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دانلود کتاب Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology: Physiological Abnormalities, Diseases and Interventions

دانلود کتاب مدل ها ، مولکول ها و مکانیزم ها در بیوگرنتولوژی: ناهنجاری های فیزیولوژیکی ، بیماری ها و مداخلات

Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology: Physiological Abnormalities, Diseases and Interventions

مشخصات کتاب

Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology: Physiological Abnormalities, Diseases and Interventions

ویرایش: 1st ed. 2019 
نویسندگان:   
سری:  
ISBN (شابک) : 9811335842, 9789811335846 
ناشر: Springer 
سال نشر: 2019 
تعداد صفحات: 434 
زبان: English 
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) 
حجم فایل: 5 مگابایت 

قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 39,000



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در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology: Physiological Abnormalities, Diseases and Interventions به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.

توجه داشته باشید کتاب مدل ها ، مولکول ها و مکانیزم ها در بیوگرنتولوژی: ناهنجاری های فیزیولوژیکی ، بیماری ها و مداخلات نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.


توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب مدل ها ، مولکول ها و مکانیزم ها در بیوگرنتولوژی: ناهنجاری های فیزیولوژیکی ، بیماری ها و مداخلات



این کتاب مکانیسم های سلولی و مولکولی اساسی مرتبط با پیری را بررسی می کند. این به طور جامع تنظیم ژنتیکی، اپی ژنتیکی، بیوشیمیایی و متابولیک پیری و همچنین برخی از بیماری های مهم مرتبط با سن را توصیف می کند. این کتاب که به دو بخش عمده تقسیم می‌شود، خوانندگان را با جنبه‌های مختلف پیری به شیوه‌ای داستان‌گونه آشنا می‌کند و مداخلات مختلفی را برای پیری سالم پیشنهاد می‌کند، مانند محدودیت رژیم غذایی، ورزش منظم، تغذیه و حفظ یک سبک زندگی متعادل و بدون استرس. این پیامدهای پیری را بر سیستم عصبی، متابولیسم، ایمنی و سلول‌های بنیادی و همچنین مراقبت از سالمندان توصیف می‌کند. این کتاب یک همراه ایده آل برای محققان جدید و تازه کار در این زمینه است و همچنین برای مربیان، پزشکان و سیاست گذاران مفید است.


توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی

This book examines the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with aging. It comprehensively describes the genetic, epigenetic, biochemical and metabolic regulation of aging, as well as some important age-related diseases. Divided into two major sections, it takes readers through the various aspects of aging in a story-like manner and suggests various interventions for healthy aging, such as dietary restriction, regular exercise, nutrition and maintaining a balanced and a non-stressful lifestyle. It describes the implications of aging on the nervous system, metabolism, immunity and stem cells as well as care for the elderly. The book is an ideal companion for both new and established researchers in the field and is also useful for educators, clinicians and policy makers.



فهرست مطالب

Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Part I: Alterations in Nervous System, Genes, Hormones and Immunity During Aging
	1: Neurological Problems of 
the Elderly
		1.1	 Stroke
		1.2	 Dementia
		1.3	 Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
		1.4	 Chronic Subdural Haematoma (CSDH)
		1.5	 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)
		1.6	 Hyponatraemia
		1.7	 Spondylosis
		1.8	 Conclusion
		References
	2: Molecular Marker and Therapeutic Regimen for 
Neurodegenerative Diseases
		2.1	 Introduction
		2.2	 Alzheimer’s Disease
		2.3	 Markers for Alzheimer’s Disease
			2.3.1	 Aβ42
			2.3.2	 Total Tau and€p-Tau
			2.3.3	 MicroRNAs
			2.3.4	 p97/Melanotransferrin (Mtf)
			2.3.5	 Sirtuin
			2.3.6	 Sestrin
			2.3.7	 Plasma Phospholipids
			2.3.8	 5-Lipoxygenase
			2.3.9	 ApoE
		2.4	 Parkinson’s Disease
		2.5	 Markers for Parkinson’s disease
			2.5.1	 α-Synuclein
			2.5.2	 Protein Deglycase (DJ-1)
			2.5.3	 Uric Acid
			2.5.4	 ApoA1
			2.5.5	 MicroRNAs
			2.5.6	 Parkin Gene
		2.6	 Conclusion
		References
	3: Neurodegeneration During Aging: The Role of 
Oxidative Stress Through Epigenetic Modifications
		3.1	 Introduction
		3.2  Aging and 
Oxidative Stress
			3.2.1  Ca2+ Regulation, ROS Generation, and 
DNA Damage
			3.2.2  Mitochondrial Dysfunction and 
Apoptosis
		3.3  Oxidative Stress and 
Epigenetic Modification
		3.4	 Aging and€Antioxidants
			3.4.1	 Antioxidant Enzymes
			3.4.2	 Antioxidant Vitamins
			3.4.3	 Antioxidant Phytochemicals
		3.5	 Conclusion
		References
	4: Polyglucosan Bodies in Aged Brain and Neurodegeneration: Cause or 
Consequence?
		4.1	 Introduction
		4.2	 Polyglucosan Bodies: A€Historical Perspective
		4.3	 Characteristic Features of€Polyglucosan Bodies in€Nervous System
		4.4	 Hypothesis on€the€Origin and€Function of€Corpora Amylacea in€the€Brain
		4.5	 Polyglucosan Bodies in€Nonhuman Brains
		4.6	 Corpora Amylacea in€Neurodegenerative Brains
		4.7	 Neurodegenerative Disorders with€Polyglucosan Bodies Resulting from€Genetic Defects in€the€Glycogen Metabolism
		4.8	 Concluding Remarks
		References
	5: Signaling of Nociceptors and Pain Perception: Impact of 
Age
		5.1	 Introduction
			5.1.1	 Pain Perception
				5.1.1.1	 Nociceptive Signaling
				5.1.1.2	 Supraspinal Processing of€Pain
				5.1.1.3	 Role of€Inflammatory Mediators and€Ion Channels
				5.1.1.4	 Acute and€Chronic Hyperalgesia
			5.1.2	 Effect of€Age on€Pain (Nociceptor Sensitization)
				5.1.2.1	 Somatosensory Changes in€Nociceptors
				5.1.2.2	 Chronic Pain in€Old Age
					5.1.2.2.1	 Diabetic Neuropathy
					5.1.2.2.2	 Osteoarthritis
					5.1.2.2.3	 Postherpetic Neuralgia
					5.1.2.2.4	 Lower Back Pain
				5.1.2.3	 Pain and€Sociopsychological Factors in€Old Age
					5.1.2.3.1	 Pain Modulation by Emotion
				5.1.2.4	 Treatment
					5.1.2.4.1	 Challenges in€Evaluation of€the€Effects of€Age on€Pain Sensitivity
		5.2	 Future Prospects
		References
	6: Association Between Ageing and REM Sleep Loss: Noradrenaline Acting as 
a Mediator
		6.1	 Introduction
		6.2	 Ageing and€Sleep Disturbances
			6.2.1	 REMS and€Ageing
			6.2.2	 Common Symptoms Associated with€Both Ageing and€REMS Loss
		6.3  Ageing and 
Pathophysiological Changes
			6.3.1	 Metabolic Disorders
			6.3.2	 Neurodegenerative Disorders
			6.3.3	 Immunological Diseases
		6.4	 Molecular Changes in€the€Ageing Brain
			6.4.1	 Changes in€Gene Expression
			6.4.2	 Age-Related Epigenetic Changes
			6.4.3	 REMS Loss-Associated Molecular and€Epigenetic Changes in€the€Brain
		6.5	 Age-Related Changes in€NA Levels
			6.5.1	 REMS Loss-Associated Effects Could be€Induced by€Elevated NA in€the€Brain
		6.6	 Conclusion and€Working Hypothesis/Model
		References
	7: Age-Related Changes in the Human Retina: A Role for 
Oxidative Stress
		7.1	 Introduction
		7.2  Aging Changes in the 
Human Retina
			7.2.1	 The Retinal Pigment Epithelium
			7.2.2	 Photoreceptor Cells
			7.2.3	 Photoreceptor Synaptic Changes
			7.2.4	 Age-Related Loss of€Photoreceptor Cells
			7.2.5	 Age-Related Changes in€the€Inner Retinal Layers
		7.3  Localization of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in 
Human Retina
			7.3.1	 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal (HNE)
			7.3.2	 Nitrotyrosine
		7.4	 Immunohistochemical Localization of€Antioxidant Enzymes in€the€Human Retina
		7.5	 Oxidative Stress in€the€Aging Human Retina
		7.6	 Oxidative Stress Responses in€the€Aging Human Retina
		7.7	 Does Oxidative Stress Affect Vision in€the€Elderly Humans?
		7.8	 Future Research
		References
	8: Aging: Influence on€Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and€Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD)
		8.1	 Introduction
		8.2	 DMD and€BMD
			8.2.1	 Incidence
			8.2.2	 Cause
			8.2.3	 Clinical Symptoms and€Signs
			8.2.4	 Diagnosis
				8.2.4.1	 EMG (Electromyography)
				8.2.4.2	 Blood Enzyme Estimation
				8.2.4.3	 Gene Mutation Analysis
				8.2.4.4	 Histopathological- and€Immunohistochemical-Based Examination
				8.2.4.5	 Metabolomics-Based Possible Diagnostic Approach
			8.2.5	 Aging
				8.2.5.1	 Clinical Symptoms and€Disease Progression
				8.2.5.2	 Pattern of€Muscle Power in€DMD and€BMD
				8.2.5.3	 Cardiac Involvement in€DMD and€BMD
				8.2.5.4	 Central Nervous System Involvement in€DMD and€BMD
				8.2.5.5	 Biochemical Abnormalities in€Body Fluids in€Patients with€DMD and€BMD
				8.2.5.6	 Morphological Abnormalities in€Patients with€DMD and€BMD
				8.2.5.7	 Medication [Corticosteroids (Prednisone and€Deflazacort)] in€DMD and€BMD
				8.2.5.8	 Oxidative Stress in€DMD and€BMD
		References
	9: Mitophagy, Diseases, and€Aging
		9.1	 Introduction
		9.2	 Causes of€Aging
			9.2.1	 Mitochondrial DNA Mutation
			9.2.2	 Oxidative Stress and€ROS
			9.2.3	 Epigenetic Regulation
		9.3	 Mitophagy
		9.4	 Mitophagy and€Aging
		9.5	 Mitophagy and€Senescence
		9.6	 Reversal of€Aging Through€Therapeutic Intervention of€Mitophagy
		9.7	 Conclusion and€Future Prospective
		References
	10: Genetics, Ageing and€Human Health
		10.1	 Introduction
		10.2	 Ageing as€a€Clinical Indication
		10.3	 Alzheimer’s Disease
			10.3.1	 Genetic Basis of Alzheimer’s Disease
			10.3.2	 Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
			10.3.3	 Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
		10.4	 Parkinson Disease (PD)
			10.4.1	 Genetic Heterogeneity of€PD.
		10.5	 Osteoarthritis
			10.5.1	 Genetic Basis
		10.6	 Huntington Disease
		10.7	 Cardiovascular Disease
			10.7.1	 Genetic Basis of€Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation (IVF)
		10.8	 Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease
			10.8.1	 Clinical Feature
			10.8.2	 Molecular Genetics
		References
	11: Genetic Syndromes and€Aging
		11.1	 Background
		11.2	 Premature Aging and€Genetic Syndromes
			11.2.1	 Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS)
			11.2.2	 Cockayne Syndrome (CS)
			11.2.3	 Down Syndrome (DS)
			11.2.4	 Werner Syndrome (WS)
			11.2.5	 Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT)
			11.2.6	 Bloom Syndrome (BS)
			11.2.7	 Fanconi Anemia (FA)
			11.2.8	 Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP)
			11.2.9	 Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome (RTS)
		11.3	 Recapitulation of€Features of€Aging in€Syndromes and€Aging Theories
		11.4	 Conclusion
		References
	12: Role of€Stress and€Hormones of€the€Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis in€Aging
		12.1	 Introduction
		12.2	 The Hypothalamic-Pituitary (HP) Axis
		12.3	 The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis
		12.4	 Cortisol
		12.5	 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and€Its Sulfate (DHEAS)
		12.6	 The HPA Axis Dysregulation in€Chronic Stress and€Aging
		12.7	 Cortisol Dysregulation
			12.7.1	 Animal Studies
			12.7.2	 Human Studies
		12.8	 DHEA/DHEAS Dysregulation
		12.9	 Conclusion
		References
	13: Sex Steroids, Cognate Receptors, and€Aging
		13.1	 Introduction
		13.2	 Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis
		13.3	 Sex Steroid Receptors: Their Nuclear Localization
		13.4	 Androgen Receptor (AR), Androgen Action, and€Aging
			13.4.1	 AR Activity in€the€Liver and€Its Age-Dependent Regulation
			13.4.2	 Androgen Dependence of€Normal Prostate and€Prostatic Diseases of€Old Age
		13.5	 Androgen, Estrogen, and€Aging
			13.5.1	 Testosterone in€Aging Males
			13.5.2	 Estrogen and€Female Aging
		13.6	 Influence of€Sex Steroids on€Diseases Prevalent in€Aging
			13.6.1	 Osteoporosis
			13.6.2	 Sex Steroids and€Sarcopenia (Muscle Loss)
			13.6.3	 Sex Steroids, Cardiovascular Diseases, and€Aging
			13.6.4	 Sex Hormones and€Neuroprotection
			13.6.5	 Testosterone and€Erectile Dysfunction
			13.6.6	 Estrogen and€Skin Aging
		13.7	 Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and€Aging
		13.8	 Discussion and€Conclusion
		References
	14: Immunosenescence, Inflammaging, and€Their Implications for€Cancer and€Anemia
		14.1	 Introduction
		14.2	 Aging and€Innate Immunity
		14.3	 Age-Related Changes in€the€Innate Immune Cells
			14.3.1	 Natural Killer Cells in€Aging
			14.3.2	 Monocytes in€Aging
			14.3.3	 Dendritic Cells in€Aging
			14.3.4	 Macrophages in€Aging
			14.3.5	 Neutrophils in€Aging
			14.3.6	 Mast Cells in€Aging
		14.4	 Aging and€Adaptive Immunity
			14.4.1	 T Lymphocytes in€Aging
			14.4.2	 B Lymphocytes in€Aging
		14.5	 Inflammation: An€Important Component of€Innate Immunity
		14.6	 Chronic Inflammation
		14.7	 Inflammaging
		14.8	 Mast Cells and€Inflammaging
		14.9	 Oxidative Stress: Direct Correlation with€Anemia and€Inflammaging
		14.10	 Critical Interplay of€Mast Cells in€Anemia
		14.11	 Aging and€Cancer
		14.12	 Future Insight for€Inflammaging and€Disease Management: A€Concluding Remark
		References
	15: Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Aging, and€Age-Related Diseases
		15.1	 Introduction
			15.1.1	 Bone Marrow
			15.1.2	 Cellular Components of€Bone Marrow
				15.1.2.1	 Bone Marrow Stem Cells and€Function and€Aging
					15.1.2.1.1	 Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and€Functions
					15.1.2.1.2	 Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and€Aging
					15.1.2.1.3	 Mesenchymal Stem Cells and€Functions
					15.1.2.1.4	 Mesenchymal Stem Cells and€Aging
					15.1.2.1.5	 Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells (MAPCs), Functions, and€Aging
					15.1.2.1.6	 Bone Marrow Stromal Cells: Functions and€Aging
					15.1.2.1.7	 Bone Marrow Niche and€Functions
					15.1.2.1.8	 Bone Marrow and€Aging
			15.1.3	 Soluble Components of€Bone Marrow
		15.2	 Aging
			15.2.1	 Axis or Theory of€Aging with€Respect to€Bone Marrow/Stem Cells
				15.2.1.1	 Stem Cell Theory of€Aging
				15.2.1.2	 Gene Expression Changes
				15.2.1.3	 Epigenetic Mechanisms
				15.2.1.4	 ROS Affects HSC Aging
				15.2.1.5	 Metabolic Pathways in€Aging
				15.2.1.6	 Telomeres and€Aging
		15.3	 Aging- and€Bone Marrow-Related Diseases
			15.3.1	 Cancer
			15.3.2	 Altered B Lymphopoiesis
			15.3.3	 Osteoporosis
			15.3.4	 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
		15.4	 Bone Marrow Therapy in€Age-Related Diseases
			15.4.1	 Bone Marrow Transplantation
				15.4.1.1	 Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
				15.4.1.2	 Osteoporosis
				15.4.1.3	 Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
				15.4.1.4	 Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy for€AMD
		15.5	 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Interventions for Healthy Aging
	16: Infantile Radiation and€Aging Stresses: Effects of€Calorie and€Dietary Restrictions
		16.1	 Introduction
		16.2	 Effect of€Adult-Onset CR on€the€Life€Span and€Lifetime Cancer Risk After€Early-Life Exposure to€Ionizing Radiation
			16.2.1	 Animal Models
			16.2.2	 Cancer Prevention Effects of€Adult-Onset CR on€Childhood Exposure to€Radiation
			16.2.3	 Mechanism of€CR Effect on€Cancer Prevention
		16.3	 Effect of€CR/DR Initiated During€Old Age on€Life€Span and€Selected Aging Parameters
			16.3.1	 Effect of€CR/DR Initiated from€Old Age on€Life€Span of€Animals
			16.3.2	 Effect of€CR/DR Initiated from€Old Age on€Parameters Known to€Change with€Age
		References
	17: Mechanisms and€Late-Life Intervention of€Aging
		17.1	 Introduction
			17.1.1	 Definition and€Hallmarks of€Aging
			17.1.2	 Animal Models of€Human Physiological Aging
			17.1.3	 Physiological vs. Pathological Models of€Aging
			17.1.4	 Private and€Public Mechanisms of€Aging
		17.2	 Intervention in€Aging
			17.2.1	 A Note on€Pharmacological Intervention by€Defined Chemicals
			17.2.2	 Intervention by Dietary or Caloric Restriction
			17.2.3	 Regular Exercise
		17.3	 Concluding Notes and€Perspectives
		References
	18: Healthy Ageing and€Cancer in€Humans
		18.1	 Introduction
		18.2	 What Is the€Purpose of€Human Life?
		18.3	 Environmental Exposure and€Human Diseases Including€Cancer
		18.4	 Genomic Alterations and€Neoplastic Transformation
		18.5	 Cancer Is Not a€New Disease
		18.6	 Lifestyle and€Cancer
		18.7	 Modern (Allopathy) and€Ancient (Ayurveda, Yoga, and€Pranayama) Modalities in€Cancer Management
		18.8	 Evidence-Based Cancer Prevention
		18.9	 Frequently Asked Biological Questions About Cancer
		18.10	 More Females in€Animal and€Cell Line Are Needed in€Biomedical Research
		18.11	 Cancer and€Ageing-Related Unanswered Questions
		18.12	 Conclusions
		References
	19: Nutrition for€Elderly
		19.1	 Introduction
		19.2	 WHO Guidelines
		19.3	 Elderly Women Health
		19.4	 Common Ailments in€the€Elderly
			19.4.1	 Food-Related Factors and€Ageing
		19.5	 Dietary Guidelines
			19.5.1	 Meal Planning
		19.6	 Body Weight and€Metabolism
		19.7	 Can Nutrition Modulate the€Ageing Process?
		19.8	 Dietary Restriction
		References
	20: Care of€Older Persons in€India: Scope of€Policy and€Technology Tools
		20.1	 Introduction
		20.2	 State Interventions
		20.3	 Policies and€Programs on€Older Persons in€India
			20.3.1	 National Policy on€Older Persons
			20.3.2	 National Program of€Healthcare for€the€Elderly
		20.4	 Social Welfare System Functioning in€Supporting Older Persons
		20.5	 Assessing the€Problem: National Sample Surveys
		20.6	 Home Care and€Long-Term Care
		20.7	 Application of€Technology in€Home Care/Long-Term Care
		20.8	 Future of€Health and€Long-Term Care of€Older Persons in€India
		References




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