Mechanics of Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites

Contents
About the Editors
Introduction of Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction to Nanomaterials
		2.1 Zero-Dimensional
		2.2 One-Dimensional
		2.3 Two-Dimensional
		2.4 Three-Dimensional
	3 From Nanomaterials to Polymer Nanocomposites
		3.1 Classification of Polymer Nanocomposites
		3.2 Methods for the Incorporation of Nanomaterials in a Polymer Matrix
	4 Mechanics of Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites
		4.1 Techniques and Equipment to Characterize the Mechanical Properties
		4.2 Mechanical Investigation
		4.3 Strain
	5 Conclusion
	References
Carbon Nanotubes Particles: Processing, Mechanical Properties and Application
	1 Introduction
	2 History of Carbon Nanotubes
	3 Structure and Models of CNT
	4 Synthesis Methods
		4.1 High Temperature Methods
		4.2 Medium Temperature Methods
		4.3 Low Temperature Methods
	5 Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
		5.1 Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
		5.2 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
		5.3 Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
	6 Functionalization of CNTs
		6.1 Covalent Functionalization of CNT
		6.2 Non-covalent Functionalization
	7 Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites
		7.1 Preparation of Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites
		7.2 Mechanical Properties of Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites
		7.3 Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites Application
	8 Conclusion
	References
Mechanical Characterization of Graphene Nanoparticles
	1 Introduction
	2 Classifications and Characteristics of Graphene
		2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphene
	3 Mechanical Characterization Methods
		3.1 Optical Microscopy
		3.2 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
		3.3 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
		3.4 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
		3.5 Raman Spectrum (Raman)
	4 Tensile Strength and Young’s Modulus of Graphene
	5 Summary
	References
Nanostructured Metals: Optical, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties
	1 Introduction
	2 Applications
		2.1 Catalysis
		2.2 SERS
		2.3 SEF—Surface Enhanced Fluorescence
		2.4 LSPR-Based Sensing
		2.5 NIR Photothermal Therapy
		2.6 Surface-Based Electronic Devices
	3 Nanostructured Metals
	4 Synthesis Routes of Metal Nanostructures
		4.1 Top-Down Route
		4.2 Bottom-Up Route
	5 Characterization Techniques of Nanostructured Metals
	6 Properties of Metal Nanostructures
		6.1 Optical Properties
		6.2 Electrical Properties
		6.3 Mechanical Properties
	7 Conclusion
	References
Green Nanomaterials: Processing, Characterization and Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Green Nanomaterial Processing
		2.1 Processing of Nanocellulose—A Green Nanomaterial
		2.2 Processing of PLA Composites
		2.3 Processing of Cellulose-Based Composites
	3 Green Nanomaterial Characterizations
		3.1 X-ray Diffraction
		3.2 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX)
		3.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
		3.4 Other Characterization Techniques
	4 Applications of Green Nanomaterials
		4.1  Wastewater Treatment and Remediation
		4.2 Packaging
		4.3 Coatings
		4.4 Biomedical Treatment
		4.5 Other Applications of Green Nanomaterials
	5 Conclusions and Future Outlook
	References
Nanocellulose: Extraction, Mechanical Properties, and Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Extraction Method
		2.1 Mechanical Method
		2.2 Chemical Method
		2.3 Enzymatic Methods
	3 Applications
	4 Mechanical Properties
	5 Conclusion
	References
Nanomaterials Based Polymer Composites: Mechanical Properties
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanomaterials
		2.1 Mechanics of Nanomaterials
	3 Polymer Nanocomposites
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Structure of Polymer Nanocomposites
		3.3 Mechanics of Polymer Nanocomposites (PNCs)
	4 Future Outlook
	5 Conclusions
	References
Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Nanocomposites
	1 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis Fundaments
	2 Types of Fillers
	3 Interaction of Nano Fillers with Thermoplastics and Thermoset Matrices
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fracture Toughness of Polymer Nanocomposites
	1 Introduction
	2 Fracture Toughness Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites
	3 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites
	4 Limitations of Polymer Nanocomposites
	5 Summary
	References
Finite Deformation of Polymer Nanocomposites
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Thermo-viscoelastic Properties
	2 Finite Deformation Gradient—An Atomistically-Informed Multiscale Method
		2.1 Crack Progress
		2.2 Elastic Properties
		2.3 Shape Memory
		2.4 Heterogeneous Elastic Structural Elements
	3 Deformation Mechanisms
		3.1 Elastic Response
		3.2 Glassy Polymers
	4 Conclusion
	References
Micromechanics of Nanomaterials Based Polymer Nanocomposites
	1 Introduction
	2 Shape Memory
	3 Carbon Nanotube (CNT)
		3.1 CNT
		3.2 CNT—Polymer Media
		3.3 CNT—Interface–Treated
	4 Montmorillonite Nanoparticles
	5 Graphene
	6 Graphene Oxide
	7 CNT-Filled Polymer
		7.1 Graphene-Based Nanoplatelets
	8 CNT—Polyimide
	9 EGaIn—Polymer
	10 Conclusion
	References
Nanocomposites: Homogenization and Kinematic Relations
	1 Introduction
	2 Historical Background
	3 Nanocomposite Classification
	4 Raw Materials
	5 Nanofillers
	6 Manufacturing Methods
		6.1 In-situ Polymerization
		6.2 Melt Intercalation
		6.3 Exfoliation-Adsorption
		6.4 Melt-Spinning
		6.5 Electrospinning
		6.6 Sol–Gel
	7 Nanocomposite Homogenization Techniques
	8 Homogenization Measurement Methods
	9 Nanocomposite Kinematics
	10 Nanocomposite Homogenization and Kinematic Relation
	11 Nanocomposite Materials Characterization
		11.1 Surface Morphology of Nanocomposite
		11.2 Mechanical Properties Nanocomposites
	12 Nanocomposite Applications
	13 Nanocomposites in Economic and Environmental Perspective
	14 Challenges and Future Prospective of Nanocomposites
	15 Conclusion
	References