Migration and the International Labour Market 1850-1939

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 3
COPYRIGHT......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
FIGURES......Page 7
TABLES......Page 9
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 12
Part I INTRODUCTION......Page 13
1 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 1850–1939......Page 14
THE DIMENSIONS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION......Page 15
DETERMINANTS OF MIGRATION......Page 19
FLUCTUATIONS IN MIGRANT FLOWS......Page 23
WERE MIGRANTS COMPLEMENTS OR SUBSTITUTES FOR NATIVES?......Page 25
MIGRATION AND THE NATIONAL ECONOMY......Page 28
FACTOR MARKETS, COMMODITY MARKETS AND ECONOMIC CONVERGENCE......Page 33
ECONOMIC DIVERGENCE: THE INTERWAR PERIOD......Page 37
USING THE PAST TO INFORM THE PRESENT......Page 40
NOTES......Page 42
Part II WHY DID THEY MIGRATE?......Page 43
THE CAUSES OF MIGRATION......Page 44
INTERNAL MIGRATION AND EMIGRATION: DEFINITIONS......Page 45
MIGRATION AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPE, 1800–1914......Page 46
TRANSIENCE......Page 48
MIGRATION RATES......Page 49
THE MEASUREMENT OF MIGRATION RATES......Page 51
THE EFFECT OF MIGRATION ON URBAN POPULATION GROWTH......Page 52
THE RELATIVE INCIDENCE OF EMIGRATION......Page 53
RETURN MIGRATION......Page 55
URBANIZATION, INTERNAL MIGRATION AND EMIGRATION......Page 56
STAGE EMIGRATION......Page 58
CONCLUSION......Page 59
NOTES......Page 60
WERE THE LATINS DIFFERENT?......Page 63
EXPLAINING EUROPEAN MASS EMIGRATION......Page 65
WERE THE LATINS DIFFERENT? EMIGRATION PANEL DATA......Page 70
WERE THE LATINS DIFFERENT? EMIGRATION AS TIME SERIES......Page 74
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND A RESEARCH AGENDA......Page 78
NOTES......Page 79
INTRODUCTION......Page 81
ITALIAN MIGRATIONS, 1861–1913......Page 82
AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS......Page 86
THE REGIONAL PATTERN OF ITALIAN MIGRATIONS......Page 96
CONCLUSIONS......Page 97
NOTES......Page 98
INTRODUCTION......Page 100
CULTURE, POLICY AND PREJUDICE: A SEGMENTED INTERNATIONAL LABOR MARKET......Page 101
Argentine immigration experience......Page 102
Australian comparisons......Page 106
AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL......Page 109
Argentine immigration from Italy and Spain......Page 111
Australian comparisons......Page 112
Interpretations......Page 117
CONCLUSIONS......Page 119
APPENDIX: STATISTICAL SOURCES......Page 120
Australia......Page 121
NOTES......Page 122
Part III HOW WERE THEY ABSORBED?......Page 125
INTRODUCTION......Page 126
INTERNAL AND INTERNATIONAL LABOR MARKETS......Page 128
THE CONTRIBUTION OF IMMIGRATION TO THE INCREASE IN LABOR FORCE......Page 129
THE OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF IMMIGRANTS AND FRENCH INTERNAL MIGRANTS......Page 136
CONCLUSION......Page 144
NOTES......Page 145
CANADA AS A COUNTRY OF BOTH IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION......Page 147
RECONSIDERATION OF THE STATISTICAL EVIDENCE......Page 153
THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CANADIAN ECONOMY IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY......Page 159
NOTES......Page 163
INTRODUCTION......Page 164
IMMIGRATION AND CANADIAN DEVELOPMENTS, 1900–1930......Page 165
THE DETERMINANTS OF THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF IMMIGRATION......Page 168
RURAL—URBAN LABOR MARKETS......Page 170
SEARCHING FOR THE DETERMINANTS OF WESTERN FARM WAGES......Page 174
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 177
APPENDIX A......Page 178
APPENDIX B......Page 179
NOTES......Page 181
9 IMMIGRANTS AND EMIGRANTS......Page 183
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION TO THE US: THE QUANTITATIVE RECORD......Page 184
THE CAUSES OF DECLINING INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION TO THE US......Page 187
DO TODARO-TYPE MODELS APPLY IN DISINTEGRATING LABOR MARKETS?......Page 191
THE EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ON THE US LABOR MARKET: DISAGGREGATING THE INTERWAR DECADES......Page 197
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 203
NOTES......Page 208
Part IV WHAT WAS THEIR IMPACT?......Page 209
INTRODUCTION......Page 210
THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION: MAINTAINING WICKSELL’S CLASSICAL ASSUMPTIONS......Page 211
RELAXING WICKSELL’S CLASSICAL ASSUMPTIONS......Page 216
DID CAPITAL CHASE AFTER LABOR AND DID IT MATTER?......Page 217
WHAT ABOUT COMMODITY MARKETS AND THE FACTOR—PRICE—EQUALIZATION THEOREM?......Page 219
ENDOGENIZING MIGRATION......Page 223
WHAT EXPLAINS THE LATE NINETEENTH ANGLO—AMERICAN CONVERGENCE?......Page 224
NOTES......Page 227
INTRODUCTION......Page 228
IRISH WAGES AND LIVING STANDARDS, 1850–1914......Page 229
GROWTH IN THE AGRICULTURAL REAL WAGE OVER TIME......Page 234
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND EMIGRATION......Page 238
A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE IRISH ECONOMY, 1907–8......Page 239
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM RESULTS......Page 241
CONCLUSION......Page 244
NOTES......Page 245
BACKGROUND......Page 247
MIGRANTS’ IMPACT ON AUSTRALIAN REAL WAGES......Page 254
DID MIGRANTS AFFECT PAY RELATIVITIES FOR SKILL?......Page 262
CONCLUSIONS......Page 268
APPENDIX......Page 269
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 270
INDEX......Page 292