Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Global Edition

Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Types of Material Failure
	1.3 Design and Materials Selection
	1.4 Technological Challenge
	1.5 Economic Importance of Fracture
	1.6 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
2 Structure, Defects, and Deformation in Materials
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Bonding in Solids
	2.3 Structure in Crystalline Materials
	2.4 Defects in Materials
	2.5 Elastic Deformation and Theoretical Strength
	2.6 Inelastic Deformation
	2.7 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
3 Mechanical Testing: Tension Test and Stress–Strain Mechanisms
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Introduction to Tension Test
	3.3 Engineering Stress–Strain Properties
	3.4 Materials Science Description of Tensile Behavior
	3.5 Trends in Tensile Behavior
	3.6 True Stress–Strain Interpretation of Tension Test
	3.7 Materials Selection for Engineering Components
	3.8 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
4 Mechanical Testing: Additional Basic Tests
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Compression Test
	4.3 Hardness Tests
	4.4 Notch-Impact Tests
	4.5 Bending and Torsion Tests
	4.6 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
5 Stress–Strain Relationships and Behavior
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior
	5.3 Elastic Deformation
	5.4 Anisotropic Materials
	5.5 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
6 Review of Complex and Principal States of Stress and Strain
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Plane Stress
	6.3 Principal Stresses and the Maximum Shear Stress
	6.4 Three-Dimensional States of Stress
	6.5 Stresses on the Octahedral Planes
	6.6 Complex States of Strain
	6.7 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
7 Yielding and Fracture Under Combined Stresses
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 General Form of Failure Criteria
	7.3 Maximum Normal Stress Fracture Criterion
	7.4 Maximum Shear Stress Yield Criterion
	7.5 Octahedral Shear Stress Yield Criterion
	7.6 Discussion of the Basic Failure Criteria
	7.7 Coulomb–Mohr Fracture Criterion
	7.8 Modified Mohr Fracture Criterion
	7.9 Additional Comments on Failure Criteria
	7.10 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
8 Fracture of Cracked Members
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Preliminary Discussion
	8.3 Mathematical Concepts
	8.4 Application of K to Design and Analysis
	8.5 Additional Topics on Application of K
	8.6 Fracture Toughness Values and Trends
	8.7 Plastic Zone Size, and Plasticity Limitations on LEFM
	8.8 Discussion of Fracture Toughness Testing
	8.9 Extensions of Fracture Mechanics Beyond Linear Elasticity
	8.10 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
9 Fatigue of Materials: Introduction and Stress-based Approach
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Definitions and Concepts
	9.3 Sources of Cyclic Loading
	9.4 Fatigue Testing
	9.5 The Physical Nature of Fatigue Damage
	9.6 Trends in S-N Curves
	9.7 Mean Stresses
	9.8 Multiaxial Stresses
	9.9 Variable Amplitude Loading
	9.10 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
10 Stress-based Approach to Fatigue: Notched Members
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Notch Effects
	10.3 Notch Sensitivity and Empirical Estimates of kf
	10.4 Estimating Long-Life Fatigue Strengths (Fatigue Limits)
	10.5 Notch Effects at Intermediate and Short Lives
	10.6 Combined Effects of Notches and Mean Stress
	10.7 Estimating S-N Curves
	10.8 Use of Component S-N Data
	10.9 Designing to Avoid Fatigue Failure
	10.10 Discussion
	10.11 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
11 Fatigue Crack Growth
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Preliminary Discussion
	11.3 Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing
	11.4 Effects of R = Smin/Smax on Fatigue Crack Growth
	11.5 Trends in Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior
	11.6 Life Estimates for Constant Amplitude Loading
	11.7 Life Estimates for Variable Amplitude Loading
	11.8 Design Considerations
	11.9 Plasticity Aspects and Limitations of LEFM for Fatigue Crack
Growth
	11.10 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
12 Environmentally Assisted Cracking
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Definitions, Concepts, and Analysis
	12.3 EAC in Metals: Basic Mechanisms
	12.4 Hydrogen-Induced Embrittlement
	12.5 Liquid Metal Embrittlement
	12.6 EAC of Polymers
	12.7 EAC of Glasses and Ceramics
	12.8 Additional Comments and Preventative Measures
	References
	Problems and Questions
13 Plastic Deformation Behavior and Models for Materials
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Stress–Strain Curves
	13.3 Three-Dimensional Stress–Strain Relationships
	13.4 Unloading and Cyclic Loading Behavior from Rheological
Models
	13.5 Cyclic Stress–Strain Behavior of Real Materials
	13.6 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
14 Stress–Strain Analysis of Plastically Deforming Members
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Plasticity in Bending
	14.3 Residual Stresses and Strains for Bending
	14.4 Plasticity of Circular Shafts in Torsion
	14.5 Notched Members
	14.6 Cyclic Loading
	14.7 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
15 Strain-Based Approach to Fatigue
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Strain Versus Life Curves
	15.3 Mean Stress Effects
	15.4 Multiaxial Stress Effects
	15.5 Life Estimates for Structural Components
	15.6 Additional Discussion
	15.7 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
16 Time-Dependent Behavior: Creep and Damping
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Creep Testing
	16.3 Physical Mechanisms of Creep
	16.4 Time–Temperature Parameters and Life Estimates
	16.5 Creep Failure under Varying Stress
	16.6 Stress–Strain–Time Relationships
	16.7 Creep Deformation under Varying Stress
	16.8 Creep Deformation under Multiaxial Stress
	16.9 Component Stress–Strain Analysis
	16.10 Energy Dissipation (Damping) in Materials
	16.11 Summary
	References
	Problems and Questions
Appendix A Review of Selected Topics from Mechanics of Materials
	A.1 Introduction
	A.2 Basic Formulas for Stresses and Deflections
	A.3 Properties of Areas
	A.4 Shears, Moments, and Deflections in Beams
	A.5 Stresses in Pressure Vessels, Tubes, and Discs
	A.6 Elastic Stress Concentration Factors for Notches
	A.7 Fully Plastic Yielding Loads
	References
Appendix B Statistical Variation in Materials Properties
	B.1 Introduction
	B.2 Mean and Standard Deviation
	B.3 Normal or Gaussian Distribution
	B.4 Typical Variation in Materials Properties
	B.5 One-Sided Tolerance Limits
	B.6 Discussion
	References
Appendix C A Survey of Engineering Materials
	C.1 Introduction
	C.2 Alloying and Processing of Metals
	C.3 Irons and Steels
	C.4 Nonferrous Metals
	C.5 Polymers
	C.6 Ceramics and Glasses
	C.7 Composite Materials
	C.8 Summary
	References
Answers for Selected Problems and Questions
Bibliography
Index
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