In this brilliant study, Thomas Pfau argues that the loss
of foundational concepts in classical and medieval
Aristotelian philosophy caused a fateful separation between
reason and will in European thought. Pfau traces the
evolution and eventual deterioration of key concepts of
human agencywill, person, judgment, actionfrom antiquity
through Scholasticism and on to eighteenth-century moral
theory and its critical revision in the works of Samuel
Taylor Coleridge. Featuring extended critical discussions
of Aristotle, Gnosticism, Augustine, Aquinas, Ockham,
Hobbes, Shaftesbury, Mandeville, Hutcheson, Hume, Adam
Smith, and Coleridge, this study contends that humanistic
concepts they seek to elucidate acquire meaning and
significance only inasmuch as we are prepared positively to
engage (rather than historicize) their previous usages.
Beginning with the rise of theological (and, eventually,
secular) voluntarism, modern thought appears increasingly
reluctant and, in time unable to engage the deep history of
its own underlying conceptions, thus leaving our
understanding of the nature and function of humanistic
inquiry increasingly frayed and incoherent. One consequence
of this shift is to leave the moral self-expression of
intellectual elites and ordinary citizens alike stunted,
which in turn has fueled the widespread notion that moral
and ethical concerns are but a special branch of inquiry
largely determined by opinion rather than dialogical
reasoning, judgment, and practice.
A clear sign of this regression is the present crisis in
the study of the humanities, whose role is overwhelmingly
conceived (and negatively appraised) in terms of scientific
theories, methods, and objectives. The ultimate
casualty of this reductionism has been the very idea
of personhood and the disappearance of an adequate ethical
language. Minding the Modern is not merely a chapter
in the history of ideas; it is a thorough phenomenological
and metaphysical study of the roots of today's
predicaments.
[A] learned, deeply important, and accomplished study . .
. that calls upon a set of interpretive and communal
traditions that, far from being fossilized, contain radical
and renovating power, but whose power can be called on,
extended, elaborated, and applied to the present and future
only if one knows that those traditions can and do remain
alive and available, and that we ignore or pronounce them
'past' at our peril. The sweep and comprehensiveness of the
work are remarkable. This is not a history of philosophy at
all. It is a call for us to rededicate ourselves to a
serious, demanding practice of humanistic studies.”
James Engell, Gurney Professor of English and Professor
of Comparative Literature, Harvard University
"Minding the Modern is comparable to Alasdair
MacIntyre’s Whose Justice? Which Rationality? and
Charles Taylor’s A Secular Age. With extraordinary
erudition, Pfau locates the philosophical developments that
contributed to the agony of the modern mind. Moreover, he
helps us see why many who exemplify that intellectual
stance do not recognize their own despair. Suffice it to
say, this is an immensely important book that hopefully
will be read widely and across the disciplines."
Stanley Hauerwas, Gilbert T. Rowe Professor of
Theological Ethics, Duke Divinity School