Microextraction Techniques: Fundamentals, Applications and Recent Developments (Integrated Analytical Systems)

Preface
Contents
Introduction
Introduction
	1 Introduction
	2 Conclusions
	References
Sorbent-Based Microextractions
Micro-solid-phase extraction
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamental Characteristics
	3 Novel Developments, and Applications
		3.1 Two-Dimensional Materials
		3.2 Silica-Based Materials
		3.3 Layered Double Hydroxides
		3.4 Metal–Organic Frameworks
		3.5 Covalent-Organic Frameworks
		3.6 Chitosan- and Cellulose-Based Materials
	4 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References
Dispersive-Micro-Solid Phase Extraction
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals
		2.1 Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction
		2.2 Dispersive Micro Solid Phase Extraction
	3 Sorbents in Dispersive Micro-solid Phase Extraction
		3.1 Micromaterials
		3.2 Nanostructured Sorbents
	4 Dispersion Techniques in Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction
		4.1 External Energy Source in the Dispersion Step
		4.2 Chemical Dispersion
	5 Trends in Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction
	6 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References
Solid-Phase Microextraction
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals
	3 Novel Developments
	4 Main Applications
		4.1 Environmental Applications
		4.2 Food Applications
		4.3 Biological Applications
		4.4 In vivo Applications
	5 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References
Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals
	3 Main Limitations and Solutions
		3.1 Derivatization
		3.2 Novel Workflows in SBSE
		3.3 Alternative Coatings for SBSE
	4 Novel Developments
		4.1 Magnetically Stirred Units
		4.2 Mechanically Stirred Devices
	5 Future Remarks
	References
Matrix Solid-Phase Disperion
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals
		2.1 General Information About MSPD
	3 Novel Developments
		3.1 New Sorption Materials
		3.2 Assisted MSPD Extraction
		3.3 Coupling MSPD with Other Isolation Techniques
	4 Main Application
		4.1 Analysis of Secondary Plant Metabolites
		4.2 Analysis of Hazardous Substances
	5 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References
Solvent-Based Microextractions
Single-Drop Microextraction
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals
		2.1 SDME Approaches
		2.2 Theoretical Aspects of SDME
	3 Novel Developments
		3.1 Evolution of SDME Modes: Main Achievements
		3.2 Extractant Phases in SDME
		3.3 SDME Combined with Different Analytical Techniques
	4 Performance Overview and Recent Applications
	5 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References
Hollow-Fibre Liquid-Phase Microextraction
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals
	3 Novel Developments
		3.1 External Force-Assisted HF-LPME and EME
		3.2 Novel Membrane Materials
		3.3 Novel Green Solvents
		3.4 Novel Sorbents
		3.5 Automation and High Throughput
	4 Main Application
	5 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References
Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals
		2.1 Requirements of Organic Solvents Used in DLLME
		2.2 Experimental Variables in DLLME
		2.3 Modes of DLLME
	3 New Developments in DLLME
		3.1 New Extractants in DLLME
		3.2 Phase Separation by SFOD
		3.3 Automation of DLLME
	4 Application of DLLME
	5 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References
Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals
	3 Novel Developments
		3.1 New Solvents for HLLME
		3.2 New Techniques of Phase Separation
		3.3 Automation of HLLME
	4 New Phase Separation Agents in HLLME
		4.1 Salting-Out Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Micro Extraction (SALLME)
		4.2 Sugaring-Out Homogeneous Liquid–liquid Microextraction (SULLME)
		4.3 Hydrophobic Substance Induced Homogenous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction
		4.4 pH Induced Homogeneous Liquid–liquid Microextraction
	5 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References