Military Geoscience: Bridging History to Current Operations (Advances in Military Geosciences)

Contents\nChapter 1: Introduction: Geosciences Supporting and Analyzing Military Operations\n	References\nChapter 2: Improvement in German Military Geology from the Napoleonic Wars to First World War\n	Introduction\n	Johann Samuel von Gruner: Founder of Military Geology\n	Walter Kranz: Father of German Military Geology in Early Twentieth Century\n	References\nChapter 3: The Battle of Big Hole (Montana, USA, 1877): History, Archaeology, GIS, and Military Terrain Analysis\n	Introduction\n	The Battle of Big Hole\n	Methodology\n	Results\n	Sniper in Twin Trees\n	Mountain Howitzer\n	Discussion\n	Conclusion\n	References\nChapter 4: The Influence of Physical Geography on the Outcome of the Battle of Spioenkop During the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902\n	Military Geoscientists and the Influence of Geographical Factors on Battles\n	The Anglo-Boer War\n	The Battle of Spioenkop\n	The Geographical Factors that Influenced the Battle\n		Lack of Adequate Terrain Intelligence and Maps Constricted Reconnaissance\n		The Thick Fog that Obscured the True Nature of the Battlefield from the British\n		The Rains and Dark Night that Sapped the Energy of the Attackers\n		The Inability of the British Artillery to Engage the Boer Guns\n	Conclusions\n	References\nChapter 5: Military Geoscientific Materials for Excursions to Theatres of First World War in France and Belgium\n	Introduction\n	From Mobile Warfare to the “Trench War”\n	Military Geology of the “Trench War”\n		Verdun\n		Flanders\n	References\nChapter 6: The Cadore Offensive: Theoretical Military Geography Considerations\n	Introduction\n	Cadorna’s Theoretical Military Geography Assessment of the Central Zone of Operations (Cadore)\n	Historical-Geographical Framework of the Area Relevant to the Cadore Offensive\n		Geology and Tectonics\n		Transportation Infrastructure\n	Theoretical Military Geography Considerations Relevant to the Cadore Offensive\n		Small Scale\n		Medium Scale\n		Large Scale\n	Logistical Considerations of the Cadore Offensive\n	Results\n	Discussion\n	Conclusions\n	Bibliography\nChapter 7: “Trenches in the Ocean”: Geography and the Russian Defense of the Baltic Sea, 1912–1917\n	Works Cited\nChapter 8: Fort Eben-Emael: Geographic Pivot of the Western Front, 1940\n	Introduction\n		The Geographic Pivot\n		The Loss of Eben-Emael: Prelude to Military Disaster\n	Background\n		Case Yellow\n		Belgium’s Geographic Predicament\n	The Evolution of Fort Eben-Emael\n		Genesis of the New Albert Line and Fort Eben-Emael\n		Geography of Fort Eben-Emael\n	Glider Assault: 10 May 1940\n	Summary and Conclusions\n	References\nChapter 9: Early Virtual Reality Simulators for the Fleet Air Arm and Royal Navy\n	Introduction\n	Early Flight Simulators\n	The Crail Prototype\n	How the Virtual Environment Was Achieved\n	Development of Other Simulators\n	TAT: Submarine\n	Operational Crew Trainer\n	Comparison of TAT (Aircraft) with Modern Simulators\n	Conclusion\n	References\nChapter 10: The 1968–1973 Egyptian Army Field Preparations for Crossing the Suez Canal and the Conflict Between Israel Defense Forces Intelligence Research Units\n	Introduction\n		Geographic Intelligence and Balancing Between Intelligence Disciplines\n		Aim of this Paper\n	Background\n		Geography and History of the Suez Canal\n		Egyptian Fortification Along the Suez Canal\n		War of Attrition and the Egyptian Response to the “Bar-Lev Line”\n	IDF Intelligence Section 1 Organizational Structure and Geographic Intelligence Research Methods\n	Geographic Intelligence Concerning Egypt’s Plans for a Canal Crossing\n		Background\n		Road Networks\n		Underwater Passages on the Sweet Water Canal\n		Road Descents and Crossing Platforms\n		Parallel-Pair Assault Revetment Construction\n		Assault Revetments for Canal Crossing Equipment\n	Pre-1973 Discoveries of Egyptian Engineering War Preparations\n		Tank Ramps on the Canal’s Embankments\n		Drinking Water Pipe Layouts\n		Egyptian Army Training for the Crossing\n		Egyptian War Preparations on the Home Front\n	Discussing and Disseminating Geographic Intelligence\n		The First Four Spatial Finds Lead to an Organizational Feud\n		The Debate over Egyptian Readiness for a Canal Crossing\n		Egyptian Army Preparations for Offensive Crossing of the Suez Canal\n	Discussion and Conclusions\n	References\nChapter 11: The Role of Terrain and Terrain Analysis on Military Operations in the Late Twentieth to Early Twenty-First Century: A Case Study of Selected IDF Battles\n	Introduction\n	Methodology\n	Results\n		Positive Impacts of Terrain Analysis on Battles\n		Terrain Analysis Is Not Always Produced\n		Terrain Analysis and Strategic and Political Implications\n		Terrain as Force Majeure\n	Discussion\n		Terrain Trends in Guerrilla Warfare Engagement\n		Current Considerations for Terrain Analysis\n		In a Conceptual Model\n	Conclusions and Outlook\n	References\nChapter 12: Passive Seismic Survey of Sediment Thickness, Dasht-e-Nawar Basin, Eastern Afghanistan\n	Introduction\n	Methods and Equipment\n	Results\n	Discussion\n	References\nChapter 13: Silver Bullets and the Paradox of Plenty: Natural Resource Development in Afghanistan\n	Introduction\n	The Paradox of Plenty\n	The Paradox in Recent History\n	Foundations for Success\n	Natural Resource Sector Development in Afghanistan\n	Plugging the Gap\n	Summary\n	Conclusions\n	References\nChapter 14: The Need for Geoscience Inputs in Civil Military Planning and Response\n	Introduction\n	Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change\n	Civil Military Planning and Response\n	Needs for Geosciences in Recent UK Policy and Strategy\n	Needs for Geosciences in Recent NATO Policy and Strategy\n	Needs for Geoscience in Recent UN Policy and Strategy\n	Duration of Involvement\n	Discussion\n	Conclusions\n	References\nChapter 15: Insurgency and the City\n	Introduction\n	Cities in Insurgencies\n	The City as an Insurgent Operating Environment\n	Conclusion\n	References\nIndex