Materials Issues in a Hydrogen Economy: Proceedings of the International Symposium Richmond, Virginia, USA 12-15 November 2007

CONTENTS......Page 8
Preface......Page 6
Overview......Page 12
1. Introduction......Page 14
2. Strategic Issues......Page 15
3. Strategies for the Hydrogen Economy......Page 20
Acknowledgments......Page 22
References......Page 23
Hydrogen Production......Page 25
1. Introduction......Page 26
2.1. Hydrogen production via thermochemical water splitting cycles (TCWSCs)......Page 29
2.2. TCWSC efficiency......Page 33
2.3. Sulfuric acid/metal sulfate based TCWSCs......Page 35
3.1. S-NH3 hybrid cycle......Page 43
3.2. Rate of H2 production for the S-NH3 TCWSC......Page 45
4.1. Modified cycles......Page 47
4.2. Decomposition of metal oxide & ammonium sulfate mixtures......Page 49
References......Page 54
1. Introduction......Page 57
2. New Photocatalyst Materials for Water Splitting......Page 58
4. Solar Hydrogen Production Using Water and Abundant Sulfur Compounds on Metal Sulfide Photocatalysts......Page 60
5. Solar Hydrogen Production from Water Using Visible Light Driven Photocatalysts......Page 61
6. Conclusions......Page 62
References......Page 63
1. Introduction......Page 65
2.1. Experiment......Page 66
2.2. Method of e-LCA......Page 67
3.1. Direct production of high-pressure hydrogen......Page 69
3.2. Exergetic-LCA......Page 71
References......Page 72
1. Introduction......Page 73
2. Experimental......Page 74
3. Results and Discussion......Page 75
References......Page 79
1. Introduction......Page 81
2. Redox Material Development......Page 83
3. Manufacturing and Coating of Honeycomb Solar Receivers......Page 84
4. Solar Reactors......Page 85
5. System Scale-up......Page 87
Acknowledgements......Page 88
References......Page 89
Hydrogen Storage......Page 92
1.1. Structure and Bonding of Metal-Dihydrogen Complexes......Page 94
1.3. Binding of H2 to Surfaces and Non-Metals......Page 97
2. Activation of H2 in Hydrogenases and Biomimetic H2 Production......Page 98
3. H2 Complexes Relevant to H2 Storage......Page 100
References......Page 101
1. Introduction......Page 103
1.1. Surface Area......Page 104
1.3. Excess Volume in Deformed Regions......Page 106
2. Conclusions......Page 110
References......Page 111
1. Introduction......Page 113
1.1.1. Formation of TiAl3......Page 115
1.2. Theoretical Findings......Page 116
1.2.3. Vacancy Mediated Hydrogen Desorption......Page 117
2. Calculation Methods......Page 118
3. Results and Discussions......Page 119
3.1. Ti Substitution at the Al Site......Page 121
3.2. Ti Substitution at the Na Site......Page 123
3.3. Formation of a NaH and AlH3 vacancy......Page 124
References......Page 125
1. Introduction......Page 127
2. Experimental......Page 128
3. Results......Page 129
4. Discussion......Page 132
References......Page 133
1. Introduction......Page 135
3. Results and discussion......Page 137
References......Page 139
1. Introduction......Page 141
2. Experimental......Page 142
3.1. IR Spectra of LiBH4 and NaBH4 at Room Temperature......Page 143
3.2. IR Spectra of LiBH4 and NaBH4 at Low Temperature......Page 145
References......Page 147
1. Introduction......Page 149
3.1. LiAlH4......Page 150
3.2. NaAlH4......Page 151
3.3. MgH2/Mg99Ni1......Page 152
References......Page 153
1.1. High pressure metal hydride (MH) tank......Page 155
1.2. TiCrV alloy with bcc phase......Page 156
2.2. Tank system test......Page 157
3.1.1. TiCrV alloy......Page 158
3.1.2. TiCrVMo alloy......Page 159
3.2. Tank test results......Page 161
References......Page 164
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 166
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES......Page 169
3.1. Structural Characterization of Fe-C60......Page 170
3.2. Structural Characterization of LixC60......Page 175
3.3. New Hydrogen Adsorption Sites: Fe-C60......Page 176
3.4. New Hydrogen Adsorption Sites: LixC60......Page 180
4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 181
References......Page 182
1. Introduction......Page 184
2. Computational details......Page 187
3. Results and discussion......Page 188
4. Conclusions......Page 192
References......Page 193
1. Introduction......Page 195
2.1. Gravimetry......Page 196
2.4. Hydrogenography......Page 197
3. Comparison on MgH2......Page 198
References......Page 201
1. Introduction......Page 203
2. Experimental Details......Page 204
3. MAS-NMR Studies of Sc-Doped NaAlH4......Page 205
4. MAS-NMR Studies of Metal Borohydrides Systems......Page 206
5. MAS-NMR Studies of Metal Amides......Page 209
Acknowledgments......Page 211
References......Page 212
1. Introduction......Page 214
2.2. Electrochemical test method......Page 215
3.1. Electrochemical properties......Page 216
3.2. Phase structure......Page 217
3.3. Microstructure......Page 218
4. Conclusion......Page 220
References......Page 221
1. Introduction......Page 222
2.1. Displacements, strains and balance......Page 223
2.2.1. Liner behaviour......Page 224
2.2.2. Laminate behaviour......Page 225
2.3. Problem to solve......Page 226
2.4. Boundary conditions......Page 227
3.1. The prototype and the material properties......Page 228
3.2. Residual stress after manufacturing process and experimental results......Page 229
References......Page 231
1. Introduction......Page 232
2. Experimental procedure......Page 233
3. Results and discussions......Page 234
4. Conclusions......Page 238
References......Page 239
High Hydrogen Absorption in Titanium Ethylene Complexes at Room Temperature A. Phillips and B.S. Shivaram......Page 240
References......Page 244
1. Introduction......Page 245
2. Computational Methods......Page 246
3.1. Stable structures......Page 247
3.2. Dehydrogenation energetics......Page 249
3.3. The first unimolecular step......Page 251
4. Conclusions......Page 252
References......Page 253
1. Introduction......Page 255
2. Hydrogen storage in B-N cage......Page 256
3. Hydrogen storage in metal decorated C60......Page 259
4. Hybrid nanostructures for hydrogen storage......Page 263
5. Hydrogen absorption in supra Cp structures......Page 266
References......Page 269
Fuel Cells......Page 272
1. Introduction......Page 274
2. Experiments......Page 275
3. Results and discussion......Page 276
4. Conclusion......Page 281
References......Page 282
New PEM Fuel Cell Membranes for Higher Temperature, Drier Operating Conditions based on the Heteropolyacids A. M. Herring, N. V. Aieta, M.-C. Kuo, J. L. Horan, S. F. Dec, M. H. Frey, A. Genupur, L. Ren, S. J. Hamrock, M. A. Yandrasits, and G. M. Haugen......Page 284
2. PFSA/HPA composites......Page 285
3. PolyPOMs......Page 287
Acknowledgments......Page 290
References......Page 291
1. Introduction......Page 293
Crystalline Non-Noble Metal Membranes......Page 294
Amorphous Non-Noble Metal Membranes......Page 295
Electrochemical Permeation Testing......Page 296
Gas Permeation Testing......Page 297
3. Results and Discussion......Page 299
4. Conclusions......Page 306
References......Page 307
Safety and Education......Page 308
1. Introduction......Page 310
2.1. Strength-based methodology......Page 311
2.2. Strength-based assessment of hydrogen compatibility......Page 312
2.3. Fracture-control methodology......Page 313
2.4. Fracture-based assessment of hydrogen compatibility......Page 314
3. Design Problem......Page 315
3.2. Fracture-control analysis......Page 316
4. Summary......Page 318
References......Page 319
1. Introduction......Page 320
2.1 National Templates......Page 322
2.2 Research, Development, and Demonstration for Codes and Standards......Page 324
References......Page 326
1. Introduction......Page 328
2.1. Calibration Flow Cell......Page 329
2.2. Fire Emulator / Detector Evaluator......Page 330
3. Results......Page 332
References......Page 335
Panel Summary S. W. Jorgensen, R. Chahine, J. P. Meyers, G. D. Parks, A. A. Pundt, and Y. Filinchuk......Page 336
Production and Delivery......Page 337
Storage......Page 338
Hydrogen Economy beyond the Transportation Sector......Page 343
Scientific Program......Page 346
Organization......Page 356
Participants......Page 358
Author Index......Page 374