Materials for Lightweight Constructions

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Foreword
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction to lightweight materials
	1.1 Overview of materials
	1.2 Importance of lightweight materials
	1.3 Lightweight materials in the twenty-first century
		1.3.1 Metal alloys
		1.3.2 Composites
		1.3.3 Polymers
	1.4 Opportunities for new materials and research
	1.5 Industry revolution towards materials and structures
	1.6 Applications
	References
Chapter 2: Metals and alloys for lightweight automotive structures
	2.1 Needs of metals and alloys in automotive area
	2.2 Demand for weight reduction
	2.3 Material selection
		2.3.1 Aluminum
		2.3.2 Magnesium
		2.3.3 Advanced high strength steel (AHSS)
		2.3.4 Titanium
	2.4 Applications
		2.4.1 Aluminum applications
		2.4.2 Magnesium applications
		2.4.3 AHSS applications
		2.4.4 Titanium applications
	References
Chapter 3: Polymers for structural applications
	3.1 Natural fiber as reinforcement in polymers
	3.2 Synthetic fiber as reinforcement in polymers
	3.3 Particulate and filler as reinforcement in polymers
	3.4 Issues with polymers in composite materials
	3.5 Applications
	3.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4: Chemical property and characteristics of polymer
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Natural fiber as reinforcement in polymers
		4.2.1 Treatments of natural fibers
		4.2.2 Coconut, kelp, and jute fibers in mortars
		4.2.3 Sugarcane bagasse
	4.3 Synthetic fiber as reinforcement in polymers
		4.3.1 Polypropylene fiber polymer (PP)
		4.3.2 Polyethylene fiber polymer (PE)
		4.3.3 Acrylics (PAN)
		4.3.4 Carbon fibers
		4.3.5 Polyesters (PES)
		4.3.6 Aramid fibers
		4.3.7 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers
		4.3.8 Polyamide fibers (PA)
	4.4 Hybrid fibers
	4.5 Particulate and filler as reinforcements in polymers
		4.5.1 Particulate filler used by polymer type
		4.5.2 Natural and organic mineral-based particulate fillers
		4.5.3 Synthetic particulate fillers
		4.5.4 Nanofillers
	4.6 Issues with polymers
	4.7 Applications
		4.7.1 Uses of fiber composite polymer materials in construction
		4.7.2 Applications in other fields
	4.8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5: Mechanical testing and its performance
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Mechanical properties
		5.2.1 Tensile testing
		5.2.2 Impact testing
		5.2.3 Hardness testing
		5.2.4 Compressive strength testing
		5.2.5 Flexural strength testing
	5.3 Fatigue and creep
	5.4 Wear and erosion study
	5.5 Failure analysis
		5.5.1 Progressive failure by maximum stress criterion
		5.5.2 Tsai-Wu failure
	5.6 Microstructure effects
	5.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6: Green manufacturing and environment
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Recycling and reuse
	6.3 Comparative analysis with different materials
		6.3.1 Aluminum
		6.3.2 Paper
		6.3.3 Plastic
	6.4 Life-cycle assessment
		6.4.1 General description
		6.4.2 Example
	6.5 Case study: green manufacturing in the Czech Republic
		6.5.1 Conditions of the Czech Republic
		6.5.2 Parametric considerations
	6.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7: Lightweight 3D-printed materials
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Need and considerations of 3D-printed parts
	7.3 Design parameters
		7.3.1 Size
		7.3.2 Resolution
		7.3.3 Wall thickness
		7.3.4 Orientation
		7.3.5 Choice of material and design balance
	7.4 Manufacturing process for metals and polymers
		7.4.1 Steps in the AM process
		7.4.2 Types of the AM process
	7.5 Applications
	7.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8: Biodegradable materials
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Biocomposites
		8.2.1 Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs)
		8.2.2 General characteristics of NFRPCs
	8.3 Processing techniques
		8.3.1 Hand lay-up
		8.3.2 Compression molding
		8.3.3 Injection molding
		8.3.4 Resin transfer molding (RTM)
		8.3.5 Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM)
		8.3.6 Filament winding
		8.3.7 Pultrusion
	8.4 Impact of environmental parameters on NFRPCs
	8.5 Applications
		8.5.1 Automotive
		8.5.2 Aerospace
		8.5.3 Constructions
		8.5.4 Other applications
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9: Sustainable composites for lightweight applications
	9.1 Introduction to sustainable composites
	9.2 Sustainable natural fiber reinforcements and their morphological structures
		9.2.1 Hemp fiber
		9.2.2 Sisal fiber
		9.2.3 Flax fiber
	9.3 Design and manufacturing process of biocomposites
		9.3.1 Eco-design and sustainability
		9.3.2 Design for environment
		9.3.3 Design for manufacture
	9.4 Sustainability techniques for property enhancement
		9.4.1 Improvement of reinforcements and matrices through various treatments and fillers
			9.4.1.1 Chemical treatments
			9.4.1.2 Physical treatments
		9.4.2 Hybridization
			9.4.2.1 Intra-ply hybridization
	9.5 Future outlooks and challenges
		9.5.1 Journey of composite materials towards sustainability
		9.5.2 Market outlook and supply chain scenario
		9.5.3 Future outlook
	References
Chapter 10: Data-driven optimization of manufacturing processes
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Importance of modeling and optimization
	10.3 Soft computing approaches
		10.3.1 Artificial neural network (ANN)
		10.3.2 Full factorial method
		10.3.3 Response surface methodology
		10.3.4 Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)
	10.4 Optimization of manufacturing process
	10.5 Case study
		10.5.1 Wear test apparatus
		10.5.2 Wear test parameters
		10.5.3 Experimental results
		10.5.4 Taguchi analysis
	10.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11: Conclusion and challenges
	11.1 Pros and cons of lightweight materials
		11.1.1 High strength steel
		11.1.2 Aluminum and its alloy
		11.1.3 Carbon fiber composites
		11.1.4 Magnesium and its alloy
		11.1.5 Polymer composite materials
	11.2 Challenges of making lightweight materials
		11.2.1 Challenges faced in Advanced High Strength Steel
		11.2.2 Challenges faced in aluminum and its alloy
		11.2.3 Challenges faced in polymer composites
	11.3 Opportunities for research and development
		11.3.1 Industry insights
		11.3.2 Product insights
		11.3.3 Application insights
		11.3.4 Lightweight materials market share insights
	11.4 Scope for advanced lightweight materials
		11.4.1 Advanced lightweight materials market size and segment forecast, 2019–2026
		11.4.2 Product analysis
		11.4.3 End-use analysis
		11.4.4 Regional analysis
		11.4.5 The future scope of aluminum alloys
		11.4.6 The future scope of high-speed steel
		11.4.7 Advanced composite materials
	11.5 Recommendations and conclusion
	References
Index