Mechanics of Materials, Fifth Edition

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
About The Authors......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 14
List of Symbols......Page 20
\nContents......Page 8
1: INTRODUCTION—CONCEPT OF STRESS......Page 24
1.2 A Short Review of the Methods of Statistics......Page 25
1.3 Stress in the Members of a Structure......Page 28
1.4 Analysis and Design......Page 29
1.5 Axial Loading; Normal Stress......Page 30
1.6 Shearing Stress......Page 32
1.7 Bearing Stress in Connections......Page 34
1.8 Application to the Analysis and Design of Simple Structures......Page 35
1.9 Method of Problem Solution......Page 37
1.10 Numerical Accuracy......Page 38
1.11 Stress on an Oblique Plane Under Axial Loading......Page 46
1.12 Stress Under Genaral Loading Conditions; Components of Stress......Page 47
1.13 Design Considerations......Page 50
Review and Summary for Chapter 1......Page 61
2: STRESS AND STRAIN—AXIAL LOADING......Page 69
2.1 Introduction......Page 70
2.2 Normal Strain Under Axial Loading......Page 71
2.3 Stress-Strain Diagram......Page 73
*2.4 True Stress and True Strain......Page 78
2.5 Hooke\'s Law; Modulus of Elasticity......Page 79
2.6 Elastic Versus Plastic Behavior of a Material......Page 80
2.7 Repeated Loading; Fatigue......Page 82
2.8 Deformations of Members Under Axial Loading......Page 84
2.9 Stastically Indeterminate Problems......Page 93
2.10 Problems Involving Temperature Changes......Page 97
2.11 Poisson\'s Ratio......Page 107
2.12 Multiaxial Loading; Genaralized Hooke\'s Law......Page 108
*2.13 Dilatation; Bulk Modulus......Page 110
2.14 Shearing Strain......Page 112
2.15 Further Discussion of Deformations Under Axial Loading; Relation Among E, v, and G......Page 115
*2.16 Stress-Strain Relationships for Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials......Page 118
2.17 Stress and Strain Distrubition Under Axial Loading; Saint-Venant\'s Principle......Page 127
2.18 Stress Concentrations......Page 130
2.19 Plastic Deformations......Page 132
*2.20 Residual Stresses......Page 136
Review and Summary for Chapter 2......Page 144
3: TORSION......Page 154
3.1. Introduction......Page 155
3.2 Preliminary Discussion of the Stresses in a Shaft......Page 157
3.3 Deformations in a Circular Shaft......Page 159
3.4 Stress in the Elastic Range......Page 162
3.5 Angle of Twist in the Elastic Range......Page 173
3.6 Statically Indeterminate Shafts......Page 176
3.7 Design of Transmission Shafts......Page 188
3.8 Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts......Page 190
*3.9 Plastic Deformations in Circular Shafts......Page 195
*3.10 Circular Shafts Made of an Elastoplastic Material......Page 197
*3.11 Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts......Page 200
*3.12 Torsion of Noncircular Members......Page 209
*3.13 Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts......Page 212
Review and Summary for Chapter 3......Page 221
4: PURE BENDING......Page 231
4.1 Introduction......Page 232
4.2 Symmetric Member in Pure Bending......Page 234
4.3 Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Pure Bending......Page 236
4.4 Stresses and Deformations in the Elastic Range......Page 239
4.5 Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section......Page 243
4.6 Bending of Members Made of Several Materials......Page 253
4.7 Stress Concentrations......Page 257
*4.8 Plastic Deformations......Page 266
*4.9 Members Made of an Elastoplastic Material......Page 269
*4.11 Residual Stresses......Page 273
4.12 Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry......Page 283
4.13 Unsymmetric Bending......Page 293
4.14 General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading......Page 299
*4.15 Bending of Curved Members......Page 308
Review and Summary for Chapter 4......Page 321
5: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS\nFOR BENDING......Page 330
5.1 Introduction......Page 331
5.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams......Page 334
5.3 Relations among Load, Shear, and Bending Moment......Page 345
5.4 Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending......Page 355
*5.5 Using Singularity Functions to Determine Shear and\nBending Moment in a Beam......Page 366
*5.6 Nonprismatic Beams......Page 377
Review and Summary for Chapter 5......Page 386
6: SHEARING STRESSES IN BEAMS\nAND THIN-WALLED MEMBERS......Page 394
6.1 Introduction......Page 395
6.2 Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element......Page 397
6.3 Determination of the Shearing Stresses in a Beam......Page 399
6.4 Shearing Stresses in Common Types of Beams......Page 400
*6.5 Further Discussion of the Distribution of Stresses\nin a Narrow Rectangular Beam......Page 403
6.6 Longitudinal Shear on a Beam Element of Arbitrary\nShape......Page 411
6.7 Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members......Page 413
*6.8 Plastic Deformations......Page 415
*6.9 Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members;\nShear Center......Page 425
Review and Summary for Chapter 6......Page 437
7: TRANSFORMATIONS OF STRESS\nAND STRAIN......Page 445
7.1 Introduction......Page 446
7.2 Transformation of Plane Stress......Page 448
7.3 Principal Stresses: Maximum Shearing Stress......Page 451
7.4 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress......Page 459
7.5 General State of Stress......Page 469
7.6 Application of Mohr’s Circle to the Three-Dimensional\nAnalysis of Stress......Page 471
*7.7 Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane\nStress......Page 474
*7.8 Fracture Criteria for Brittle Materials under Plane\nStress......Page 476
7.9 Stresses in Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels......Page 485
*7.10 Transformation of Plane Strain......Page 493
*7.11 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Strain......Page 496
*7.12 Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain......Page 498
*7.13 Measurements of Strain; Strain Rosette......Page 501
Review and Summary for Chapter 7......Page 509
8: PRINCIPAL STRESSES UNDER\nA GIVEN LOADING......Page 518
*8.1 Introduction......Page 519
*8.2 Principal Stresses in a Beam......Page 520
*8.3 Design of Transmission Shafts......Page 523
*8.4 Stresses under Combined Loadings......Page 531
Review and Summary for Chapter 8......Page 544
9:\nDEFLECTION OF BEAMS......Page 552
9.1 Introduction......Page 553
9.2 Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading......Page 555
9.3 Equation of the Elastic Curve......Page 556
*9.4 Direct Determination of the Elastic Curve from the\nLoad Distribution......Page 561
9.5 Statically Indeterminate Beams......Page 563
*9.6 Using Singularity Functions to Determine the\nSlope and Deflection of a Beam......Page 572
9.7 Method of Superposition......Page 581
9.8 Application of Superposition to Statically Indeterminate Beams......Page 583
9.9. Moment-Area Theorems......Page 592
*9.10 Application To Cantilever Beams And Beams With Symmetric Loadings......Page 594
*9.11 Bending-Moment Diangrams By Parts......Page 596
9.12 Application Of Moment-Areea Theorems To Beams With Unisymmetric Loadings......Page 605
*9.13 Maximum Deflection......Page 607
*9.14 Use Of Moment-Area Theorems With Statically Indeterminate Beams......Page 609
Review And Summary for Chapter 9......Page 617
10: COLUMNS......Page 629
10.1. Introduction......Page 630
10.2 Stability Of Structures......Page 631
10.3 Euler’s Formula For Pin-Ended Columns......Page 633
10.4 Extension Of Euler’s Formula To Columns With Other End Conditions......Page 637
10.5 Eccentric Loading; The Secant Formula......Page 648
10.6 Design Of Columns Under A Centric Load......Page 659
10.7 Design Of Columns Under An Eccentric Load......Page 675
Review And Summary for Chapter 10......Page 685
11: ENERGY METHODS......Page 692
11.2 Strain Energy......Page 693
11.3 Strain-Energy Density......Page 695
11.4 Elastic Strain Energy For Normal Stresses......Page 697
11.5 Elastic Strain Energy For Shearung Stresses......Page 700
11.6 Strain Energy For A General State Of Stress......Page 703
11.7 Impact Loading......Page 716
11.8 Design For Impact Loads......Page 718
11.9 Work And Energy Under A Single Load......Page 719
11.10 Deflection Under A Single Load By The Work-Energy Method......Page 721
*11.11 Work And Energy Under Several Loads......Page 732
*11.12 Castigliano’s Theorem......Page 734
*11.13 Deflections By Castigliano\'s Theorem......Page 735
*11.14 Statically Indeterminate Structures......Page 739
Review and Summary for Chapter 11......Page 749
APPENDICES......Page 758
A Moments of Areas......Page 759
B Typical Properties of Selected Materials Used in Engineering......Page 769
C Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes......Page 773
D Beam Deflections and Slopes......Page 785
E Fundamentals of Engineering Examination......Page 786
Photo Credits......Page 788
Index......Page 790
Answers to Problems......Page 802