Molecular Advancements in Tropical Diseases Drug Discovery

Cover
Molecular Advancements in Tropical Diseases Drug Discovery
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgment
1. Amebiasis
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 History
		1.1.2 Symptoms
		1.1.3 Lifecycle stages
	1.2 Detection of infection
	1.3 Epidemiology and risk factors
	1.4 Treatment
	1.5 The new strategy for developing next-generation drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic
	1.6 New pathways that can be suitable drug targets for disease intervention
	References
2. Leishmaniasis
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Detection of infection
		2.2.1 Laboratory diagnosis
			2.2.1.1 Demonstration and isolation of the parasite
			2.2.1.2 Immunologic diagnostic methods
			2.2.1.3 Skin testing
			2.2.1.4 Nucleic acid amplification tests
	2.3 Epidemiology and risk factors
		2.3.1 Clinical presentations and geographical distribution
		2.3.2 Parasite
		2.3.3 Vector
		2.3.4 Host/reservoir hosts
		2.3.5 Life cycle and transmission
		2.3.6 Risk factors
		2.3.7 Spatial clustering, outbreaks, and epidemics
	2.4 Approaches to control and elimination
		2.4.1 Early diagnosis and treatment
		2.4.2 Effective disease surveillance
		2.4.3 Vector control
		2.4.4 Control of reservoir hosts
		2.4.5 Social mobilization and strengthening partnerships
	2.5 Next-generation diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines
		2.5.1 Diagnostic needs in leishmaniasis
		2.5.2 New approaches in treatment using existing antileishmanials
		2.5.3 Drug candidates in development
		2.5.4 Molecules and pathways for novel drug targets
			2.5.4.1 Parasite targets
				Enzymes and other molecules of metabolic pathways
				Enzymes and other molecules of metabolic pathways
				Protein kinases/kinome
				Protein kinases/kinome
				Cell cycle of the parasites
				Cell cycle of the parasites
				Secretory proteins
				Secretory proteins
			2.5.4.2 Host molecules and host–pathogen interactions as drug targets
				Toll-like receptors
				Toll-like receptors
				Host cell–parasite interface
				Host cell–parasite interface
				Host cell signaling pathways
				Host cell signaling pathways
				Host epigenome
				Host epigenome
				Host-directed immunotherapy
				Host-directed immunotherapy
		2.5.5 Alternative approaches to de novo drug discovery
			2.5.5.1 Novel compounds based on known antileishmanials
			2.5.5.2 Repurposed drugs as potential antileishmanials
			2.5.5.3 Natural products as antileishmanials
		2.5.6 Factors influencing success in drug development
		2.5.7 Vaccines for leishmaniasis
	2.6 Concluding remarks
	References
3. Tuberculosis
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Detection of infection
	3.3 Epidemiology and risk factors
	3.4 Approaches to disease control and elimination
	3.5 Next-generation vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics
	3.6 New pathways as drug targets
		3.6.1 Oxidative phosphorylation in M. tuberculosis as the target of antibacterial
		3.6.2 Drug targets important to sustain viability isocitrate lyase
		3.6.3 Nitrate reduction pathways
		3.6.4 Mycobacterial lipase-LipY
		3.6.5 Resuscitation-promoting factors
		3.6.6 NAD synthetase
		3.6.7 Mycobactin biosynthesis
		3.6.8 MurD ligase (Rv2155c)—a potential broad-spectrum target
		3.6.9 TMPK (EC 2.7.4.9) is the last specific enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway
		3.6.10 Rv0864
		3.6.11 Cytidylate kinase and polyphosphate kinase as drug targets
	3.7 Concluding remarks
	References
4. Lymphatic filariasis
	4.1 Introduction
		4.1.1 Life cycle
	4.2 Detection of infection
	4.3 Epidemiology and risk factors
		4.3.1 Epidemiology
		4.3.2 Risk factors
	4.4 Approaches to control and elimination through MDA
	4.5 Next-generation vaccine, drugs, and diagnostics
		4.5.1 Next-generation vaccines
		4.5.2 Next-generation drugs
		4.5.3 Next-generation diagnostics
	4.6 Concluding remarks
	References
5. Malaria
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Malaria life cycle: understanding the Plasmodium biology and disease
	5.2 Detection of infection
	5.3 Epidemiology and risk factors
		5.3.1 Factor influencing malaria
		5.3.2 Factor influencing the vector
	5.4 Approaches to control and elimination through mass drug administration
	5.5 Next-generation vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics
	5.6 Novel pathways of drug targets for malaria intervention
		5.6.1 The powerhouse: mitochondria
		5.6.2 The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways
	5.7 Conclusion
	References
6. Sleeping sickness
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Detection of infection
	6.3 Epidemiology and risk factors
	6.4 Approaches to control and elimination through mass drug administration
	6.5 Next-generation vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics
	6.6 Concluding remarks
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	V
	W
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