Medical physiology: principles for clinical medicine

Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
	AUDIENCE AND FUNCTION
	CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION
	KEY CHANGES
	PEDAGOGY
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I: Cellular Physiology
	Chapter 1: Homeostasis and Cellular Signaling
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		BASIS OF PHYSIOLOGIC REGULATION
		COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING MODES
		MOLECULAR BASIS OF CELLULAR SIGNALING
		SECOND MESSENGER ROLES
		MITOGENIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 2: Plasma Membrane, Membrane Transport, and Resting Membrane Potential
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		PLASMA MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
		SOLUTE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
		WATER MOVEMENT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
		RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
		Chapter Summary
Part II: Neuromuscular Physiology
	Chapter 3: Action Potential, Synaptic Transmission, and Maintenance of Nerve Function
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		NEURONAL STRUCTURE
		ACTION POTENTIALS
		SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
		NEUROTRANSMISSION
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 4: Sensory Physiology
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		SENSORY SYSTEM
		SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
		VISUAL SYSTEM
		AUDITORY SYSTEM
		VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
		GUSTATORY AND OLFACTORY SYSTEMS
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 5: Motor System
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		SKELETON AS FRAMEWORK FOR MOVEMENT
		MUSCLE FUNCTION AND BODY MOVEMENT
		NERVOUS SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT
		SPINAL CORD IN THE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT
		SUPRASPINAL INFLUENCES ON MOTOR CONTROL
		CEREBRAL CORTEX ROLE IN MOTOR CONTROL
		BASAL GANGLIA AND MOTOR CONTROL
		CEREBELLUM IN THE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 6: Autonomic Nervous System
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		OVERVIEW OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
		SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
		PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
		CONTROL OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 7: Integrative Functions of the Central Nervous System
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		HYPOTHALAMUS
		BRAIN ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY
		FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE FOREBRAIN
		HIGHER COGNITIVE SKILLS
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 8: Skeletal and Smooth Muscle
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		SKELETAL MUSCLE
		MOTOR NEURONS AND EXCITATION–CONTRACTION COUPLING IN SKELETAL MUSCLE
		MECHANICS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION
		SMOOTH MUSCLE
		Chapter Summary
Part III: Blood and Immunology
	Chapter 9: Blood Components
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		BLOOD FUNCTIONS
		WHOLE BLOOD
		SOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF BLOOD AND THEIR TESTS
		FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD AND THEIR TESTS
		RED BLOOD CELLS
		WHITE BLOOD CELLS
		BLOOD CELL FORMATION
		BLOOD CLOTTING
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 10: Immunology, Organ Interaction, and Homeostasis
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
		IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVATION
		IMMUNE SYSTEM DETECTION
		IMMUNE SYSTEM DEFENSES
		CELL-MEDIATED AND HUMORAL RESPONSES
		ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
		CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
		ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
		ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION AND IMMUNOLOGY
		IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS
		NEUROENDOIMMUNOLOGY
		Chapter Summary
Part IV: Cardiovascular Physiology
	Chapter 11: Overview of the Cardiovascular System and Hemodynamics
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
		PHYSICS OF BLOOD CONTAINMENT AND MOVEMENT
		PHYSICAL DYNAMICS OF BLOOD FLOW
		DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURE, FLOW, VELOCITY, AND BLOOD VOLUME
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 12: Electrical Activity of the Heart
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
		ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 13: Cardiac Muscle Mechanics and the Cardiac Pump
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		CARDIAC EXCITATION–CONTRACTION COUPLING
		CARDIAC CYCLE
		DETERMINANTS OF MYOCARDIAL PERFORMANCE
		CARDIAC OUTPUT
		CARDIAC OUTPUT MEASUREMENT
		IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING CARDIAC STRUCTURES, VOLUMES, BLOOD FLOW, AND CARDIAC OUTPUT
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 14: Systemic Circulation
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		DETERMINANTS OF ARTERIAL PRESSURES
		ARTERIAL PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
		PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL BLOOD VOLUME
		COUPLING OF VASCULAR AND CARDIAC FUNCTION
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 15: Microcirculation and Lymphatic System
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		COMPONENTS OF THE MICROVASCULATURE
		LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
		MATERIAL EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE VASCULATURE AND TISSUES
		REGULATION OF MICROVASCULAR RESISTANCE
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 16: Special Circulations
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		CORONARY CIRCULATION
		CEREBRAL CIRCULATION
		SMALL INTESTINE CIRCULATION
		HEPATIC CIRCULATION
		SKELETAL MUSCLE CIRCULATION
		CUTANEOUS CIRCULATION
		FETAL AND PLACENTAL CIRCULATIONS
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 17: Control Mechanisms in Circulatory Function
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		AUTONOMIC NEURAL CONTROL OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
		HORMONAL CONTROL OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
		CIRCULATORY SHOCK
		Chapter Summary
Part V: Respiratory Physiology
	Chapter 18: Ventilation and the Mechanics of Breathing
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		LUNG STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
		PULMONARY PRESSURES AND AIRFLOW DURING BREATHING
		SPIROMETRY AND LUNG VOLUMES
		MINUTE VENTILATION
		LUNG AND CHEST WALL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
		AIRFLOW AND THE WORK OF BREATHING
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 19: Gas Transfer and Transport
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		GAS DIFFUSION AND UPTAKE
		DIFFUSING CAPACITY
		GAS TRANSPORT BY THE BLOOD
		RESPIRATORY CAUSES OF HYPOXEMIA
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 20: Pulmonary Circulation and Ventilation/Perfusion
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
		HEMODYNAMIC FEATURES
		FLUID EXCHANGE IN PULMONARY CAPILLARIES
		BLOOD FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN THE LUNGS
		SHUNTS AND VENOUS ADMIXTURE
		BRONCHIAL CIRCULATION
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 21: Control of Ventilation
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		GENERATION OF THE BREATHING PATTERN
		LUNG AND CHEST WALL REFLEXES
		FEEDBACK CONTROL OF BREATHING
		CHEMORESPONSES TO ALTERED OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
		CONTROL OF BREATHING DURING SLEEP
		CONTROL OF BREATHING IN UNUSUAL ENVIRONMENTS
		Chapter Summary
Part VI: Renal Physiology and Body Fluids
	Chapter 22: Kidney Function
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
		URINE FORMATION
		RENAL BLOOD FLOW
		GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
		TRANSPORT IN THE PROXIMAL TUBULE
		TUBULAR TRANSPORT IN THE LOOP OF HENLE
		TUBULAR TRANSPORT IN THE DISTAL NEPHRON
		URINARY CONCENTRATION AND DILUTION
		INHERITED DEFECTS IN KIDNEY TUBULE EPITHELIAL CELLS
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 23: Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		FLUID COMPARTMENTS OF THE BODY
		FLUID BALANCE
		SODIUM BALANCE
		POTASSIUM BALANCE
		CALCIUM BALANCE
		MAGNESIUM BALANCE
		PHOSPHATE BALANCE
		URINARY TRACT
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 24: Acid–Base Homeostasis
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ACID–BASE CHEMISTRY
		ACID PRODUCTION
		BLOOD pH REGULATION
		INTRACELLULAR pH REGULATION
		ACID–BASE BALANCE DISTURBANCES
		Chapter Summary
Part VII: Gastrointestinal Physiology
	Chapter 25: Neurogastroenterology and Motility
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		MUSCULATURE OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
		NEURAL CONTROL OF DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONS
		SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
		ENTERIC MOTOR NEURONS
		GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY PATTERNS
		ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY
		GASTRIC MOTILITY
		SMALL INTESTINAL MOTILITY
		LARGE INTESTINAL MOTILITY
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 26: Gastrointestinal Secretion, Digestion, and Absorption
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		SALIVARY SECRETION
		GASTRIC SECRETION
		PANCREATIC SECRETION
		BILIARY SECRETION
		INTESTINAL SECRETION
		CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
		LIPID DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
		PROTEIN DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
		VITAMIN ABSORPTION
		ELECTROLYTE AND MINERAL ABSORPTION
		WATER ABSORPTION
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 27: Liver Physiology
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		LIVER STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
		DRUG METABOLISM IN THE LIVER
		ENERGY METABOLISM IN THE LIVER
		PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID METABOLISM IN THE LIVER
		LIVER AS STORAGE ORGAN
		ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER
		Chapter Summary
Part VIII: Temperature Regulation and Exercise Physiology
	Chapter 28: Regulation of Body Temperature
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		BODY TEMPERATURE AND HEAT TRANSFER
		BALANCE BETWEEN HEAT PRODUCTION AND HEAT LOSS
		METABOLIC RATE AND HEAT PRODUCTION AT REST
		HEAT DISSIPATION
		THERMOREGULATORY CONTROL
		THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES DURING EXERCISE
		HEAT ACCLIMATIZATION
		RESPONSES TO COLD
		CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THERMOREGULATION
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 29: Exercise Physiology
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		OXYGEN UPTAKE AND EXERCISE
		CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
		RESPIRATORY RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
		SKELETAL MUSCLE AND BONE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
		GASTROINTESTINAL, METABOLIC, AND ENDOCRINE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
		AGING AND IMMUNE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
		Chapter Summary
Part IX: Endocrine Physiology
	Chapter 30: Endocrine Control Mechanisms
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		GENERAL CONCEPTS OF ENDOCRINE CONTROL
		HORMONE CLASSES
		MECHANISMS OF HORMONE ACTION
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 31: Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY AXIS
		POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
		ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 32: Thyroid Gland
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
		THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS, SECRETION, AND METABOLISM
		THYROID HORMONE MECHANISM OF ACTION
		THYROID HORMONE FUNCTION
		THYROID FUNCTION ABNORMALITIES IN ADULTS
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 33: Adrenal Gland
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
		METABOLISM OF ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES
		ADRENAL MEDULLA HORMONES
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 34: Endocrine Pancreas
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
		INSULIN AND GLUCAGON INFLUENCE ON METABOLIC FUELS
		DIABETES MELLITUS
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 35: Endocrine Regulation of Calcium, Phosphate, and Bone Homeostasis
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		OVERVIEW OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE IN THE BODY
		CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM
		PLASMA CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE REGULATION
		BONE DYSFUNCTION
		Chapter Summary
Part X: Reproductive Physiology
	Chapter 36: Male Reproductive System
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		ENDOCRINE GLANDS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
		TESTICULAR FUNCTION AND REGULATION
		MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
		SPERMATOGENESIS
		ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE TESTIS
		ANDROGEN ACTION AND MALE DEVELOPMENT
		MALE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 37: Female Reproductive System
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		HORMONAL REGULATION OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
		FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
		FOLLICULOGENESIS, STEROIDOGENESIS, ATRESIA, AND MEIOSIS
		FOLLICLE SELECTION AND OVULATION
		MENSTRUAL CYCLE
		ESTROGEN, PROGESTIN, AND ANDROGEN METABOLISM
		INFERTILITY
		Chapter Summary
	Chapter 38: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Fetal Development
		ACTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
		OVUM AND SPERM TRANSPORT
		FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION
		PREGNANCY
		FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND PARTURITION
		POSTPARTUM AND PREPUBERTAL PERIODS
		SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS
		Chapter Summary
Appendix
Glossary
Index
Normal Blood, Plasma, or Serum Values