Mastering Terraform: A Practical Guide to Building and Deploying Infrastructure on AWS, Azure, and GCP

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Foreword
Contributors
Table of Contents
Preface
Part 1: Foundations of Terraform
Chapter 1: Understanding Terraform Architecture
	Understanding Terraform architecture
		The plan
		Configuration language
		Modularity
	Understanding Terraform state
		State file
		Partial resource management
	Understanding how to build and consume modules
		Module design
		Consuming modules
	Understanding how to use the CLI effectively
		init
		validate
		workspace
		plan
		apply
		destroy
	Summary
Chapter 2: Using HashiCorp Configuration Language
	Resources and data sources
		Resources
		Data sources
	Locals and types
		Locals
		Primitive types
		Collection types
		Complex objects
	Inputs and outputs
		Inputs
		Outputs
	Meta-arguments
		Provider
		Depends on
		Lifecycle
	Loops and iterations
		For each
		For expressions
	Expressions
		Conditional expressions
		Splat expressions
		Dynamic blocks
	Functions
		Numeric functions
		String functions
		Collection functions
		Encoding functions
		Filesystem functions
		Date/time functions
		Hash/crypto functions
		IP network functions
		Type conversion functions
	Summary
Chapter 3: Leveraging HashiCorp Utility Providers
	Working with reality
		Randomizing
		Working with time
	Adaptation and integration
		Accessing external resources
		When you want to make something from nothing
		Making HTTP requests
	Filesystem
		Reading and writing local files
		Templating files and directories
		Generating file archives
	Operating system and networking
		Generating certificates and SSH keys
		Generating CloudInit configuration
		Configuring DNS records
	Summary
Part 2: Concepts of Cloud Architecture and Automation
Chapter 4: Understanding Virtual Machine Architecture Patterns
	Understanding the key concepts of networking
		Networking
		Subnets
		Routing
		Network security
		Network peering
		Service endpoints
		VPN and Direct Connect
	Understanding the key concepts of compute
		Disks
		Network Interface Cards (NICs)
		Linux versus Windows
		Auto-scaling
	Understanding the role of virtual machine images
		Static virtual machines
		Using configuration manager
		Custom virtual machine images
		Build versus bake
	Summary
Chapter 5: Understanding Container Architecture Patterns
	Understanding key concepts of container architecture
		Containers
	Leveraging Docker to build container images
		Writing a Dockerfile
		Building a Docker image
		Running Docker images
	Working with container registries
		Docker Hub
	Understanding key concepts of container orchestration and Kubernetes
		Kubernetes architecture
		Configuration and secrets
		Continuous deployment (CD)
	Understanding Kubernetes manifests
		Kubernetes manifests
		Configuration and secrets
	Using the Kubernetes provider to provision Kubernetes resources
		The Kubernetes Terraform provider
		Kubernetes resources
		Evaluating the trade-offs
	Leveraging the Helm provider to provision Kubernetes resources
		What is Helm?
		The Helm Terraform provider
	Summary
Chapter 6: Understanding GitOps and CI-CD Deployment Patterns
	Understanding key concepts of GitOps
		Understanding CI/CD
		Anatomy of pipeline
	Leveraging GitHub for source control management
		Gitflow
		GitHub flow
	Using GitHub Actions for CI/CD pipelines
		Virtual machine workloads
		Container workloads
		Serverless workloads
		Terraform tools
	Summary
Part 3: Building Solutions on AWS
Chapter 7: Getting Started on AWS – Building Solutions with AWS EC2
	Laying the foundation
	Designing the solution
		Cloud architecture
		Deployment architecture
	Building the solution
		Packer
		Terraform
	Automating the deployment
		Packer
		Terraform
	Summary
Chapter 8: Containerize with AWS – Building Solutions with AWS EKS
	Laying the foundation
	Designing the solution
		Cloud architecture
		Deployment architecture
	Building the solution
		Docker
		Terraform
		Kubernetes
	Automating the deployment
		Docker
		Terraform
		Kubernetes
	Summary
Chapter 9: Go Serverless with AWS – Building Solutions with AWS Lambda
	Laying the foundation
	Designing the solution
		Cloud architecture
		Deployment architecture
	Building the solution
		Terraform
		Application code
	Automating the deployment
		Terraform
		Deployment
	Summary
Part 4: Building Solutions on Azure
Chapter 10: Getting Started on Azure – Building Solutions with Azure Virtual Machines
	Laying the foundation
	Designing the solution
		Cloud architecture
		Deployment architecture
	Building the solution
		Packer
		Terraform
	Automating the deployment
		Packer
		Terraform
	Summary
Chapter 11: Containerize on Azure – Building Solutions with Azure Kubernetes Service
	Laying the foundation
	Designing the solution
		Cloud architecture
		Deployment architecture
	Building the solution
		Docker
		Infrastructure
		Kubernetes
	Automating the deployment
		Docker
		Terraform
		Kubernetes
	Summary
Chapter 12: Go Serverless on Azure – Building Solutions with Azure Functions
	Laying the foundation
	Designing the solution
		Cloud architecture
		Deployment architecture
	Building the solution
		Terraform
		Application code
	Automating the deployment
		Terraform
		Deployment
	Summary
Part 5: Building Solutions on Google Cloud
Chapter 13: Getting Started on Google Cloud – Building Solutions with GCE
	Laying the foundation
	Designing the solution
		Cloud architecture
		Deployment architecture
	Building the solution
		Packer
		Terraform
	Automating the deployment
		Packer
		Terraform
	Summary
Chapter 14: Containerize on Google Cloud – Building Solutions with GKE
	Laying the foundation
	Designing the solution
		Cloud architecture
		Deployment architecture
	Building the solution
		Docker
		Infrastructure
		Kubernetes
	Automating the deployment
		Docker
		Terraform
		Kubernetes
	Summary
Chapter 14: Go Serverless on Google Cloud: Building Solutions with Google Cloud Functions
	Laying the foundation
	Designing the solution
		Cloud architecture
		Deployment architecture
	Building the solution
		Terraform
		Application code
	Automating the deployment
		Terraform
		Deployment
	Summary
Part 6:Day 2 Operations and Beyond
Chapter 16: Already Provisioned? Strategies for Importing Existing Environments
	Importing individual resources
		The import command
		Import block
		Importing multiple resources
	Identifying resources to import
		AWS
		Azure
		Google Cloud Platform
	Importing existing environments
		Terraformer
		The Azure Export Tool
		Limitations
	Best practices
		Blast radius
		Sometimes moving slowly is moving fast
		Blue/green deployment
	Summary
Chapter 17: Managing Production Environments with Terraform
	Operating models
		State management
		Standalone application
		Shared infrastructure
		Shared services
	Applying changes
		Patching
		Upgrading providers
		Upgrading modules
		Refactoring
		Planning for failure
	Breakfixing
		Apply-time failures
		Removing from state
		Importing into state
	Summary
Chapter 18: Looking Ahead – Certification, Emerging Trends, and Next Steps
	Preparing for the exam
		Scope and topics
		Preparation
	Terraform Cloud
		Features
	What’s next?
		CDK
		Terraform Stacks
	Summary
	Closing statement
Index
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