Microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea: Impacts on Marine Environment

Preface
Purpose of the Book
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: The Mediterranean Sea a Marine Ecosystem in Risk
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Microplastic Pollution: The Mediterranean Sea
	1.3 Source of Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea
	1.4 The Mediterranean an Ecosystem in Risk
	1.5 Policies to Reduce Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Region
	1.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2: Microplastics in the Mediterranean Biota
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Microplastics and Posidonia oceanica Egagropyls
	2.3 Microplastics and Marine Invertebrates
		2.3.1 Mediterranean Zooplankton
		2.3.2 Mediterranean Jellyfish
		2.3.3 Mediterranean Molluscs
		2.3.4 Mediterranean Seaworms
		2.3.5 Mediterranean Crustaceans
		2.3.6 Mediterranean Echinoderms
	2.4 Microplastics and Mediterranean Fish
		2.4.1 Mediterranean Elasmobranchs
		2.4.2 Mediterranean Osteichthyes
	2.5 General Comment on Microplastics in Elasmobranchs and Fish
	2.6 Mediterranean Turtles
	2.7 Mediterranean Marine Mammals
	2.8 Effects of Microplastics in the Mediterranean Marine Biota
	2.9 Microplastics Extraction and Characterization Methods
	2.10 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 3: Microplastics in Mediterranean Seawater
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Horizontal Transport of Microplastics in the Marine Environment
	3.3 Vertical Transport and Settling of Microplastics in the Marine Environment
	3.4 Concentration and Polymeric Composition of Floating Microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea
	3.5 Concentration and Polymeric Composition of Microplastics in the Water Column of the Mediterranean Sea
	3.6 Effect of Sampling Methods on Microplastics Estimation
		3.6.1 Surface Waters
		3.6.2 Water Column
		3.6.3 Conclusion and Future Research Recommendations
	References
Chapter 4: Microplastics in Mediterranean Sediments
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Samples Collection and Extraction
	4.3 Microplastics Quantification and Characterization
	4.4 Microplastics in the Mediterranean Basin
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5: Toxic Substances on Microplastics and Risk Assessment of Microplastics Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Chemicals Associated with Microplastics
		5.2.1 Inorganic Toxics in the Mediterranean Sea: Heavy Metals
		5.2.2 Organic Toxics in the Mediterranean Sea
			5.2.2.1 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
			5.2.2.2 Additives
	5.3 Risks to Environment and Human Health
	5.4 Conclusion
	References