Mosby's comprehensive review of dental hygiene

Front cover......Page 1
evolve page......Page 2
Mosby\'s Comprehensive Review of Dental Hygiene......Page 5
Copyright page......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
 Organization......Page 11
 Simulated National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations/Electronic Resources......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Table of contents......Page 15
 Dental Hygiene Licensure......Page 17
 State Boards of Dentistry/Dental Hygiene and Professional Associations......Page 23
 Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations......Page 24
 National Board Dental Hygiene Examination......Page 25
 Clinical Testing Structure......Page 31
 Instrument Requirements......Page 32
 Client Recruitment......Page 33
 Examination Scoring......Page 34
 Content and Organization of This Review Book......Page 38
 Reference......Page 39
 General Histology......Page 40
 General Embryology......Page 57
 Oral Histology......Page 60
 Suggested Readings......Page 77
 Basic Concepts......Page 83
 Cells......Page 85
 Tissues......Page 90
 Systems of the Body and Their Components......Page 91
 Suggested Readings......Page 135
 Osteology......Page 140
 The Muscular System......Page 146
 The Circulatory System......Page 148
 The Lymphatic System......Page 151
 Glands of the Head and Neck Region......Page 152
 The Nervous System......Page 153
 Dental Terminology......Page 163
 Dental Anatomy......Page 169
 Eruption......Page 176
 Intra-Arch and Interarch Relationships......Page 178
 Acknowledgment......Page 182
 Suggested Readings......Page 183
 General Considerations......Page 189
 Ethical Considerations Regarding the Use of Ionizing Radiation......Page 197
 Infection Control......Page 201
 Image Receptors......Page 202
 Oral Radiographic Procedures......Page 204
 Radiographic Errors......Page 212
 Radiographic Image Interpretation......Page 216
 Supplemental Techniques and Specialized Imaging Modalities......Page 226
 References......Page 227
 Suggested Readings......Page 228
 Inflammation2......Page 234
 Regeneration and Wound Healing2......Page 239
 Regenerative Medicine3......Page 242
 Genetics2......Page 243
 Differential Diagnosis1......Page 246
 Suggested Readings......Page 248
 Benign Lesions of Soft Tissue Origin......Page 253
 Inflammatory Tumors (Granulomas)......Page 256
 Benign Intraosseous Neoplasms......Page 260
 Gingival Fibromatosis......Page 262
 Ulcerative Diseases......Page 264
 Major Aphthous Ulcers......Page 267
 Skin Diseases......Page 272
 White Lesions......Page 275
 Neoplasia......Page 279
 Cysts......Page 282
 Developmental Cysts......Page 283
 Odontogenic Cysts......Page 286
 Blood Dyscrasias......Page 290
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus......Page 297
 Fibrous Dysplasia......Page 298
 Endocrine Disorders......Page 300
 Abnormalities of Teeth......Page 302
 Conditions of Oral Soft Tissues......Page 311
 Suggested Readings......Page 314
 General Microbiology......Page 323
 Microbiology of the Oral Cavity......Page 361
 Disease Transmission......Page 379
 Infection Control Procedures for Oral Health Care Workers......Page 383
 Oral Health Care Environment and Promotion of Infection Control......Page 388
 The Osha and Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens......Page 400
 Suggested Readings......Page 403
 General Considerations......Page 408
 Autonomic Nervous System Agents......Page 412
 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents......Page 417
 General Anesthetics......Page 420
 Sedative–Hypnotic Medications......Page 422
 Anti-Infectives (Antibiotics)......Page 426
 Antidysrhythmics......Page 431
 Psychotherapeutic Agents......Page 435
 Endocrine Agents......Page 436
 Respiratory System Agents......Page 439
 Gastrointestinal Agents......Page 440
 Antineoplastic Agents......Page 441
 Drug Use During Pregnancy......Page 442
 References......Page 444
 Six Major Classes of Essential Nutrients......Page 452
 Specialized Cells Of Oral Tissues—Effects Of Nutrients......Page 472
 Energy Balances And Weight Control......Page 473
 Nutritional Assessment And Counseling......Page 476
 Suggested Readings......Page 488
 Introduction......Page 494
 Direct Preventive and Restorative Materials......Page 499
 Indirect Preventive and Restorative Materials......Page 511
 Suggested Readings......Page 525
 Basic Features of the Periodontium......Page 533
 Diseases of the Periodontium......Page 536
 Changes in the Periodontium Associated with Disease......Page 544
 Bacterial Plaque Biofilm1,2......Page 548
 Clinical Assessment of the Periodontium15,16......Page 550
 Treatment1,2,19,20–22......Page 553
 Postoperative Care......Page 565
 Dental Implants1,2,34,35......Page 566
 References......Page 568
 Human Needs Theory and Assessment1,5–7......Page 576
 Health History Evaluation......Page 578
 Extraoral and Intraoral Assessment......Page 588
 Assessment of Dentition......Page 592
 Periodontal Assessment......Page 594
 Radiographic Evaluation......Page 597
 Risk-Factor Assessments......Page 598
 Assessment and Documentation......Page 599
 Diagnosis......Page 601
 Planning......Page 602
 Client Management with Effective Communication......Page 604
 Evaluation......Page 605
 Ethical, Legal, and Safety Issues......Page 607
 References......Page 608
 Suggested Readings......Page 609
 Oral Health Education......Page 615
 Prevention-Oriented Health Models......Page 617
 Dental Plaque Biofilm Detection......Page 619
 Mechanical Plaque Biofilm Control on Facial, Lingual, and Occlusal Tooth Surfaces......Page 620
 Interdental Plaque Biofilm Control......Page 624
 Dentifrices......Page 627
 Controlling Oral Malodor......Page 628
 Oral Irrigation......Page 629
 Care of Fixed and Removable Prostheses......Page 630
 Caries Management......Page 632
 Mouthrinses or Chemotherapeutics4......Page 636
 Dental Sealants......Page 637
 Tobacco Use Interventions......Page 639
 Oral Cancer......Page 640
 Diagnostic Tools for Oral Cancer Detection......Page 642
 Control of Dentinal Hypersensitivity......Page 644
 Pulpal Vitality and Testing Devices......Page 646
 Ethical, Legal, and Safety Issues......Page 647
 References......Page 648
 Suggested Readings......Page 649
 Instrument Design......Page 655
 Hand-Activated Instruments......Page 656
 Principles of Instrumentation......Page 662
 Steps for Calculus Removal with Hand-Activated Instruments......Page 665
 Instrumentation for Assessment......Page 666
 Debridement Concepts......Page 671
 Debridement with Mechanized Instruments......Page 673
 Advanced Instrumentation Techniques......Page 676
 Selective Stain Removal......Page 677
 Ethical, Legal, and Safety Issues......Page 679
 Suggested Readings......Page 680
 Characteristics and Physiology of Pain......Page 693
 Armamentarium......Page 694
 Local Anesthetic Agents......Page 696
 Trigeminal Nerve: Maxillary Division......Page 700
 Trigeminal Nerve: Mandibular Division......Page 702
 The Wand/Compudent: Computer-Controlled Local Anesthesia Delivery System......Page 703
 Conscious Sedation with Nitrous Oxide–Oxygen......Page 705
 Suggested Readings......Page 707
 General Considerations......Page 712
 Specific Conditions......Page 715
 Dental Management......Page 749
 Suggested Readings......Page 767
 Basic Concepts......Page 777
 Epidemiology......Page 783
 Epidemiology and Research......Page 785
 Epidemiology of Oral Diseases and Conditions......Page 789
 Measurement of Diseases and Conditions in Oral Epidemiology......Page 804
 Preventing and Controlling Oral Diseases and Conditions......Page 805
 Community Programming......Page 814
 Implementation......Page 820
 Evaluation......Page 827
 Provision of Oral Health Care......Page 832
 Financing Oral Health Care......Page 836
 Need for, Demand for, and Utilization of Dental Services......Page 842
 Current Challenges in Oral Health and Oral Health Care......Page 844
 Ethics......Page 846
 References......Page 848
 Suggested Readings......Page 850
 General Considerations......Page 858
 Vital Signs......Page 859
 Emergency Cardiac Care......Page 862
 Automated External Defibrillators......Page 863
 Rescue Breathing Technique......Page 864
 Administration of Oxygen......Page 866
 Managing Other Medical Emergencies......Page 867
 Managing Dental Emergencies......Page 876
 Suggested Readings......Page 877
 Ethical Considerations......Page 884
 Professionalism......Page 885
 Ethical Issues in Public Policy......Page 886
 Legal Concepts......Page 888
 Civil Law and the Dental Hygienist......Page 890
 Dental Records and Record Keeping......Page 907
 Employer and Employee Rights and Responsibilities......Page 908
 Risk Management and Avoiding Litigation......Page 911
 Suggested Readings......Page 914
 Exam Format......Page 921
Component A......Page 922
Component B—Review Questions......Page 937
 Prefixes......Page 978
 Combining Forms......Page 979
 Terminology Frequently Used to Designate Body Parts or Organs......Page 981
Appendix B: Professional Organizations of Interest to Dental Hygienists......Page 982
 THE AMERICAN DENTAL HYGIENISTS’ Code of Ethics*......Page 984
 The Canadian Dental Hygienists Association Code of Ethics......Page 987
 References......Page 992
Index......Page 993