Migrant Traders in South Africa: Migrant Traders in South Africa

Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	Migrants on the Fringe of the Economy
	Trading in the Era of COVID-19
	Summary and Organisation of the Volume
	References
2 Migrants in the Informal Sector: What We Know So Far?
	Introduction
	Migration for Employment: Stock and Flow
	Alternatives to Formal Employment
	The Informal Economy: Origin and Overview
	Magnitude and Size of the Informal Economy
	Migrant Informal Traders in South Africa
	A Means to Make a Living: Street Trading
	Feminisation of the Informal Economy: African Women in Business
	Migration to the South: Is South Africa Still a Favoured Destination?
	Xenophobia or Afrophobia? Crime, Violence and Harassment
	The COVID-19 Pandemic: An Additional Strain
	The Importance of Remaining in the Informal Sector: Resilience Through Hardship
	Conclusion
	References
3 Hustling to Survive: Livelihood Strategies of Migrants
	Introduction
	Migrants Are Not Homogenous
	Reasons for Moving
	Livelihood Strategies of Migrants
	Challenges to Livelihood Activities
	Impact of the Pandemic
	Conclusion
	References
4 Escaping Poverty in Zimbabwe: Experiences of Informal Traders in South Africa
	Introduction
	Well-Being of Zimbabwean Migrants
	Methods
	Reasons for Migrating to South Africa
	Expectations Versus Reality
	Going into Informal Business
	Growing the Customer Base
	Profile of the Customers
	Challenges of Doing Business in South Africa
	Remitting in Poverty and Its Effects on Well-Being
	The Impact of COVID-19 on Zimbabwean Informal Traders
	Conclusion
	References
5 Innovation and Flexibility: Nigerian Women in Durban’s Informal Economy
	Introduction
	Women on the Move
	Durban: An Attractive Destination for Nigerian Women
	Alone and in Search of Greener Pastures
	Starting Afresh in the Informal Economy
	Daily Challenges Experienced by Nigerian Women
	Better Policy, Better Protection: Prioritising Women’s Needs
	An Added Stress: The COVID-19 Pandemic
	Concluding Remarks
	References
6 Remittance Flow and Familial Relations in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: Rethinking Social Ties During the Migration Period
	Introduction
	The Economic Fallout in Zimbabwe
	Remittance Flow and Family Provision in the Country of Origin
	Mobility Restrictions in the Era of COVID-19
	Family as a Unit of Analysis for Migration
	Remittances: A Source of Family Tension
	Migrants Are Vulnerable During the Pandemic
	Remittance Flow and Relations During the Pandemic
	Misuse of Remittances
	Family Welfare First
	Conclusion
	References
7 No Protection, No Support: Older Migrants Operating in South Africa’s Informal Economy
	Introduction
	Older Traders Operating During a Global Crisis
	Income Security During Older Age
	Researching Older Migrants
	Trading to Survive: Older Migrants Operating in the Informal Economy
	Leaving My Life Behind
	Voiceless and Vulnerable: Older Traders Operating in Fear
	Ageing During Uncertain Times
	COVID-19: Hunger Is the New Normal
	A Cry for Government Intervention
	Concluding Remarks
	References
8 Collaboration or Competition? The Relationship Between Locals and Migrants in the Informal Economy
	Introduction
	Researching Local and Migrants
	Locals and Migrants in the Informal Economy
	Nature of Relations Between Migrant and Local Traders
	Cultivating Good Relations Between Migrants and Locals
	Navigating Tense and Hostile Relationships
	Language as a Barrier to Building Relations
	Competition for Limited Resources and Customers
	An Increasingly Hostile Environment
	Lockdown Worsens the Situation for Informal Traders
	Concluding Remarks
	References
9 Changes in Public Attitudes and Behaviour Towards International Migrants in South Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic
	Introduction
	Mass Views Towards Immigration
	Zero-Sum Thinking About International Migrants
	Elite Anti-immigrant Attitudes
	Understanding Attacks on International Migrants
	Elite Assessments of Anti-immigrant Violence
	Organised Non-state Anti-immigrant Actions
	Conclusion
	References
10 The Inclusion of International Migrants in the Informal Economy: From Policy to Practice
	Introduction
	The Informal Economy and International Migrants
	Regulatory Framework
	Experiences of International Migrants in the Informal Economy
	Conclusion
	References