Meat Less: The Next Food Revolution (Copernicus Books)

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Author
1: Should I Eat Meat?
	A Meat-Stuffed Past
2: Meat and the Environment: How Livestock Are Taking a Big Bite Out of Our Planet
	The Need to Feed
	People Love Meat (Especially Americans)
	Animals are Not Efficient Food Sources
	Don’t Feed the Animals (or You’ll Damage the Environment)
	All Farms Are Not the Same
	It’s Important to Set Clear Boundaries
	Support Diversity
	My Takeaway
	References
3: An Ethical Dilemma: To Meat or Not to Meat?
	Doing the Right Thing Is Hard
	What Is Ethics?
	Situational Ethics
	Where Do We Get Our Moral Compass?
	The Size and Shape of the Problem
	All Lives Are Not the Same
	Meat Eating: All or Nothing?
	Regulating Life and Death: Do Animal Welfare Regulations Solve the Problem?
	Cowmageddon – What Would Happen to Livestock Animals If We Stopped Eating Meat?
	My Takeaway
	References
4: Meat and Nutrition
	Is Eating Less Meat Healthier?
	What Is Health?
	How Does Food Affect Our Health?
	Fantastic Voyage: From Our Foods to Our Bodies
	Gut Evolution: Are We Designed to Eat Meat?
	The Agricultural Revolution: Going Backwards
	Can We Get All the Nutrients We Need from a Meat-Free Diet?
	Macronutrients
		Proteins
		Fats
		Carbohydrates
	Micronutrients
		Iron
		Zinc
		Calcium
		Vitamin B12
		Vitamin D
	Omega-3s
	Nutraceuticals
	Digestibility and Bioavailability
	Are Vegetarians and Vegans Healthier than Meat Eaters?
	All Plant-Based Diets Are Not the Same
	My Takeaway
	References
5: Staying Alive: Is a Meat-Free Diet Safer?
	Keeping Our Foods Safe
	The Good Old Days
	Food Regulations
	Which Is Safer: Animal- or Plant-Based Foods?
	The Severity of Illness
	Drugs and Chemicals
	The Rise of Superbugs: Antimicrobial Resistance
	The Shock of the New: Allergies
	Not to Be Taken Lightly: Heavy Metals
	A Growing Problem: Microplastics
	Home Chemistry: Toxins Produced During Cooking
	Global Pandemics
	My Takeaway
	References
6: Plant-Based Meat: Building Meat from Plants
	Turning Plants into Meat
	The Structural Architecture of Meat
	Plant-Derived Ingredients
		Proteins
		Carbohydrates
		Fats
		Special Effects: Colors and Flavors
		The Food Artists Palette: Plant-Based Ingredients
	Food Architecture: Assembling Plant-Based Meats
		Designing and Building Meat Analogs
		Machining Meat Analogs
			Extruders
			Shear Cell Technology
			3-D Printers
		Molecular Design of Meat Analogs
		Data-Driven Design
	Are Plant-Based Foods Better for Our Planet?
	Is Plant-Based Meat Healthier?
	Is Plant-Based Meat Safer to Eat?
	Is Plant-Based Meat More Ethical?
	But Can Eating Plant-Based Meat Really Make a Difference?
	My Takeaway
	References
7: Biotech Meat: Growing Meat from Cells
	Should We Believe the Hype?
	The Biotech Revolution
	Cultured Animal Cells: Clean Meat
		How Is Cultured Meat Made?
		A Brief History of Cultured Meat
		Better than Real Meat?
		Making Cultured Meat a Reality
		Cultured Bug Meat
		Celebrity Meat and Cannibal Burgers
	Cultured Microbial Cells: Microbial Meat
		A Fortuitous Tour
		Producing Microbial Meat
		Better than Real Meat?
		A Diverse World
		Food from Air
	Precision Fermentation: Milking Microbes
		What Is Precision Fermentation?
		I Love GMO
		Fermenting Our Future Foods
			Special Effects – Colors and Flavors
			Leather and Desserts – Gelatin Replacements
			Guilty Pleasures – Fats and Oils
			Animal-Free Milk and Eggs
	My Takeaway
	References
8: Bug Meat: Assembling Meat from Insects
	What’s for Dinner? Bug Meat!
	Eating Bugs Is Normal
	Cooking with Bugs
	The Science of Bug Meat
	But Would You Eat It? The Yuck Factor
	The Power of Expectation
	Bug Burger Taste Tests
	Why Don’t We Like Eating Bugs?
	Changing Minds, Changing Palates
	We Shall Overcome
	We Are All Entomophagists Anyway
	Bug Farming: Mini-livestock
	Is Eating Bugs Good for the Environment?
	Is Bug-Based Meat Healthier for Us?
	Are Bugs Safe to Eat?
	Factory Pharms: Using Bug Bits as Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals
	Is it More Ethical to Eat Bugs?
	My Takeaway
	References
9: The Past Is the Future: Tofu and Tempeh Rejuvenated
	Inspirations from Our Edible History
	A Missed Opportunity in China
	History of Meat Alternatives
	Tofu
	History of Tofu
	Tofu Production
	Future Tofu
	Tempeh
	History of Tempeh
	Tempeh Production
	Future Tempeh
	Tofu and Tempeh: What Are the Benefits?
	My Takeaway
	References
10: Future Foods: Diet 2050
	Should I Eat Meat?
	Diet 2050
	References
Figure Permissions
	Chapter 3
	Chapter 4
	Chapter 5
	Chapter 6
	Chapter 8
Index