Melatonin: Role in Plant Signaling, Growth and Stress Tolerance: Phytomelatonin in normal and challenging environments (Plant in Challenging Environments, 4)

Preface
Contents
Part I: Melatonin as an Antioxidant
	Chapter 1: Melatonin and the Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Higher Plants
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Biosynthesis of Melatonin
		1.3 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS)
		1.4 Interactions Between Phytomelatonin and ROS
			1.4.1 The Function of 2-hydroymelatonin (2-OHM)
			1.4.2 Cyclic 3-hydroymelatonin (3-OHM)
		1.5 Phytomelatonin and Antioxidant System Under Physiological and Stress Conditions
		1.6 Concluding Remarks
		References
Part II: Melatonin, Biosynthesis, Plant Growth, Development and Reproduction
	Chapter 2: Melatonin in Plants: Biosynthesis, Occurrence and Role in plants
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Biosynthesis of phytomelatonin
		2.3 Melatonin in Edible Plants
		2.4 Role of phytomelatonin
			2.4.1 Circadian Rhythm
			2.4.2 Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenger
			2.4.3 Growth Promoter
			2.4.4 Defense Against Herbivores
			2.4.5 Abiotic Stress Tolerance
				2.4.5.1 Drought Stress
				2.4.5.2 Waterlogging Stress
				2.4.5.3 Salt Stress
				2.4.5.4 Cold Stress
				2.4.5.5 Heat Stress
		2.5 Conclusion & Future Aspects
		References
	Chapter 3: Abiotic Stress-Induced Modulation of Melatonin Biosynthesis Accompanying Phytohormonal Crosstalk in Plants
		3.1 Introduction: Discovery and Functional Attributes
		3.2 Structural Features of Melatonin
		3.3 Comparative Insight into Melatonin Biosynthesis in Plant and Animal System
		3.4 Biosynthetic Regulation of Melatonin in Normal and Challenging Environments
		3.5 Melatonin and Phytohormone Crosstalk
		3.6 Melatonin in Combating Stress Conditions in the Plants
		3.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: Role of Melatonin in Embryo, Seed Development and Germination
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Melatonin Production in the Plants
		4.3 Melatonin in the Plants
		4.4 Early Embryogenesis
		4.5 Growth Promotion by GA and CK and Possible Role of Melatonin
		4.6 Pattern Formation and Melatonin
		4.7 Embryo Maturation
		4.8 Melatonin and Seed Germination
		4.9 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: Melatonin Metabolism in Seeds: Physiological and Nutritive Aspects
		5.1 Introduction: Melatonin and Seed Development
		5.2 Melatonin Content in Seeds
		5.3 Melatonin Accumulation During Seed Dormancy and Germination
		5.4 Melatonin in Survival and ROS Scavenging in Plants
		5.5 Melatonin Mediated Modulation of Biochemical Constituents/Nutritive Value in Seeds
		5.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6: Melatonin in Plant Growth and Signaling
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Melatonin: A Ubiquitous Molecule
			6.2.1 Biosynthesis
			6.2.2 Distribution
		6.3 Plant Developmental Responses to Melatonin
			6.3.1 Germination
			6.3.2 Root Growth and Development
			6.3.3 Shoot Growth
			6.3.4 Flowering
			6.3.5 Fruit Development and Ripening
			6.3.6 Senescence
		6.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 7: Functions and Prospects of Melatonin During Pre-fertilization Reproductive Stages in Plants
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Physiological Roles of Melatonin During Pre-fertilization Reproductive Stages
			7.2.1 Flowering Time
			7.2.2 Floral Meristem Formation
			7.2.3 Flower Development
			7.2.4 Floral Volatiles
			7.2.5 Parthenocarpy
		7.3 Role of Melatonin During Stress Tolerance in Reproductive Tissues
		7.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
		References
	Chapter 8: Melatonin and Fruit Ripening Physiology: Crosstalk with Ethylene, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydrogen Sulphide
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Physiology of Fruit Ripening
			8.2.1 Microbial Genesis of Fruit Spoilage and Its Inhibition by Phytomelatonin, and Other Biomolecules During Fruit Ripening
			8.2.2 Biochemical Basis of Fruit Ripening Mediated by Interaction of Melatonin, Ethylene, NO, H2O2 and H2S
			8.2.3 Molecular Fundamentals of Fruit Ripening and Genetic Regulation of Melatonin, Thylene, NO, H2O2 and H2S Synthesis
		8.3 Crosstalk of Melatonin, and Other Relevant Signaling Molecules During Fruit Ripening
		8.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
		References
	Chapter 9: Melatonin and Postharvest Biology of Fruits and Vegetables: Augmenting the Endogenous Molecule by Exogenous Application
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Postharvest Biology of Fruits and Vegetables
		9.3 Melatonin Exhibits High Antioxidant Effects and Delays Senescence
			9.3.1 Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury
			9.3.2 Melatonin and GABA Shunt Pathway
			9.3.3 Postharvest Melatonin Treatment Induces Disease Resistance
		9.4 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 10: Melatonin Language in Postharvest Life of Horticultural Crops
		10.1 Phytomelatonin Biosynthesis and Its Intracellular Homeostasis
		10.2 Phytomelatonin Biosynthesis Regulation by Transcription Factors
		10.3 Phytomelatonin Signaling Illumination by Discovering Receptors
		10.4 Phytomelatonin Language in Postharvest Life of Fruits and Vegetables
			10.4.1 Phytomelatonin Palliates Chilling Injury
			10.4.2 Phytomelatonin Attenuates Fungal and Bacterial Decay
			10.4.3 Phytomelatonin Delays Senescence
			10.4.4 Phytomelatonin Preserves the Sensory and Nutritional Quality
			10.4.5 Phytomelatonin Regulates Fruit Ripening
		10.5 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Melatonin and Its Signaling in Biotic and Abiotic Stress
	Chapter 11: Melatonin-Mediated Regulation of Biotic Stress Responses in Plants
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Biosynthesis of Melatonin
		11.3 The Physiological Role of Melatonin in Plants
		11.4 Melatonin in Plant Defense Against Biotic Stress
		11.5 Role of Melatonin as an Antibacterial Agent
		11.6 Role of Melatonin in the Viral Infections
		11.7 Role of Melatonin as an Antifungal Agent
		11.8 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 12: Emerging Roles of Melatonin in Mitigating Pathogen Stress
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Melatonin Receptor Candidates Regulate Plant Defense Response
		12.3 Closing ‘Doors’ for Pathogen Invasion via PMTR1 and Phytomelatonin Signaling in Circadian Stomatal Closure
		12.4 Melatonin-Mediated Signaling Response for Disease Resistance
		12.5 Melatonin Crosstalk with Phytohormone Signaling for Biotic Resistance
		12.6 Melatonin Regulates the Defense-Related Genes
		12.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 13: Eco-Physiological and Morphological Adaptive Mechanisms Induced by Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulphide Under Abiotic Stresses in Plants
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulphide: An Introduction Under Drought Stress Conditions
		13.3 Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulphide Under Metal/Metallloid Stress
		13.4 Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulphide: Ameliorating Role Under Salt Stress
		13.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 14: Melatonin in Plants Under UV Stress Conditions
		14.1 Plant Stress
		14.2 Melatonin in Abiotic Stress
		14.3 Melatonin in UV Stress
		14.4 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 15: Molecular Physiology of Melatonin Induced Temperature Stress Tolerance in Plants
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Biosynthesis of Melatonin
		15.3 Signaling of Melatonin in Plants Under Stress
		15.4 Temperature-Mediated Abiotic Stress
			15.4.1 Melatonin Role in Cold (Chilling) Stress
			15.4.2 MT Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones Under Cold Stress
			15.4.3 Melatonin-Induced Gene Regulation in Cold Stress
			15.4.4 Role of Melatonin in Heat Stress
			15.4.5 MT Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones Under Heat Stress
		15.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
		References
	Chapter 16: Melatonin-Mediated Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Biosynthesis of Mel in Plants in Relation to Salinity Stress
		16.3 Involvement of Mel in Conferring Tolerance to Salt Stress
			16.3.1 Regulation of Ion Homeostasis by Mel Under Salt Stress
			16.3.2 Mel-Mediated Antioxidative Defense Under Salt Stress
			16.3.3 Mel-Mediated Plant Growth and Development Under Salt Stress
			16.3.4 Crosstalk of Mel with Plant Growth Regulators
		16.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 17: Role of Phytomelatonin in Promoting Ion Homeostasis During Salt Stress
		17.1 Introduction
		17.2 Roles of Ion Homeostasis in Plants Under Salt Stress Conditions
		17.3 Melatonin Regulates Ion Homeostasis Under Osmotic Stress
		17.4 Melatonin Mediates Signaling Pathways
			17.4.1 Melatonin and Nitric Oxide Signaling
			17.4.2 Melatonin and Calcium Signaling
			17.4.3 Melatonin and Potassium Signaling
		17.5 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 18: Positive Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Conferring Drought Resistance to Plants
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Plant Adaptations Under Drought Stress
		18.3 Plant Microbiome Under Drought Stress
		18.4 Melatonin and Its Role in Plants Under Normal Conditions
		18.5 Melatonin Mediated Drought Stress Tolerance
			18.5.1 Regulation of Oxidative Stress
			18.5.2 Regulation of Antioxidative Defense System
			18.5.3 Regulation of Photosynthetic System
		18.6 Melatonin Crosstalk with Other Plant Hormones During Drought Stress
		18.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective
		References
	Chapter 19: Potential, Mechanism and Molecular Insight of Melatonin in Phyto-Remediation
		19.1 Introduction and Background History
		19.2 Metabolism of Melatonin
		19.3 Stress-Related Melatonin Accumulation
		19.4 Melatonin Modulated Signal Transduction to Induce Stress Tolerance
		19.5 Melatonin Turns Up Genes for Defense
		19.6 Melatonin-Induced Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs)
		19.7 Melatonin Mediated Antioxidant Defense System
		19.8 Heavy Metal Stress and Enzymatic Antioxidants
		19.9 Mitigation of Heavy Metal Stress by Exogenous Melatonin
		19.10 Melatonin Bioassay
		19.11 Signal Transduction
		19.12 Phytoremediation Potential of Melatonin
		19.13 Biosynthetic Pathways of Melatonin Under Metal Stress Condition
		19.14 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
		References