Modern Classification and Data Analysis: Methodology and Applications to Micro- and Macroeconomic Problems (Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Methods
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps as a Toll for Structuring New Research Problems
	1 Introduction
	2 Factors Decisive in the Choice and Development of Smart Specialisations—a Literature Review
	3 Stages of Structuring the Research Problem with the Use of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
	4 Research Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Identification of Key Concerns and Sentiments Towards Data Quality and Data Strategy Challenges Using Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modeling
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Study
	3 Experiments Description
		3.1 Data Extraction
		3.2 Texts’ Preprocessing
		3.3 Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modelling
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Survival Trees and Direct Adjusted Survival Curves—Prediction of Survival Probabilities
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Backgrounds
	3 Empirical Examples
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Survival Trees
		3.3 Survival Function Estimation
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	References
A Measure of Cluster Stability in Dynamic Cluster Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Distribution of CS*
	4 Examples
	5 Conclusions
	References
Outlier Identification for Symbolic Data with the Application of the DBSCAN Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 DBSCAN Ensemble for Symbolic Data
	3 Simulations and Their Results
	4 Final Remarks
	References
An Optimized Selection of Statistical Disclosure Control Methods—A Case Study Involving Microdata from the Polish Survey of Accidents at Work
	1 Introduction
	2 Statistical Disclosure Control—Basic Concepts
	3 The SDC Process in the Survey of Accidents at Work
	4 Results of the SDC Process
	5 Final Conclusions
	References
Applications in Finance
Comparison of Influence of Various Proposals of Transforming Nominants into Stimulants on Linear Ordering and Grouping of Listed Companies
	1 Introduction
	2 Applied Methods of Transformation of Symmetric Nominants with a Recommended Range of Values into Stimulants Normalised in the Range langle0,1rangle
	3 Measures Used to Compare the Results Obtained
	4 Data and Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Attributes Affecting the Exposure Time of a Residential Property
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Data-Censored Observations
	4 Duration Analysis Time on Market
	5 Summary
	References
Determinants of the Real Estate Prices in Poland
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Relevant Literature
	3 Data
	4 Analytical Considerations and Statistical Model
	5 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Similarity of Open-Ended Mutual Funds During a Pandemic. Research for Equity and Bond Funds
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Characteristics of the Selected Funds
	5 Evaluation of Fund Performance and Similarity
	6 Conclusions
	References
Applications in Economics
Application of Random Forests in the Study of Differences in Perception of the Neighbourhood of National Parks in the Euroregion Pomerania
	1 Introduction
	2 Euroregion Pomerania
	3 Literature Review
	4 Research Methodology
	5 Empirical Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Successes and Failures of Scientific Journals and Their Determinants
	1 The Role of Scientific Journals in Publishing Research Result
	2 Methods of Evaluating Scientific Journals
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Definition of Successes and Failures
		3.2 The Overview of Potential Determinants of Journals’ Successes and Failures
		3.3 Identification and Evaluation of Determinants of Journals’ Successes and Failures
	4 Analysis of Determinants of Journal Development Perspectives
		4.1 The Scope of the Analysis and Sources of Data
		4.2 The Analysis of Quantitative Potential Determinants
		4.3 Qualitative Approach to the Analysis of Potential Determinants of Journal’s Successes and Failures
		4.4 The Evaluation of journal’s Development Perspective Determinants with Random Forest Models
	5 Conclusions
	References
Spatial Effects in Regional Inequality Analysis of Own Income Potential Among Polish Communes
	1 Introduction
	2 Sources and Methods
		2.1 Gini Index as a Non-spatial Measure of Inequality
		2.2 Spatial Autocorrelation Measures
		2.3 Rey and Smith’s Spatial Inequality Measure and Its Proposed Modification
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of Quality of Neural Network Models and Discriminant Analysis in ROPO Forecasting
	1 Deep Learning Methods
	2 ROPO (Research Online, Purchase Offline) Behaviour of Tourists—Result of the Survey
	3 Deep Learning Model
	4 Final Remarks
	References
The Application of Survival Analysis Methods in the Examination of Foreign Divestment in Poland
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results of Empirical Research
	5 Conclusions
	References
Longevity Risk Versus Longevity Dividend
	1 Introduction
	2 Longevity Risk
		2.1 Demographic Dividend
		2.2 Longevity Dividend
	3 Methodology
	4 Impact on Longevity Dividend—Empirical Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Applications in Social Issues
Application of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Synthetic Measure in the Subjective Quality of Life Measurement Based on Survey Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Synthetic Measure for Aggregated Ordinal Data
	3 The Subjective Quality of Life of the European Cities’ Residents in the Light of the Measurement Results Using the IFSM
	4 Conclusions
	References
Measuring Subjective Poverty: Methodological and Application Aspects
	1 Introduction
	2 Construction Procedure for the Subjective Household Poverty Index
	3 Results of the Empirical Research
	4 Summary
	References
Graphic Characters as Twitter Age Group Identifiers
	1 Graphic Characters in Text
	2 Data Gathering and Pre-Processing
	3 Age Group Identification—the GNG Network
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Cluster Ensemble Stability in Clustering of EU Members in Terms of Sustainable Development Goals
	1 Introduction
	2 Consensus Clustering
	3 PAC Stability Measure
	4 Empirical Results
		4.1 Decent Work and Economic Growth
		4.2 Industry, Innovations and Infrastructure
		4.3 Responsible Consumption and Production
	5 Conclusions
	References
Perception of Climate Change—Differences Between the Y and BB Generations
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Background and Literature Review
	3 Data and Methods
	4 Factors of Pro-climate Actions of Europeans
	5 Climate Change Perception and Personal Responsibility
	6 Conclusions
	References
Applications with COVID-19 Data
Cash and Non-cash Payments for In-Store Purchases During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Similarities and Differences Between Generation X and Generation Y Consumers. Case of Poland
	1 Introduction
	2 Determinants of the Use of Cashless Payment Systems
	3 Use of Cashless Payments During the COVID-19 Pandemic
	4 Data, Variables and Method of Analysis
	5 Results—Consumer Typology
	6 Conclusions
	References
Regional Labour Markets as a Result of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Polish-German Borderland Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Conceptual Background
		2.1 Borderland Regions and Their Specificity
		2.2 Unemployment and the COVID-19 Pandemic
	3 Empirical Analysis
		3.1 Model
		3.2 Data
		3.3 Regional Disparities
	4 Concluding Remarks
		4.1 Conclusions on the Method and Its Universality
		4.2 Conclusions on the Results
	References
The Labour Market Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union Countries: Selected Issues
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Background
	3 Data and Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of the Excessive Number of Deaths Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Countries
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Results
		3.1 Overall Results
		3.2 The Period: 01–06.2020
		3.3 The Period: 07—12.2020
		3.4 The Period: 01–06.2021
		3.5 Correlation and Spatial Autocorrelation in Basic Epidemic Development Statistics
	4 Conclusion and Discussion
	References