Animal Drugs and Human Health

Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- 1. THE PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE /LESTER M. CRAWFORD, D.V.M., Ph.D. and DON A. FRANCO, DVM., M.P.H., Dipl. A.CVP.M. -- l . l Introduction -- 1.2 The Public Health Implications Associated with Antibiotics, Pesticides and Hormones -- 1.3 Summary -- I .4 References -- 2. PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE DISPOSITION OF DRUGS AND OTHER XENOBIOTICS /JUDI WEISSINGER, DVM., Ph.D. and LESTER M. CRAWFORD, DVM., Ph.D. -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2. 2 Absorption -- 2. 3 Route of Administration -- 2 .4 Distribution -- 2.5 Biotransformation -- 2.6 Excretion -- 2. 7 Bioavailability -- 2. 8 Residue Considerations -- 2. 9 References -- 3. PRINCIPLES A ND IMPLEMENTATION OF RESIDUE PROGR AMS IN ME AT AND POULTRY INSPECTION /RONALD E. ENGEL, D.V.M., Ph.D. -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Establishment of MRL:s (Tolerance or Action Levels) -- 3.3 Analytical Methods -- 3.4 Laboratory Quality Assurance -- 3.5 Criteria for Compound Evaluation and Selection -- 3.6 Statistical Design Criteria -- 3. 7 Education and Residue Avoidance -- 3.8 Enforcement Programs -- 3. 9 Conclusion -- 3. 10 References -- 4. METHODS OF DETECTION /RICHARD ELLIS, Ph.D. -- 4. I Introduction -- 4.2 Neeo for Regulatory Analytical Methods -- 4.3 Attributes of Regulatory Analytical Methods -- 4.4 Categories of Analytical Methods for Regulatory Programs -- 4.5 Method Development and Validation Procedures for Regulatory Methods -- 4.6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control -- 4. 7 Examples of Regulatory Control Methods -- 4.8 Trends and Emerging Technologies -- 4. 9 International Considerations -- 4.10 Summary -- 4. 1 1 References -- 5. ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH /ROBERT C. WILSON, D.VM., Ph.D. -- 5. 1 Introduction -- 5.2 Incidence of Antibiotic Residues -- 5.3 Tests for Residues -- 5 .4 Sources of Residues -- 5.5 Public Health Significance of Antibiotic Drug Residues -- 5.6 Summary -- 5.7 References -- 6. CAUSES, DETECTION, AND CORRECTION OF SULFONAMIDE RESIDUES IN SWINE /RICHARD F. BEVILL, D.V.M., Ph.D. -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Causes of Sulfonamide Residues -- 6.3 Characteristics of Feed Handling or Water Systems Which Predispose to Carryover of Sulfamethazine from Medicated to Nonmedicated Rations -- 6.4 Detection of Sulfonamide Residues -- 6.5 Methods to Prevent or Reduce the Occurrence of Sulfa Residues -- 6.6 Summary -- 6.7 References -- 7. HORMONES /DON A. FRANCO, D.V.M., M.P.H , Dipl. ACVPM and CATHERINE E. ADAMS, Ph.D., R.D. -- 7. I Introduction -- 7.2 Classification -- 7.3 The Use, Action and Effects of Anabolic Agents in Food-Producing Animals -- 7.4 Public Health Impact /International Debate -- 7.5 Summary -- 7 .6 References -- 8. MISCELLANEOUS GROWTH PROMOTANTS /JUDI WEISSINGER, DVM , Ph.D. -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Pharmacology -- 8.3 Pharmacokinetics -- 8.4 Toxicity -- 8.5 Veterinary Medical Use (Utilization) -- 8.6 Resistance -- 8.7 Residues in Edible Animal Tissues -- 8.8 Analyses and Assays -- 8.9 Summary -- 8.10 References -- 9. PARASITICIOES /T. B. BARRAGRY, Ph.D -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Benzimidazolcs -- 9.3 Salicylanilides and Substituted Phenols -- 9.4 lmidothiazoles-Levamisole -- 9.5 Organophosphates -- 9.6 Tetra Hydropyrimidines -- 9.7 Avermectins -- 9.8 Summary -- 9.9 References -- 10. PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN /W. D. BLACK, D.V.M., M.Sc., Ph.D. -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Importance of Pesticides to Man -- 10.3 Characteristics of the Major Insecticide Groups -- 10.4 Usage oflnsecticides in Livestock -- 10. 5 Causes of Residues -- 10.6 Regional Differences in Pesticide Residues -- 10. 7 International Response -- 10.8 ADI`s and MRL`s -- 10. 9 Residues and Food Intake Determinations -- 10.10 National Response -- 10. 11 Residue Testing Programs -- 10.12 Impact of Residue Control Programs -- 10.13 Implications for Human Safety -- 10.14 Cancer Risk Assessment -- 10.15 Significance of Residues in Food -- 10.16 References -- 11. HERBICIDES /JOSEPH V. KITZMAN, D.V.M., Ph.D. -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Herbicides-What Are They? -- 1 1.3 EPA Toxicology Requirements for Herbicide Registration -- 1 1.4 Monitoring Herbicide Residue in Foods -- 11.5 References -- 12. DECON TAMIN ATION OF LIVESTOCK /WILLIAM T. BUCK. D.V.MM.S. -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 General Considerations -- 12.3 Potential Sources -- 12 .4 Field Cases 2 -- 12.5 Summary -- 12.6 References.