Microbial Biotechnology in the Laboratory and Practice: Theory, Exercises, and Specialist Laboratories

Table of contents
Foreword
Foreword to the handbook Microbiological Biotechnology. Exercises and specialist laboratories from 1997
1. Methods of screening, culturing, improvement and storage of microorganisms of industrial...
	1.1. General characteristics of microorganisms used in biotechnological processes
	1.2. Screening of microorganisms useful in microbiological processes
		1.2.1. Suitability of various environments for isolation of microorganisms used in industrial processes
		1.2.2. Soil as a source of potential producers of biologically active compounds
		1.2.3. Microbial screening
		1.2.4. Soil of polluted environments as a source of microorganisms used in environmental protection processes
	1.3. Methods of culturing and stabilisation of microorganisms under aerobic conditions (including bioreactors and immobilisation in gels)
		1.3.1. Batch culture
		1.3.2. Fed-batch culture – batch with continuous dosing of nutrient to the fermenter
		1.3.3. Continuous culture
		1.3.4. Bioreactors for submerged cultures
		1.3.5. Stabilisation of microorganisms by immobilisation
	1.4. Microorganisms culture in anaerobic conditions
	1.5. Fungal protoplasts: release, properties and application
	1.6. Strain development – mutagenesis, fusion and electroporation of protoplasts
	1.7. Storage of industrial strains
	Literature
2. Fundamentals of modern analytical techniques used in microbial biotechnology and related...
	2.1. Confocal, fluorescent microscopy and spectrofluorimetry
		2.1.1. Fluorescence phenomenon
		2.1.2. Spectrofluorimetry
		2.1.3. Fluorescent and confocal microscopy – comparison
		2.1.4. Autofluorescence and fluorescent markers
		2.1.5. Fluorescent proteins
	2.2. Isotopic techniques (radioactive isotopes)
	2.3. Chromatography
		2.3.1. Basic parameters measured in chromatography
		2.3.2. Liquid chromatography
		2.3.3. Gas chromatography
	2.4. Mass spectrometry
		2.4.1. Principle of mass spectrometer operation
		2.4.2. Ion sources and ion types in mass spectrometry
		2.4.3. Mass analysers
		2.4.4. Basic scanning modes
		2.4.5. Ion detection
		2.4.6. Applications of mass spectrometry
	2.5. Atomic absorption spectroscopy
	2.6. Modern digital techniques used to record changes in the environment
		2.6.1. Satelitte imagery in analyzing historical and last landuse
		2.6.2. Principles of detection selected remote sensing systems
		2.6.3. Airplane scanning in terrain measurement
	Literature
3. Determining the taxonomic affiliation of microorganisms
	3.1. Genotypic techniques for differentiation and identification of bacteria
		3.1.1. Isolation from the soil and identification of anaerobes by multiplex PCR
		3.1.2. Taxonomic classification of the genus Streptomyces based on PCR 16S rRNA method
	3.2. Fungi of the phyla Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota – morphological, biochemical features and genetic analysis
		3.2.1. Mucoromycota
		3.2.2. Ascomycota
		3.2.3. Basidiomycota
		3.2.4. Molecular identification of filamentous fungi
		3.2.5. Yeast
	3.3. Microbial biotyping by LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF methods
		3.3.1. LC-MS/MS biotyping on the example of Mycobacterium strains
		3.3.2. MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF biotyping
	Literature
4. Industrial applications of microorganisms
	4.1. Biosynthesis processes
		4.1.1. Microbial biomass production and using
		4.1.2. Characteristics, classification and directions for practical use of surfactants. Screening of Bacillus strains capable of lipopeptide surfactant production
		4.1.3. Microbiological production of enzymes from the hydrolase class
		4.1.4. Polysaccharide biosynthesis
		4.1.5. Antibiotic biosynthesis using tetracyclines as a study model
		4.1.6. Production of bacterial lipopeptides
		4.1.7. Citric acid biosynthesis
	4.2. Fermentation processes
		4.2.1. Winemaking and brewing
		4.2.2. Practical use of lactic acid bacteria
		4.2.3. Use of microorganisms in the baking industry and for the production of fermented meat and vegetable products
		4.2.4. Asian food obtained by the use of microorganisms
	4.3. Biotransformation processes
		4.3.1. Biotransformation of ethanol and sorbitol
		4.3.2. Biotransformation of steroids
	Literature
5. Microorganisms in environmental and human health protection
	5.1. Revitalisation of degraded urban green areas
		5.1.1. Interdisciplinary research in urban revitalisation: work stages
		5.1.2. Field research in the scope of landscape architecture and related disciplines
		5.1.3. Laboratory research in biotechnology, microbiology, environmental chemistry and related disciplines
		5.1.4. Total score and summary of research
	5.2. Microbiological analysis of polluted environments – Next generation sequencing
	5.3. Biological wastewater treatment processes
		5.3.1. Biological methods of wastewater treatment in municipal treatment plants
		5.3.2. Municipal-industrial wastewater treatment
		5.3.3. Wastewater treatment in scattered areas – small infrastructure
	5.4. Waste composting
		5.4.1. Waste composting in municipal composting plants
		5.4.2. Local use of waste from urban green areas
	5.5. Use of municipal green waste for energy production in local biogas and incineration plants and the synthesis of fungal laccases
		5.5.1. Energy production
		5.5.2. Use of urban green waste for biosynthesis of fungal enzymes on the example of laccases
	5.6. Biodegradation of toxic xenobiotics
		5.6.1. Bisphenol A
		5.6.2. Organotin compounds
		5.6.3. Use of microorganisms to eliminate pesticides
		5.6.4. Nonylphenol
		5.6.5. Simultaneous elimination of organic and inorganic pollutants based on the example of alachlor and zinc
		5.6.6. Heterocyclic compounds
		5.6.7. Dyes
	5.7. Microbiological elimination of heavy metals from the environment
	5.8. Detoxification processes of polluted environments. Ecotoxicological tests
	5.9. Use of industrial waste in microbiological biotechnology
	5.10. Biodeterioration caused by fungi
	5.11. Characteristics and use of ligninolytic enzymes produced by fungi in environmental protection, industry and medicine
	5.12. Determination of antimicrobial properties of macromolecules (dendrimers) and newly synthesised silver compounds
	5.13. Entomopathogenic fungi and their use in biocontrol
	5.14. Toxigenic fungi. Search for and identification of aflatoxins
	Literature
6. Omics in microbial biotechnology
	6.1. Proteomics in microbiological analysis of xenobiotics degradation
		6.1.1. Isolation and separation of proteins
		6.1.2. Identification of proteins
	6.2. Metabolomic analysis as a tool for multi-level characterisation of the biodegradation process
	6.3. Application of lipidomics in the study of detoxification processes in microorganisms
	6.4. Search for biomarkers in industry and medicine
		6.4.1. Analytical methods
		6.4.2. Characteristics and sources of biomarkers
	6.5. Quantitative analysis of pesticides – multimethods
		6.5.1. Multimethods
		6.5.2. Method validation
	Literature
7. Media, buffers
	7.1. Media
	7.2. Buffers
	Literature
8. Macroscopic and microscopic images of fungal strains applied...
	8.1. Photograph of fungi cultured under laboratory conditions
		8.1.1. Aureobasidium pullulans
		8.1.2. Ashbya gossypii
		8.1.3. Aspergillus niger
		8.1.4. Aspergillus versicolor IM2161
		8.1.5. Chaetomium globosum
		8.1.6. Cunninghamella echinulata IM1785 21Gp (previously C. elegans)
		8.1.7. Curvularia lunata IM2901
		8.1.8. Curvularia lunata IM4417
		8.1.9. Exophiala sp.
		8.1.10. Kluyveromyces marxianus
		8.1.11. Metarhizium robertsii IM2358
		8.1.12. Mucor ramosissimus IM6203
		8.1.13. Myrothecium roridum IM6482
		8.1.14. Nectriella pironii IM6443
		8.1.15. Paecilomyces marquandii IM6003 (current name Metarhizium marquandii)
		8.1.16. Phanerochaete chrysosporium DSM1556
		8.1.17. Schizosacharomyces pombe
		8.1.18. Serpula himantioides DSM6419
		8.1.19. Stachybotrys chartarum DSM2144
		8.1.20. Trametes versicolor
		8.1.21. Trichoderma harzianum QF10
		8.1.22. Trichoderma viride IM6325
		8.1.23. Umbelopsis ramanniana IM833
	8.2. Photographs of trees and wood infected by ligninolytic fungi
		8.2.1. Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom)
		8.2.2 Trametes versicolor (turkey tail)
		8.2.3. Heterobasidion annosum (annosum root rot)
		8.2.4. Brown wood rot
		8.2.5. White wood rot
		8.2.6. Soft wood rot
		8.2.7. Tremella mesenterica (yellow brain)
		8.2.8. Phellinus pomaceus
		8.2.9. Piptorus betulinus (birch polypore)
		8.2.10. Fomes fometorius (tinder fungus)
		8.2.11. Interaction of pathogens causing the rot of trees
		8.1.12. Schizophyllum commune (split gill)
	Literature
Authors
Pusta strona