Mastering KVM Virtualization: Design expert data center virtualization solutions with the power of Linux KVM

Cover
Copyright
About PACKT
Contributors
Table of Contents
Preface
Section 1: KVM Virtualization Basics
Chapter 1: Understanding Linux Virtualization
	Linux virtualization and how it all started
	Types of virtualization
	Using the hypervisor/virtual machine manager
		Type 1 and type 2 hypervisors
	Open source virtualization projects
		Xen
		KVM
	What Linux virtualization offers you in the cloud
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 2: KVM as a Virtualization Solution
	Virtualization as a concept
		Virtualized versus physical environments
		Why is virtualization so important?
		Hardware requirements for virtualization
		Software requirements for virtualization
	The internal workings of libvirt, QEMU, and KVM
		libvirt
		QEMU
		QEMU – KVM internals
		Data structures
		Threading models in QEMU
		KVM
		Data structures
	Execution flow of vCPU
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Section 2: libvirt and ovirt for Virtual Machine Management
Chapter 3: Installing KVM Hypervisor, libvirt, and oVirt
	Getting acquainted with QEMU and libvirt
	Getting acquainted with oVirt
	Installing QEMU, libvirt, and oVirt
		Installing the first virtual machine in KVM
		Automating virtual machine installation
		Installing oVirt
	Starting a virtual machine using QEMU and libvirt
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 4: Libvirt Networking
	Understanding physical and virtual networking
	Virtual networking
		Libvirt NAT network
		Libvirt routed network
		Libvirt isolated network
	Using userspace networking with TAP and TUN devices
	Implementing Linux bridging
	Configuring Open vSwitch
		Other Open vSwitch use cases
	Understanding and using SR-IOV
	Understanding macvtap
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 5: Libvirt Storage
	Introduction to storage
	Storage pools
		Local storage pools
		Libvirt storage pools
	NFS storage pool
	iSCSI and SAN storage
	Storage redundancy and multipathing
	Gluster and Ceph as a storage backend for KVM
		Gluster
		Ceph
	Virtual disk images and formats and basic KVM storage operations
		Getting image information
		Attaching a disk using virt-manager
		Attaching a disk using virsh
		Creating an ISO image library
		Deleting a storage pool
		Creating storage volumes
		Creating volumes using the virsh command
		Deleting a volume using the virsh command
	The latest developments in storage – NVMe and NVMeOF
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 6: Virtual Display Devices and Protocols
	Using virtual machine display devices
		Physical and virtual graphics cards in VDI scenarios
		GPU PCI passthrough
	Discussing remote display protocols
		Remote display protocols history
		Types of remote display protocols
	Using the VNC display protocol
		Why VNC?
	Using the SPICE display protocol
		Adding a SPICE graphics server
	Methods to access a virtual machine console
	Getting display portability with noVNC
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 7: Virtual Machines: Installation, Configuration, and Life Cycle Management
	Creating a new VM using virt-manager
		Using virt-manager
		Using virt-* commands
		Creating a new VM using Cockpit
	Creating a new VM using oVirt
	Configuring your VM
	Adding and removing virtual hardware from your VM
	Migrating VMs
		Benefits of VM migration
		Setting up the environment
		Offline migration
		Live or online migration
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 8: Creating and Modifying VM Disks, Templates, and Snapshots
	Modifying VM images using libguestfs tools
		virt-v2v
		virt-p2v
		guestfish
	VM templating
		Working with templates
		Deploying VMs from a template
	virt-builder and virt-builder repos
		virt-builder repositories
	Snapshots
		Working with internal snapshots
		Managing snapshots using virt-manager
		Working with external disk snapshots
	Use cases and best practices while using snapshots
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Section 3: Automation, Customization, and Orchestration for KVM VMs
Chapter 9: Customizing a Virtual Machine with cloud-init
	What is the need for virtual machine customization?
	Understanding cloud-init
	Understanding cloud-init architecture
	Installing and configuring cloud-init at boot time
		Cloud-init images
		Cloud-init data sources
	Passing metadata and user data to cloud-init
		Using cloud-init modules
	Examples on how to use a cloud-config script with cloud-init
		The first deployment
		The second deployment
		The third deployment
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 10: Automated Windows Guest Deployment and Customization
	The prerequisites to creating Windows VMs on KVM
	Creating Windows VMs using the virt-install utility
	Customizing Windows VMs using cloudbase-init
	cloudbase-init customization examples
	Troubleshooting common cloudbase-init customization issues
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 11: Ansible and Scripting for Orchestration and Automation
	Understanding Ansible
		Automation approaches
		Introduction to Ansible
		Deploying and using AWX
		Deploying Ansible
	Provisioning a virtual machine using the kvm_libvirt module
		Working with playbooks
		Installing KVM
		Using Ansible and cloud-init for automation and orchestration
	Orchestrating multi-tier application deployment on KVM VM
	Learning by example – various examples of using Ansible with KVM
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Section 4:  Scalability, Monitoring, Performance Tuning, and Troubleshooting
Chapter 12: Scaling Out KVM with OpenStack
	Introduction to OpenStack
	Software-defined networking
		Understanding VXLAN
		Understanding GENEVE
	OpenStack components
		Swift
		Nova
		Glance
		Horizon
		Designate
		Keystone
		Neutron
	Additional OpenStack use cases
		Creating a Packstack demo environment for OpenStack
	Provisioning the OpenStack environment
		Installing OpenStack step by step
		OpenStack administration
		Day-to-day administration
		Identity management
	Integrating OpenStack with Ansible
		Installing an Ansible deployment server
		Configuring the Ansible inventory
		Running Ansible playbooks
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 13: Scaling out KVM with AWS
	Introduction to AWS
		Approaching the cloud
		Multi-cloud
		Shadow IT
		Market share
		Big infrastructure but no services
		Pricing
		Data centers
		Placement is the key
		AWS services
	Preparing and converting virtual machines for AWS
		What do we want to do?
		Uploading an image to EC2
	Building hybrid KVM clouds with Eucalyptus
		How do you install it?
		Using Eucalyptus for AWS control
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 14: Monitoring the KVM Virtualization Platform
	Monitoring the KVM virtualization platform
	Introduction to the open source ELK solution
		Elasticsearch
		Logstash
		Kibana
	Setting up and integrating the ELK stack
		Workflow
	Configuring data collector and aggregator
		Creating charts in Kibana
		Creating custom utilization reports
		ELK and KVM
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 15: Performance Tuning and Optimization for KVM VMs
	It's all about design
		General hardware design
		VM design
	Tuning the VM CPU and memory performance
		CPU pinning
		Working with memory
	Getting acquainted with KSM
	Tuning the CPU and memory with NUMA
		NUMA memory allocation policies
		Understanding emulatorpin
		KSM and NUMA
		Automatic NUMA balancing
		The numactl command
		Understanding numad and numastat
	Virtio device tuning
	Block I/O tuning
	Network I/O tuning
		How to turn it on
		KVM guest time-keeping best practices
		Software-based design
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
Chapter 16: Troubleshooting Guidelines for the KVM Platform
	Verifying the KVM service status
	KVM services logging
	Enabling debug mode logging
	Advanced troubleshooting tools
		oVirt
		oVirt and KVM storage problems
		Problems with snapshots and templates – virtual machine customization
		Problems working with Ansible and OpenStack
		Dependencies
		Troubleshooting Eucalyptus
		AWS and its verbosity, which doesn't help
		Paying attention to details
		Troubleshooting problems with the ELK stack
	Best practices for troubleshooting KVM issues
	Summary
	Questions
	Further reading
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Index