Microeconomic Modeling in Urban Science

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Front-Matter_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	Microeconomic Modeling in Urban Science
Dedication_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	Dedication
Copyright_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	Copyright
Contents
Foreword_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	Foreword
		References
Acknowledgments_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	Acknowledgments
Notation_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	Notation
1---Introduction_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	1. Introduction
		1.1 Initial Motivation
		1.2 Toward an Urban Science
		1.3 About the Book
			Book Content
			Book Structure
		1.4 Issues in Urban Structures
			Land Use Problem
			Land Auctions
			Externalities
			Regulations
			Accessibility
			The Economy
			Urban System: Land Use and Transportation Interaction
		1.5 Issues in Urban Modeling
			Why Modeling?
			Diversity of Choices and Their Perceptions
			System Size
			Complex System
			Bottom-Up Approach
			Stochastic Approach
			Discrete Modeling
			Residential and Nonresidential Activities
			Location Representation
			Location Prices
			Static Versus Dynamic Approaches
		1.6 Remarks
		References
2---Accessibility-----This-chapter-is-based-on-Mart-n_2018_Microeconomic-Mod
	2. Accessibility∗
		2.1 The Concept
		2.2 Alternative Measures
		2.3 The Microeconomic Measure of Interactions
		2.4 Definition of Access
		2.5 Measuring Access
			Spatial Interaction Entropy Model
			Discrete Choice Random Utility Model
		2.6 Location Externalities and Agglomeration Economies
		2.7 Summary
		Technical Note 2.1: Spatial Interaction Entropy Model
		Technical Note 2.2: Discrete Choice Random Utility Model
		Exercise 2.1
		References
3---Discrete-Urban-Economic-Theor_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Scien
	3. Discrete Urban Economic Theory
		3.1 Introduction
			The Structure of a Land-Use System
			Characteristics of the Market
		3.2 The Consumer Location Problem
			The Household Location Utility Approach
			The Bid-Auction Approach
				The Auction in the Real Estate Market
				The Willingness to Pay
				The Auction Allocation Process
				The Hedonic Price
			Firms' Location Problem
				The Firm Continuous Location Model
				The Firm Discrete Location Model
		3.3 The Bid-Choice Equivalence
		3.4 Suppliers' Behavior
			The Continuous Supply Model
			The Discrete Model of Durable Stock
			The Unified Land–Real Estate Market
			The Generalized Model
		3.5 Market Clearing2
		3.6 Summary
		Technical Note 3.1: The Auction Mechanism
		Technical Note 3.2: Consumers' Surplus
		Exercise 3.1
		References
4---The-Stochastic-Bid-Auction-Land-Us_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-
	4. The Stochastic Bid-Auction Land-Use Model
		4.1 Introduction
			The Stochastic Approach
			The Aggregation
		4.2 The Random Utilities
			The Interpretation of the Stochastic Term
		4.3 The Random Willingness to Pay
			Linear Utilities
			Nonlinear Utilities
		4.4 The Stochastic Demand Model
			The Assumptions of the Multinomial Logit Model
			The Multinomial Logit Choice Probability: Utility Approach
			The Multinomial Logit Choice Model: Consumer Surplus Approach
			The Multinomial Frechit Choice Model: Consumer Surplus
		4.5 Substitution Property of Stochastic Demand
		4.6 The Stochastic Bid-Auction Approach
			The Multinomial Logit Bid-Auction Probability
			The Logit Hedonic Price
			The Multinomial Frechit Bid-Auction Probability
			The Frechit Hedonic Price
			Estimation of Willingness to Pay
		4.7 The Stochastic Bid-Choice Equivalence
			Equivalence in the Logit Model
			Equivalence in Frechit Model
		4.8 The Stochastic Supply Model
			The Stochastic Profit
			The Competitive Supply Market
		4.9 Summary
		Technical Note 4.1: Extreme Value Distributions
			Logit Model
			The Frechit Model
		References
5---Land-Use-Stochastic-Equilibriu_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Scie
	5. Land-Use Stochastic Equilibrium
		5.1 Introduction
			City Structures
			The Concept of Equilibrium
			Levels of Analysis
			External Scenarios
			Behavior of Agents
			The Role of Constraints
			This Chapter
		5.2 Short-Term Land-Use Equilibrium
			Total Demand Equals Supply
			Consumers' Equilibrium
			Demand Equals Supply at Each Location
			The City Boundary
			Equilibrium of Utilities and Prices
				The Logit Model
			From Relative to Absolute Prices
				The Frechit Model
			Comments on Short-Term Equilibrium
		5.3 Long-Term Land-Use Equilibrium
			Scale Economies and Land Price Dependency in Supply Costs
			The Optimal Supply Choice Set
			Comments on Long-Term Equilibrium
		5.4 Long-Term Equilibrium With Externalities
		5.5 Maximization of Total Surplus
		5.6 Modeling Constrained Choices
			The Constrained Choice Models
			The Constrained Entropy
			The Impact on Land-Use Equilibrium
		5.7 Remarks and Comments
		Technical Note 5.1: Uniqueness of Equilibrium Utilities
			The Logit Model
			The Frechit Model
		Technical Note 5.2: Fixed-Point Externalities
			The Logit Model
			The Frechit Model
		Technical Note 5.3: The Social Benefit of the Land-Use Market
		References
6---The-Land-Use-and-Transportation-S_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-S
	6. The Land-Use and Transportation System
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 The Integrated Land-Use and Transportation Equilibrium
			The Classical Four-Step Transportation Model
			The Integrated Land-Use and Transportation Model
			The Transportation Equilibrium Problem
			The LUT Short-term Optimization Problem
				The Logit Model
				The Frechit Model
			The Long-term LUT Optimization Problem (Without Externalities)
			The LUT Equilibrium With Externalities
				The Logit Model
				The Frechit Model
			Remarks and Comments
		6.3 Summary
		Technical Note 6.1: The LUT Equivalent Optimization Problem
			The Short-term Logit Model (Without Location Externalities)
			The Long-Term Logit Model (Without Location Externalities)
		Technical Note 6.2: Bounds for the Model With Externalities
		References
7---The-General-Urban-System_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	7. The General Urban System
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 The Integrated LUTE Model
		7.3 The Input–Output Model
		7.4 The Mixed Discrete-Continuous Model
			The A-L Demand Model
		7.5 The Random Discrete-Continuous Goods Demand Model
		7.6 The Household Stochastic Demand Model for Location and Consumption
			The Goods/Leisure Consumption Model
			The Job Location Choice Model
			The Residential Location Model
		7.7 The Production Model
			The Production of Goods and Leisure Activities
			The Firm Location Model
				The Case of Nonincreasing Returns to Scale
				The Case of Increasing Returns to Scale
		7.8 The LUTE System Equilibrium
			The Goods/Leisure Equilibrium Prices
			The Labor Market Equilibrium
			The Land-Use Clearing Condition
		7.9 Summary of the LUTE System Equilibrium
		Technical Note 7.1: The Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value Demand Model
		Technical Note 7.2: Optimal Production
		Technical Note 7.3: Analysis of the LUTE Equilibrium
			Analysis of demand
		References
8---Systems-of-Cities_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	8. Systems of Cities
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 The Equilibrium of a System of Cities
			Introduction
			Basic Assumptions
			The Demography Model
			The Firmography Model
			Agricultural Land Rents Equilibrium
			System Equilibrium
		8.3 Cities' Scaling Laws
			Evidence of Scaling Laws
			Scaling Rents
			Analysis of the Rents Power Law
			Scaling in Production
			Consumer Surplus
		8.4 City Dynamics
		8.5 Comments on Urban Scaling
		8.6 Toward a Unified Theory of Organic Systems
		Technical Note 8.1: The Link Between Bids and Utility Parameters4
		References
9---Model-Application-and-Plannin_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Scien
	9. Model Application and Planning
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Implementation of the Land-Use Model
			The Input Scenario
			The Bid Function
			Attributes
			The Location Submodel
			Rents
			Real Estate Supply Submodel
			Regulations
		9.3 Parameter Estimation
			The Set of Land-Use Equations
			Experience Insights
		9.4 Optimal Planning and Subsidies
			The Planning Problem
			Optimal Subsidies
			Planning to Reduce Social Exclusion
			Regulations
			Planning Policies and the Scale Law
			Remarks
		References
10---FAQs-and-Policy-Analysis_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	10. FAQs and Policy Analysis
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 How Cities Grow?
		10.3 Why Cities Do not Collapse into a Single City or a City into a Single Building?
		10.4 Are Universal Scaling Laws Paradoxical?
		10.5 Are Megacities Too Large?
		10.6 Is Urban Sprawl a Tragedy?
		10.7 How to Handle Socioeconomic Exclusion?
		10.8 Does Accessibility Generate Development?
		10.9 Who Captures the Benefits of Transportation Investments?
		10.10 How to Measure Transportation Project Benefits?
		10.11 Final Remarks
		References
Index_2018_Microeconomic-Modeling-in-Urban-Science
	Index
		A
		B
		C
		D
		E
		F
		G
		H
		I
		J
		K
		L
		M
		N
		O
		P
		R
		S
		T
		U
		W
		Z
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