Minorities and Minority Rights in Turkey: From the Ottoman Empire to the Present State (Power and Human Rights)

Cover\nSeries page\nTitle page\nCopyright page\nDedication\nContents\nTables and Figures\nPreface\nCh1- Ethnic and Religious Minorities: A Conceptual Framework\n	KEY CONCEPTS\n		The Definition of Minority and Related Concepts\n		Empire, National State, Nation-State\n		Minority Policies of the State: Recognition, Assimilation, and Cleansing\n	STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK\n	Notes\nCh2- Minorities in the Ottoman Empire\n	MINORITIES IN THE MILLET SYSTEM\n		The Minority Issue in the Early Islam Period\n		The Millet System\n	THE PROTECTION OF MINORITIES IN EUROPE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE OTTOMANS\n		The Protection of Christian Minorities in the Ottoman Empire\n		The Protection of Muslim Minoritiesin the Former Ottoman Territories in the Balkans\n	Notes\nCh3- Minorities in the Republic of Turkey\n	“OFFICIAL” MINORITIES IN TURKEY: NON-MUSLIMS\n		The “Big Three”\n			Armenians\n			Jews\n			Rums\n				Figure 3.1 Number of Students in Rum Schools, 1920–2009\n		Non-Muslim Minorities Overlooked by the State\n			Antiochian/Arab Greek Orthodox Christians\n			Syriacs\n			Other Non-Muslims\n	OTHER MINORITIES IN TURKEY ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS\n		Arabs\n		Alevis\n		Peoples from the Balkans and the Caucasus\n		Kurds\n		Roma People (Gypsies)\n	Notes\nCh4- Turkey’s Obligations Under International Law\n	THE ERA OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS\n		Examining the Concept of Minorities Introduced by the Lausanne Treaty\n		Examining Minority Rights Introduced by the Lausanne Treaty\n		The Lausanne Treaty as a Human Rights Document: Articles 39/4 and 39/5\n		Common Myths in Turkey About the Lausanne Treaty\n	THE ERA OF THE UNITED NATIONS\n		The UN Conventions and Turkey’s Reservations and Interpretations\n		Regional Organizations and Turkey\n	Notes\nCh5- Minorities in Turkey’s Laws and Legal Structures\n	THE LEGISLATIVE AND THE EXECUTIVE POWERS\n		Nation, State, Language: Formulations in the Constitution and Laws\n		The Problem of Defining the Citizen and the Turk\n		Table 5.1 Mustafa Kemal Pasha’s Choice of Words Before and After the Republic\n	THE JUDICIARY\n		The Constitutional Court: Decisions to Close Kurdish Parties\n		The 1936 Declaration and Its Implementation\n	Notes\nCh6- Legislative Reforms, Resistance, and Reversals\n	RADICAL REFORMS REGARDING MINORITIES\n		Constitutional Amendments\n		The EU Harmonization Packages\n	IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REFORMS UNTIL 2016\n		Practices Related to Non-Muslim Minorities\n		Implementations Related to the Kurdish Issue\n	CONDITIONS AFTER THE 2016 DECLARATION OF OHAL\n		The Situation Pertaining to All Citizens\n		The Situation Concerning the Kurds\n	Notes\nCh7- The Ideological Foundations of Repression and Discrimination\n	THE MENTALITY REGARDING MINORITIES, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND DEMOCRACY\n		Defining Citizenship, Nationality, Sub- and Supra-Identities\n		The Ideology of the Turkish Nation-State: Nationalism and Turkish-Islamic Synthesis\n		Figure 7.1 The Supra-Identity and Sub-Identities in the Ottoman Empire\n		Figure 7.2 The Supra-Identity and Sub-Identities in the Republic of Turkey\n		The AKP’s Ideology: Islamism and the Islamic-Turkish Synthesis\n	HATE SPEECH, HATE CRIMES, AND DISCRIMINATION\n		Hate Speech and Hate Crimes\n		The Regulation of Hatred and Discrimination in Turkey’s Laws\n		Turkey’s International Obligations Regarding Hate and Discrimination\n		Incidents of Hate and Discrimination and Related Lawsuits in Turkey\n	Notes\nCh8- The Implications of Persistent Rights Violations\n	THE BASIC APPROACH: “MINORITIES UPSET THE COHESION OF THE STATE AND OF THE NATION”\n		Multiple and Layered Mechanisms\n		Outcomes of the Basic Approach\n	MODERNIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN TURKEY: THREE WAVES AND PROBLEMS\n		Table 8.1 The Three Waves of Modernization in Turkey: A Comparative Summary\n		A Double Contradiction—Entangled Kemalists and Islamists\n		A Cacophony of Herodians and Zealots\n	Notes\nAcronyms\nBibliography\nIndex\nAbout the Book