Moral Reasoning A Text and Reader on Ethics and Contemporary Moral Issues

Cover......Page 1
Moral Reasoning......Page 2
Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 10
A Note to Instructors......Page 12
Preface......Page 14
Part I: Reasoning About Moral and Non-Moral Issues......Page 16
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Arguments......Page 17
Chapter 2: Moral Arguments......Page 29
Part II: Ways of Reasoning About Moral Issues......Page 40
Chapter 3: Reasoning with Obligations......Page 41
Chapter 4: Reasoning with Consequences......Page 50
Chapter 5: Reasoning with Virtues and Vices......Page 61
Chapter 6: Reasoning with Principles and Counterexamples......Page 72
Chapter 7: Reasoning by Analogy......Page 82
Chapter 8: Answering Moral Questions......Page 91
Part III: Moral Theory and Moral Reasoning......Page 106
Chapter 9: Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism......Page 107
Chapter 10: Religion and Moral Reasoning......Page 120
Chapter 11: Normative Theories, Part 1......Page 129
Chapter 12: Normative Theories, Part 2......Page 142
Part IV: Appendices......Page 152
Appendix 1: How to Write an Ethics Paper......Page 153
Appendix 2: Additional Case Studies......Page 165
Part V: Readings......Page 176
Tips on Reading Philosophy......Page 177
Immanuel Kant / Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals......Page 179
Jeremy Bentham / An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation......Page 186
John Stuart Mill / Utilitarianism......Page 190
Aristotle / Nicomachean Ethics......Page 199
Stephanie Collins / Care Ethics: The Four Key Claims......Page 208
Mencius / Essential Mengzi: Selected Passages with  Traditional Commentary......Page 220
Kwasi Wiredu / The Moral Foundations of an African Culture......Page 231
Yolanda Estes / Mutual Respect and Sexual Morality......Page 241
Tom Dougherty / Sex, Lies, and Consent......Page 248
Anne W. Eaton / A Sensible Antiporn Feminism......Page 267
J. L. A. Garcia / The Heart of Racism......Page 289
Laurence Thomas / What Good Am I?......Page 309
Xiaofei Liu / No Fats, Femmes, or Asians......Page 314
Mary Anne Warren / On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion......Page 328
Don Marquis / Why Abortion Is Immoral......Page 335
Judith Jarvis Thomson / A Defense of Abortion......Page 346
Susan M. Wolf / Physician-Assisted Suicide......Page 357
James Rachels / Active and Passive Euthanasia......Page 367
J. Gay-Williams / The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia......Page 372
Ernest van den Haag / The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense......Page 375
Stephen Nathanson / An Eye for an Eye? The Morality of Punishing by Death......Page 381
Thaddeus Metz / African Values and Capital Punishment......Page 387
Henry Shue / Torture......Page 393
Alan M. Dershowitz / Should the Ticking Time Bomb Terrorist Be Tortured?......Page 404
Jeff McMahan / Torture in Principle and in Practice......Page 418
Jeff McMahan / The Ethics of Killing in War......Page 429
Cheryl Abbate / Assuming Risk: A Critical Analysis of a Soldier’s Duty to Prevent Collateral Casualties......Page 445
Bradley Jay Strawser / Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles......Page 462
Peter Singer / All Animals Are Equal......Page 483
Bonnie Steinbock / Speciesism and the Idea of Equality......Page 494
Alastair Norcross / Puppies, Pigs, and People: Eating Meat and Marginal Cases......Page 501
Onora Nell / Lifeboat Earth......Page 513
Peter Singer / Famine, Affluence, and Morality......Page 522
Fiona Woollard / Saving Strangers: What Does Morality Demand?......Page 530
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong / It’s Not My Fault: Global Warming  and Individual Moral Obligations......Page 536
John Broome / Private Morality and Climate Change......Page 550
Sarah Krakoff / Parenting the Planet......Page 561
Index......Page 577