Monitoring Asthma (Lung Biology in Health and Disease, Volume 207)

Front cover......Page 1
Introduction......Page 14
Preface......Page 16
Contributors......Page 18
Contents......Page 22
Asthma Symptoms......Page 30
Purpose of Symptom Monitoring......Page 32
Symptom Monitoring and Exacerbations......Page 34
Symptom Perception......Page 37
Symptom Scoring Systems......Page 39
Framework......Page 41
References......Page 42
Introduction......Page 48
Health-Related Quality of Life......Page 49
Why do We Need to Measure Quality of Life in Asthma?......Page 50
Quality of Life Impairments in Asthma......Page 51
Selecting the Right Questionnaire for the Task......Page 53
Interpretation of Quality of Life Data......Page 55
Quality of Life in Clinical Trials......Page 56
Quality of Life in Clinical Practice......Page 57
Practical Considerations......Page 59
Cultural Adaptations......Page 63
Copyright......Page 64
References......Page 65
Introduction......Page 70
General Issues on Cough as a Symptom and Outcome Measure......Page 71
Measurements of Cough Severity......Page 72
Significance of Cough in Asthma......Page 78
Application (Case Study)......Page 90
References......Page 91
Context of Electronic Spirometric and Peak Flow Monitoring......Page 100
Types of Electronic Monitoring Devices......Page 101
Performance Issues......Page 117
Processing Issues......Page 120
Uses of Electronic Monitoring Devices......Page 123
Priorities in Use of Electronic Monitoring Devices......Page 130
References......Page 131
Abstract......Page 136
What Is Telemedicine?......Page 137
Why Telemedicine in Asthma?......Page 138
Clinical Guidelines, Decision Support Tools and Clinical Information Systems......Page 145
Unanswered Research Questions......Page 146
Conclusion......Page 147
References......Page 148
Summary......Page 152
Introduction......Page 153
Basic Theory and Terminology......Page 155
Clinical Examples......Page 161
Discussion......Page 167
References......Page 170
Monitoring Adherence......Page 174
Patterns of Adherence......Page 176
Monitoring Adherence......Page 177
Why Monitor Adherence?......Page 181
How Much Is Enough?......Page 183
Monitoring Adherence Universally......Page 184
References......Page 187
Introduction......Page 190
A Primer on Allergens......Page 191
Exposure and Clinical Outcomes......Page 198
Methods of Collecting Reservoir Allergen Sources......Page 204
Methods of Collecting Aeroallergens......Page 209
Types of Air Samplers......Page 212
Measurement of Allergens and Visual Identification of Their Sources......Page 214
Comments in Conclusion......Page 221
References......Page 222
Introduction and Background......Page 236
Monitoring......Page 241
References......Page 254
Introduction......Page 262
Properties of Methacholine and Histamine......Page 263
Methods of Testing......Page 267
‘‘Squeeze’’ Method for Infants......Page 270
Factors Affecting Airway Responsiveness......Page 271
Expression of Results and Reproducibility......Page 273
The Use of Direct Stimuli to Diagnose Asthma......Page 274
Detection of Asthma in Different Populations......Page 277
Occupational Asthma......Page 279
Comparisons with Indirect Challenge Agents......Page 280
Relation of Direct Challenge Responses to Asthma Severity and Treatment......Page 281
Relation and Relevance to Airway Pathology......Page 283
Summary......Page 287
References......Page 288
Overview......Page 304
Definition of Indirect Stimuli......Page 305
Background to the Use of These Indirect Stimuli for Monitoring Airway Hyperresponsiveness......Page 308
Relationship Between One Indirect Stimulus and Another......Page 312
Role of Mediators in the Differences Between Indirect Stimuli and Direct Stimuli......Page 314
Indications for Use of Indirect Stimuli......Page 317
Clinical Evaluation Using Indirect Stimuli......Page 325
Monitoring Changes to Allergen Avoidance and Exposure......Page 336
Conclusions......Page 338
References......Page 339
Introduction......Page 354
Feasibility of Measuring Airway Inflammation......Page 355
Methodology......Page 359
Measurement Characteristics of Induced Sputum......Page 360
Findings in Asthma......Page 362
What Features of the Inflammatory Response Contribute to Disordered Airway Function?......Page 364
How Does Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation Contribute to the Pathophysiology of Asthma?......Page 365
Clinical Role for Monitoring Airway Inflammation......Page 366
Future Directions......Page 370
Summary......Page 371
References......Page 372
Introduction......Page 378
Exhaled Gases......Page 380
Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate......Page 384
Acknowledgment......Page 385
References......Page 386
Introduction......Page 392
What Is Childhood Asthma?......Page 393
Monitoring Asthma in Infants......Page 396
Monitoring Asthma in Pre-School Children......Page 399
Monitoring Asthma in Older Children......Page 403
References......Page 405
Introduction......Page 412
Assessing the Validity of Time Trends......Page 416
Assessing Possible Explanations for Time Trends......Page 420
Cohort and Case–Control Studies of Asthma Deaths......Page 427
Summary......Page 439
References......Page 440
Introduction......Page 446
Purposes of Monitoring Asthma in Populations......Page 447
Identification of Asthma for Monitoring Purposes......Page 451
Monitoring Key Specific Indicators......Page 453
References......Page 478
Pharmacists in the Health Care System......Page 494
Pharmacists and Chronic Diseases......Page 495
Current Issues with Asthma Management: Where Can the Pharmacist Help?......Page 496
Pharmaceutical Care and Asthma......Page 499
Optimizing Pharmacy-based Interventions and Outcomes......Page 500
Specific Monitoring of Asthma in the Pharmacy Setting......Page 509
Monitoring Outcomes (Table 2)......Page 516
References......Page 524
Introduction......Page 532
Advantages and Limitations of Database Studies......Page 533
Adverse Effects of Inhaled b2-Agonists......Page 535
Benefits of Inhaled Corticosteroids......Page 540
Risks of Inhaled Corticosteroids......Page 542
Methodological Issues in Observational Study Designs......Page 545
Conclusion......Page 553
References......Page 554
Index......Page 560
Back cover......Page 572