Migration of Freshwater Fishes

Cover......Page 1
Book......Page 2
Migration of Freshwater Fishes......Page 6
Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 16
Acknowledgements......Page 18
1.1 Introduction......Page 22
1.2 Fish migration – from phenomenology to functional biology......Page 25
1.2.1 Environment-related criteria and definitions......Page 26
1.2.2 Diadromy and types of diadromous migrations......Page 27
1.2.3 Superimposed migratory patterns: added complexity or just simple adaptive responses?......Page 29
1.2.4 From adaptation to the migration continuum concept: do scale and salinity matter when defining migration?......Page 30
1.2.5 From the restricted movement paradigm towards a general definition of migration......Page 33
2.1 Introduction......Page 35
2.2 Stimuli for migration......Page 36
2.2.1 Internal factors......Page 37
2.2.2 External factors......Page 46
2.3 The capacity for migration......Page 59
2.3.1 Overview of muscle structure and function......Page 60
2.3.2 Swimming performance: how fast can a fish swim?......Page 61
2.3.3 Relationships between swimming speed and endurance......Page 62
2.3.4 A metabolic approach to swimming costs......Page 64
2.3.5 How far can a fish migrate?......Page 66
2.3.6 Constraints on early and late migrants......Page 68
2.3.7 Implications of migration costs on size at first sexual maturity: when time matters......Page 70
2.3.8 A tentative synthesis and conclusion......Page 71
2.4 Piloting, orientation and navigation......Page 73
2.4.2 Celestial cues......Page 76
2.4.3 Currents......Page 78
2.4.5 Olfaction and gustation......Page 79
2.4.6 Other cues......Page 80
2.4.7 Homing, memory and imprinting......Page 82
3.1 Introduction......Page 87
3.2.1 Feeding migrations......Page 88
3.2.2 Refuge-seeking migrations......Page 96
3.2.3 Spawning migrations......Page 102
3.2.4 Post-displacement movements, recolonisation and exploratory migration......Page 105
3.3 Diel horizontal and vertical migrations......Page 108
4.1 Introduction......Page 114
4.2 Arctic and subarctic regions......Page 115
4.3 Temperate regions......Page 120
4.4.1 Introduction......Page 128
4.4.2 Setting the scene: what makes tropical freshwater systems similar or different to those of temperate areas?......Page 129
4.4.3 Infiuences of predation pressure on fish migrations......Page 133
4.4.4 Infiuence of dissolved oxygen on fish migrations......Page 136
4.4.5 Other environmental factors shaping habitat use and seasonal migrations......Page 141
4.4.6 Life history, breeding systems and migration patterns of tropical fish......Page 142
4.4.7 Conclusion......Page 156
5.1 Introduction......Page 158
5.2 Lampreys (Petromyzontidae)......Page 160
5.4 Sturgeons (Acipenseridae)......Page 163
5.5 Paddlefishes (Polyodontidae)......Page 169
5.7 Bonytongues, mooneyes, featherfin knifefishes, elephant fishes (Osteoglossiformes)......Page 170
5.9 Freshwater eels (Anguillidae)......Page 172
5.10 Anchovies, shads, herrings and menhaden (Clupeiformes)......Page 176
5.12 Carps and minnows (Cyprinidae)......Page 180
5.13 Suckers (Catostomidae)......Page 190
5.14 Loaches (Cobitidae) and river loaches (Balitoridae)......Page 192
5.15 Characins (Characiformes)......Page 193
5.16 Catfishes (Siluriformes)......Page 201
5.17 Knifefishes (Gymnotiformes)......Page 204
5.18 Pikes and mudminnows (Esociformes)......Page 205
5.19 Smelts (Osmeridae)......Page 207
5.21 Southern smelts and southern graylings (Retropinnidae)......Page 208
5.22 Galaxiids, southern whitebaits and peladillos (Galaxiidae)......Page 210
5.23 Salmons, trouts, chars, graylings and whitefishes (Salmonidae)......Page 211
5.25 Cods (Gadidae)......Page 219
5.26 Mullets (Mugilidae)......Page 221
5.27 Silversides and their relatives (Atheriniformes)......Page 223
5.28 Needlefishes, half-beaks and medakas (Beloniformes)......Page 224
5.30 Sticklebacks and their relatives (Gasterosteiformes)......Page 225
5.32 Sculpins (Cottidae)......Page 227
5.33 Snooks (Centropomidae)......Page 229
5.34 Temperate basses (Moronidae)......Page 230
5.35 Temperate perches (Percichthyidae)......Page 234
5.36 Sunfishes (Centrarchidae)......Page 235
5.37 Perches (Percidae)......Page 237
5.39 Drums (Sciaenidae)......Page 242
5.42 Cichlids (Cichlidae)......Page 243
5.44 Fresh and brackish water dwelling gobioid fishes (Eleotridae, Rhyacichthyidae, Odontobutidae and Gobiidae)......Page 245
5.45 Fresh and brackish water dwelling fiatfishes (Pleuronectidae, Soleidae, Achiridae, Paralichthyidae and Cynoglossidae)......Page 248
6.1 Introduction......Page 251
6.2.1 Visual observation......Page 255
6.2.2 Resistivity fish counters and detection of bioelectric outputs......Page 256
6.2.3 Hydroacoustics......Page 257
6.3.1 Variations in density and catch per unit effort......Page 265
6.3.3 Types of marks and tags......Page 268
6.3.5 Passive electronic tags......Page 277
6.3.6 Signal propagation and detection of battery-powered transmitters......Page 281
6.3.8 Telemetry of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters......Page 282
6.3.9 Attachment methods......Page 284
6.3.10 Limitations of telemetry systems......Page 287
6.3.11 Archival tags......Page 288
6.4 Choice of methods in fish migration studies......Page 289
6.4.2 Lateral and longitudinal migrations of large catfishes in a South American assemblage......Page 290
6.4.3 Fidelity of .sh to spawning grounds......Page 291
7.1 A broad view of the impact of man's activities on freshwater fish migration......Page 292
7.2.1 Eurasia......Page 294
7.2.2 North America......Page 296
7.2.3 Australasia and Oceania......Page 298
7.2.4 Tropical South America, Africa and Asia......Page 299
7.3.1 Entrainment and impingement......Page 303
7.3.2 Hydropeaking, changes in temperature and oxygen......Page 306
7.3.3 Culverts and road crossings......Page 309
7.3.4 Changes in genetic diversity and life history......Page 310
7.4 Mitigation of hazards and obstacles to fish migration......Page 312
7.4.1 Fish passes......Page 314
7.4.2 Fish ladders......Page 315
7.4.3 Fish locks and elevators......Page 317
7.4.4 Shipping locks and elevators......Page 318
7.4.5 Nature-like fish passes......Page 319
7.4.6 Typical downstream passes: surface bypass systems......Page 320
7.4.7 Attracting and deterring fishes......Page 321
7.5 Installation, monitoring and efficiency of fish passes......Page 328
7.6 Conclusions......Page 330
8 Conclusion......Page 332
References......Page 335
Geographical index......Page 414
Taxonomic index......Page 419
Subject index......Page 433