Models of the Atomic Nucleus: Unification Through a Lattice of Nucleons

Cover......Page 1
Models of the Atomic Nucleus,\rSecond Edition......Page 4
ISBN 9783642147364......Page 5
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 6
Preface to the First Edition......Page 10
Contents......Page 14
Part I Fundamentals......Page 19
1.1 The Essence of Nuclear Physics -- Energy......Page 21
1.2 The Possible Unification of Nuclear Models......Page 23
2 Atomic and Nuclear Physics......Page 29
2.1 The Atom......Page 31
2.2 The Nucleus......Page 34
2.3 Electron Shells in Atomic Physics......Page 38
2.3.2 Ionic Radius......Page 42
2.3.4 Pauling\'s Electronegativity Scale......Page 43
2.3.5 Phase Transitions......Page 44
2.4 Nucleon Shells in Nuclear Physics......Page 46
2.4.1 Isotopes and Isotones......Page 48
2.4.2 Natural Abundance......Page 49
2.4.4 Quadrupole Moments......Page 50
2.4.6 RMS Charge Radii......Page 54
2.5 Summary......Page 57
3 A Brief History of Nuclear Theory......Page 61
4 Nuclear Models......Page 75
4.1 The Collective Models......Page 76
4.1.1 The Weizsäcker Mass Formula......Page 77
4.1.2 The Nuclear Radius......Page 83
4.1.3 Collective Motion......Page 84
4.2 The Cluster Models......Page 85
4.2.1 Other Cluster Models......Page 87
4.2.2 Pauling\'s Spheron Model......Page 89
4.3 The Independent-Particle Models......Page 91
4.3.1 Manipulation of the Potential-Well......Page 94
4.4 Other Models......Page 98
4.4.1 Lattice Models......Page 99
4.5 Summary......Page 103
Part II Long-Standing Problems......Page 105
5 The Mean Free Path of Nucleons in Nuclei......Page 107
5.1 Avoiding the Issue......Page 114
5.2 The Persisting Problem of the MFP......Page 116
5.3 The Weisskopf Solution......Page 126
5.4 Exclusion Principle ``Correlations\'\'......Page 131
5.5 Further Doubts......Page 135
5.6 What Is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?......Page 137
5.7 Summary......Page 139
6.1 The Nuclear Density......Page 141
6.2 The Nuclear Skin......Page 153
6.3 The Nuclear Radius......Page 155
6.4 Summary......Page 156
7 The Nuclear Force and Super-Heavy Nuclei......Page 159
7.1 The Nuclear Force......Page 160
7.2 Superheavy Nuclei?......Page 163
7.3 Summary......Page 167
8 Nuclear Fission......Page 169
8.1 Basic Facts of Fission......Page 170
8.2 The History of Nuclear Fission......Page 175
8.3 Textbook Treatment of Asymmetric Fission......Page 177
8.4 The Empirical Data on Fission Fragments......Page 182
8.5 Adjusting the Nuclear Potential-Well to Produce Asymmetry......Page 186
8.6 What Needs To Be Explained?......Page 190
8.7 Summary......Page 191
9 Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions......Page 193
9.2 Nuclear Transmutation......Page 194
9.3 Changes in Isotopic Abundances of Palladium......Page 196
9.4 The Fission of Palladium......Page 201
Part III The Lattice Model......Page 207
10.1 The Independent-Particle Model Again......Page 209
10.2 Reproduction of the IPM in an fcc Lattice......Page 214
10.2.1 The Principal Quantum Number, n......Page 216
10.2.2 A Comment on the Magic Numbers......Page 221
10.2.3 The Total Angular Momentum Quantum Number, j......Page 222
10.2.4 The Azimuthal Quantum Number, m......Page 225
10.2.5 The Spin Value, s......Page 226
10.2.6 The Isospin Value, i......Page 227
10.2.7 Parity......Page 228
10.3 Symmetries of the Unit Cube of the fcc Lattice......Page 229
10.3.1 The Magnetic Force Between Nucleons......Page 235
10.3.2 Summary of the fcc Lattice......Page 240
10.4 The Dynamic Lattice Model......Page 241
10.5 The Lattice-Gas Model......Page 243
10.5.2 Lattice Occupancy......Page 245
10.5.3 A Unified Model?......Page 247
10.6 Conclusions......Page 248
11.1.1 Nuclear Density......Page 249
11.1.2 The Nuclear Skin......Page 251
11.1.3 Charge and Mass Radii......Page 255
11.2 The Alpha-Particle Texture of Nuclei......Page 257
11.3 Nuclear Spin and Parity in the Lattice Model......Page 261
11.4 The Coulomb Force and Super-Heavy Nuclei......Page 269
11.5 Nuclear Binding Energies......Page 271
11.6 Fission of a Lattice......Page 275
11.7 Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions......Page 282
11.8 Subnucleonic Degrees of Freedom......Page 285
11.9 Conclusions......Page 289
12 Implications......Page 291
12.1 Ancient History......Page 293
12.2 Peer Review......Page 296
Appendix A The “Nuclear Visualization Software”......Page 301
A.1 A Brief Users Manual......Page 302
A.1.2 The Basic Viewing Modes: Viewing Mode......Page 303
A.1.3 Building a Nucleus: Nucleons......Page 304
A.1.4 More on Viewing Modes......Page 306
A.1.5 Picking and Choosing: Picking......Page 308
A.1.6 Dynamic Aspects of the Display: Actions......Page 309
A.1.7 Internucleon Bonds......Page 310
A.1.8 Fine-Tuning the Display: Particles......Page 311
A.1.9 Miscellaneous Display Options: Display......Page 313
A.1.10 Quantum Shells and Subshells: Quantum Code......Page 314
A.1.11 Asymmetrical Fission Fragments: Fission......Page 316
A.1.12 Molecular Dynamics: Potentials......Page 317
A.1.15 Summary......Page 318
A.2.1 FCC Nuclear Model Related......Page 319
A.3 Installation Notes......Page 322
A.4 Keyboard Shortcuts......Page 323
A.5 Keyboard Templates......Page 325
A.6 Nuclear Model Definitions......Page 326
References......Page 329
Name Index......Page 337
Subject Index......Page 341