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ویرایش: 1st ed. 2019
نویسندگان: Pramod C. Rath (editor)
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9811335842, 9789811335846
ناشر: Springer
سال نشر: 2019
تعداد صفحات: 434
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 5 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology: Physiological Abnormalities, Diseases and Interventions به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب مدل ها ، مولکول ها و مکانیزم ها در بیوگرنتولوژی: ناهنجاری های فیزیولوژیکی ، بیماری ها و مداخلات نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
این کتاب مکانیسم های سلولی و مولکولی اساسی مرتبط با پیری را بررسی می کند. این به طور جامع تنظیم ژنتیکی، اپی ژنتیکی، بیوشیمیایی و متابولیک پیری و همچنین برخی از بیماری های مهم مرتبط با سن را توصیف می کند. این کتاب که به دو بخش عمده تقسیم میشود، خوانندگان را با جنبههای مختلف پیری به شیوهای داستانگونه آشنا میکند و مداخلات مختلفی را برای پیری سالم پیشنهاد میکند، مانند محدودیت رژیم غذایی، ورزش منظم، تغذیه و حفظ یک سبک زندگی متعادل و بدون استرس. این پیامدهای پیری را بر سیستم عصبی، متابولیسم، ایمنی و سلولهای بنیادی و همچنین مراقبت از سالمندان توصیف میکند. این کتاب یک همراه ایده آل برای محققان جدید و تازه کار در این زمینه است و همچنین برای مربیان، پزشکان و سیاست گذاران مفید است.
This book examines the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with aging. It comprehensively describes the genetic, epigenetic, biochemical and metabolic regulation of aging, as well as some important age-related diseases. Divided into two major sections, it takes readers through the various aspects of aging in a story-like manner and suggests various interventions for healthy aging, such as dietary restriction, regular exercise, nutrition and maintaining a balanced and a non-stressful lifestyle. It describes the implications of aging on the nervous system, metabolism, immunity and stem cells as well as care for the elderly. The book is an ideal companion for both new and established researchers in the field and is also useful for educators, clinicians and policy makers.
Preface Contents About the Editor Part I: Alterations in Nervous System, Genes, Hormones and Immunity During Aging 1: Neurological Problems of the Elderly 1.1 Stroke 1.2 Dementia 1.3 Parkinson’s Disease (PD) 1.4 Chronic Subdural Haematoma (CSDH) 1.5 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) 1.6 Hyponatraemia 1.7 Spondylosis 1.8 Conclusion References 2: Molecular Marker and Therapeutic Regimen for Neurodegenerative Diseases 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Alzheimer’s Disease 2.3 Markers for Alzheimer’s Disease 2.3.1 Aβ42 2.3.2 Total Tau and€p-Tau 2.3.3 MicroRNAs 2.3.4 p97/Melanotransferrin (Mtf) 2.3.5 Sirtuin 2.3.6 Sestrin 2.3.7 Plasma Phospholipids 2.3.8 5-Lipoxygenase 2.3.9 ApoE 2.4 Parkinson’s Disease 2.5 Markers for Parkinson’s disease 2.5.1 α-Synuclein 2.5.2 Protein Deglycase (DJ-1) 2.5.3 Uric Acid 2.5.4 ApoA1 2.5.5 MicroRNAs 2.5.6 Parkin Gene 2.6 Conclusion References 3: Neurodegeneration During Aging: The Role of Oxidative Stress Through Epigenetic Modifications 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Aging and Oxidative Stress 3.2.1 Ca2+ Regulation, ROS Generation, and DNA Damage 3.2.2 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis 3.3 Oxidative Stress and Epigenetic Modification 3.4 Aging and€Antioxidants 3.4.1 Antioxidant Enzymes 3.4.2 Antioxidant Vitamins 3.4.3 Antioxidant Phytochemicals 3.5 Conclusion References 4: Polyglucosan Bodies in Aged Brain and Neurodegeneration: Cause or Consequence? 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Polyglucosan Bodies: A€Historical Perspective 4.3 Characteristic Features of€Polyglucosan Bodies in€Nervous System 4.4 Hypothesis on€the€Origin and€Function of€Corpora Amylacea in€the€Brain 4.5 Polyglucosan Bodies in€Nonhuman Brains 4.6 Corpora Amylacea in€Neurodegenerative Brains 4.7 Neurodegenerative Disorders with€Polyglucosan Bodies Resulting from€Genetic Defects in€the€Glycogen Metabolism 4.8 Concluding Remarks References 5: Signaling of Nociceptors and Pain Perception: Impact of Age 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Pain Perception 5.1.1.1 Nociceptive Signaling 5.1.1.2 Supraspinal Processing of€Pain 5.1.1.3 Role of€Inflammatory Mediators and€Ion Channels 5.1.1.4 Acute and€Chronic Hyperalgesia 5.1.2 Effect of€Age on€Pain (Nociceptor Sensitization) 5.1.2.1 Somatosensory Changes in€Nociceptors 5.1.2.2 Chronic Pain in€Old Age 5.1.2.2.1 Diabetic Neuropathy 5.1.2.2.2 Osteoarthritis 5.1.2.2.3 Postherpetic Neuralgia 5.1.2.2.4 Lower Back Pain 5.1.2.3 Pain and€Sociopsychological Factors in€Old Age 5.1.2.3.1 Pain Modulation by Emotion 5.1.2.4 Treatment 5.1.2.4.1 Challenges in€Evaluation of€the€Effects of€Age on€Pain Sensitivity 5.2 Future Prospects References 6: Association Between Ageing and REM Sleep Loss: Noradrenaline Acting as a Mediator 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Ageing and€Sleep Disturbances 6.2.1 REMS and€Ageing 6.2.2 Common Symptoms Associated with€Both Ageing and€REMS Loss 6.3 Ageing and Pathophysiological Changes 6.3.1 Metabolic Disorders 6.3.2 Neurodegenerative Disorders 6.3.3 Immunological Diseases 6.4 Molecular Changes in€the€Ageing Brain 6.4.1 Changes in€Gene Expression 6.4.2 Age-Related Epigenetic Changes 6.4.3 REMS Loss-Associated Molecular and€Epigenetic Changes in€the€Brain 6.5 Age-Related Changes in€NA Levels 6.5.1 REMS Loss-Associated Effects Could be€Induced by€Elevated NA in€the€Brain 6.6 Conclusion and€Working Hypothesis/Model References 7: Age-Related Changes in the Human Retina: A Role for Oxidative Stress 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Aging Changes in the Human Retina 7.2.1 The Retinal Pigment Epithelium 7.2.2 Photoreceptor Cells 7.2.3 Photoreceptor Synaptic Changes 7.2.4 Age-Related Loss of€Photoreceptor Cells 7.2.5 Age-Related Changes in€the€Inner Retinal Layers 7.3 Localization of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Human Retina 7.3.1 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal (HNE) 7.3.2 Nitrotyrosine 7.4 Immunohistochemical Localization of€Antioxidant Enzymes in€the€Human Retina 7.5 Oxidative Stress in€the€Aging Human Retina 7.6 Oxidative Stress Responses in€the€Aging Human Retina 7.7 Does Oxidative Stress Affect Vision in€the€Elderly Humans? 7.8 Future Research References 8: Aging: Influence on€Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and€Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) 8.1 Introduction 8.2 DMD and€BMD 8.2.1 Incidence 8.2.2 Cause 8.2.3 Clinical Symptoms and€Signs 8.2.4 Diagnosis 8.2.4.1 EMG (Electromyography) 8.2.4.2 Blood Enzyme Estimation 8.2.4.3 Gene Mutation Analysis 8.2.4.4 Histopathological- and€Immunohistochemical-Based Examination 8.2.4.5 Metabolomics-Based Possible Diagnostic Approach 8.2.5 Aging 8.2.5.1 Clinical Symptoms and€Disease Progression 8.2.5.2 Pattern of€Muscle Power in€DMD and€BMD 8.2.5.3 Cardiac Involvement in€DMD and€BMD 8.2.5.4 Central Nervous System Involvement in€DMD and€BMD 8.2.5.5 Biochemical Abnormalities in€Body Fluids in€Patients with€DMD and€BMD 8.2.5.6 Morphological Abnormalities in€Patients with€DMD and€BMD 8.2.5.7 Medication [Corticosteroids (Prednisone and€Deflazacort)] in€DMD and€BMD 8.2.5.8 Oxidative Stress in€DMD and€BMD References 9: Mitophagy, Diseases, and€Aging 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Causes of€Aging 9.2.1 Mitochondrial DNA Mutation 9.2.2 Oxidative Stress and€ROS 9.2.3 Epigenetic Regulation 9.3 Mitophagy 9.4 Mitophagy and€Aging 9.5 Mitophagy and€Senescence 9.6 Reversal of€Aging Through€Therapeutic Intervention of€Mitophagy 9.7 Conclusion and€Future Prospective References 10: Genetics, Ageing and€Human Health 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Ageing as€a€Clinical Indication 10.3 Alzheimer’s Disease 10.3.1 Genetic Basis of Alzheimer’s Disease 10.3.2 Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease 10.3.3 Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease 10.4 Parkinson Disease (PD) 10.4.1 Genetic Heterogeneity of€PD. 10.5 Osteoarthritis 10.5.1 Genetic Basis 10.6 Huntington Disease 10.7 Cardiovascular Disease 10.7.1 Genetic Basis of€Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation (IVF) 10.8 Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease 10.8.1 Clinical Feature 10.8.2 Molecular Genetics References 11: Genetic Syndromes and€Aging 11.1 Background 11.2 Premature Aging and€Genetic Syndromes 11.2.1 Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) 11.2.2 Cockayne Syndrome (CS) 11.2.3 Down Syndrome (DS) 11.2.4 Werner Syndrome (WS) 11.2.5 Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT) 11.2.6 Bloom Syndrome (BS) 11.2.7 Fanconi Anemia (FA) 11.2.8 Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) 11.2.9 Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome (RTS) 11.3 Recapitulation of€Features of€Aging in€Syndromes and€Aging Theories 11.4 Conclusion References 12: Role of€Stress and€Hormones of€the€Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis in€Aging 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The Hypothalamic-Pituitary (HP) Axis 12.3 The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis 12.4 Cortisol 12.5 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and€Its Sulfate (DHEAS) 12.6 The HPA Axis Dysregulation in€Chronic Stress and€Aging 12.7 Cortisol Dysregulation 12.7.1 Animal Studies 12.7.2 Human Studies 12.8 DHEA/DHEAS Dysregulation 12.9 Conclusion References 13: Sex Steroids, Cognate Receptors, and€Aging 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis 13.3 Sex Steroid Receptors: Their Nuclear Localization 13.4 Androgen Receptor (AR), Androgen Action, and€Aging 13.4.1 AR Activity in€the€Liver and€Its Age-Dependent Regulation 13.4.2 Androgen Dependence of€Normal Prostate and€Prostatic Diseases of€Old Age 13.5 Androgen, Estrogen, and€Aging 13.5.1 Testosterone in€Aging Males 13.5.2 Estrogen and€Female Aging 13.6 Influence of€Sex Steroids on€Diseases Prevalent in€Aging 13.6.1 Osteoporosis 13.6.2 Sex Steroids and€Sarcopenia (Muscle Loss) 13.6.3 Sex Steroids, Cardiovascular Diseases, and€Aging 13.6.4 Sex Hormones and€Neuroprotection 13.6.5 Testosterone and€Erectile Dysfunction 13.6.6 Estrogen and€Skin Aging 13.7 Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and€Aging 13.8 Discussion and€Conclusion References 14: Immunosenescence, Inflammaging, and€Their Implications for€Cancer and€Anemia 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Aging and€Innate Immunity 14.3 Age-Related Changes in€the€Innate Immune Cells 14.3.1 Natural Killer Cells in€Aging 14.3.2 Monocytes in€Aging 14.3.3 Dendritic Cells in€Aging 14.3.4 Macrophages in€Aging 14.3.5 Neutrophils in€Aging 14.3.6 Mast Cells in€Aging 14.4 Aging and€Adaptive Immunity 14.4.1 T Lymphocytes in€Aging 14.4.2 B Lymphocytes in€Aging 14.5 Inflammation: An€Important Component of€Innate Immunity 14.6 Chronic Inflammation 14.7 Inflammaging 14.8 Mast Cells and€Inflammaging 14.9 Oxidative Stress: Direct Correlation with€Anemia and€Inflammaging 14.10 Critical Interplay of€Mast Cells in€Anemia 14.11 Aging and€Cancer 14.12 Future Insight for€Inflammaging and€Disease Management: A€Concluding Remark References 15: Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Aging, and€Age-Related Diseases 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 Bone Marrow 15.1.2 Cellular Components of€Bone Marrow 15.1.2.1 Bone Marrow Stem Cells and€Function and€Aging 15.1.2.1.1 Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and€Functions 15.1.2.1.2 Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and€Aging 15.1.2.1.3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells and€Functions 15.1.2.1.4 Mesenchymal Stem Cells and€Aging 15.1.2.1.5 Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells (MAPCs), Functions, and€Aging 15.1.2.1.6 Bone Marrow Stromal Cells: Functions and€Aging 15.1.2.1.7 Bone Marrow Niche and€Functions 15.1.2.1.8 Bone Marrow and€Aging 15.1.3 Soluble Components of€Bone Marrow 15.2 Aging 15.2.1 Axis or Theory of€Aging with€Respect to€Bone Marrow/Stem Cells 15.2.1.1 Stem Cell Theory of€Aging 15.2.1.2 Gene Expression Changes 15.2.1.3 Epigenetic Mechanisms 15.2.1.4 ROS Affects HSC Aging 15.2.1.5 Metabolic Pathways in€Aging 15.2.1.6 Telomeres and€Aging 15.3 Aging- and€Bone Marrow-Related Diseases 15.3.1 Cancer 15.3.2 Altered B Lymphopoiesis 15.3.3 Osteoporosis 15.3.4 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) 15.4 Bone Marrow Therapy in€Age-Related Diseases 15.4.1 Bone Marrow Transplantation 15.4.1.1 Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) 15.4.1.2 Osteoporosis 15.4.1.3 Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) 15.4.1.4 Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy for€AMD 15.5 Conclusion References Part II: Interventions for Healthy Aging 16: Infantile Radiation and€Aging Stresses: Effects of€Calorie and€Dietary Restrictions 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Effect of€Adult-Onset CR on€the€Life€Span and€Lifetime Cancer Risk After€Early-Life Exposure to€Ionizing Radiation 16.2.1 Animal Models 16.2.2 Cancer Prevention Effects of€Adult-Onset CR on€Childhood Exposure to€Radiation 16.2.3 Mechanism of€CR Effect on€Cancer Prevention 16.3 Effect of€CR/DR Initiated During€Old Age on€Life€Span and€Selected Aging Parameters 16.3.1 Effect of€CR/DR Initiated from€Old Age on€Life€Span of€Animals 16.3.2 Effect of€CR/DR Initiated from€Old Age on€Parameters Known to€Change with€Age References 17: Mechanisms and€Late-Life Intervention of€Aging 17.1 Introduction 17.1.1 Definition and€Hallmarks of€Aging 17.1.2 Animal Models of€Human Physiological Aging 17.1.3 Physiological vs. Pathological Models of€Aging 17.1.4 Private and€Public Mechanisms of€Aging 17.2 Intervention in€Aging 17.2.1 A Note on€Pharmacological Intervention by€Defined Chemicals 17.2.2 Intervention by Dietary or Caloric Restriction 17.2.3 Regular Exercise 17.3 Concluding Notes and€Perspectives References 18: Healthy Ageing and€Cancer in€Humans 18.1 Introduction 18.2 What Is the€Purpose of€Human Life? 18.3 Environmental Exposure and€Human Diseases Including€Cancer 18.4 Genomic Alterations and€Neoplastic Transformation 18.5 Cancer Is Not a€New Disease 18.6 Lifestyle and€Cancer 18.7 Modern (Allopathy) and€Ancient (Ayurveda, Yoga, and€Pranayama) Modalities in€Cancer Management 18.8 Evidence-Based Cancer Prevention 18.9 Frequently Asked Biological Questions About Cancer 18.10 More Females in€Animal and€Cell Line Are Needed in€Biomedical Research 18.11 Cancer and€Ageing-Related Unanswered Questions 18.12 Conclusions References 19: Nutrition for€Elderly 19.1 Introduction 19.2 WHO Guidelines 19.3 Elderly Women Health 19.4 Common Ailments in€the€Elderly 19.4.1 Food-Related Factors and€Ageing 19.5 Dietary Guidelines 19.5.1 Meal Planning 19.6 Body Weight and€Metabolism 19.7 Can Nutrition Modulate the€Ageing Process? 19.8 Dietary Restriction References 20: Care of€Older Persons in€India: Scope of€Policy and€Technology Tools 20.1 Introduction 20.2 State Interventions 20.3 Policies and€Programs on€Older Persons in€India 20.3.1 National Policy on€Older Persons 20.3.2 National Program of€Healthcare for€the€Elderly 20.4 Social Welfare System Functioning in€Supporting Older Persons 20.5 Assessing the€Problem: National Sample Surveys 20.6 Home Care and€Long-Term Care 20.7 Application of€Technology in€Home Care/Long-Term Care 20.8 Future of€Health and€Long-Term Care of€Older Persons in€India References