contrast agents\n	Current applications of gadolinium contrast agents\n	Conclusion\nChapter 12 Functional imaging techniques\n	Introduction\n	Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)\n	Perfusion imaging\n	Susceptibility weighting (SWI)\n	Functional imaging (f MRI)\n	Interventional MRI\n	MR spectroscopy (MRS)\n	Whole body imaging\n	MR microscopy (MRM)\nGlossary\nIndex