Mastering Apex Programming: A Salesforce developer's guide to learn advanced techniques and programming best practices for building robust and scalable enterprise-grade applications

Cover
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Contributors
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Common Apex Mistakes
	Null pointer exceptions
		Exceptions on object instances
		Exceptions when working with maps
		Safe navigation operator
	Retrieving configuration data in a bulkified way
		Hot and cold data
	Bulkification – querying within loops
		Bulkification – DML within loops
	Hardcoding
	Summary
Chapter 2: Debugging Apex
	Technical requirements
	Debugging on Salesforce
	Prevention is better than cure
	Log levels
	SFDX and streaming logs
	Debugging using the Apex Replay Debugger
	Apex Interactive Debugger
		ISV Customer Debugger
	Which tool to use?
	Summary
Chapter 3: Triggers and Managing Trigger Execution
	The Salesforce order of execution
		An example scenario
		The save order of execution
	Clicks and code
	Trigger architecture
	Using trigger handler frameworks
		Controlling trigger execution
	Summary
Chapter 4: Exceptions and Exception Handling
	Understanding the different types of exceptions
		Expected exceptions
		Unexpected exceptions
		Unknown exceptions
	Catching errors
	Using the finally block
	Exception logging
	Capturing state
	Using custom exception types
	Summary
Chapter 5: Testing Apex Code
	Understanding the importance of testing
	Using a test data factory to create data
	Loading test data using Test.loadData
	The TestSetup annotation
	Mocking test data
	Testing RESTful web services with static resources
	Testing RESTful web services with a custom mock
	Testing best practices
		Using Test.startTest and Test.stopTest to demarcate the code under test
		Using assertions to validate behavior
		Writing a test for any bug that occurs
	Summary
Chapter 6: Secure Apex Programming
	How permissions and sharing work on Salesforce
		Sharing and performance
	Enforcing sharing
	Sharing records using Apex
	Enforcing object and field permissions
	Understanding Apex class security
	Enforcing permissions and security within SOQL
	Enforcing user mode for all database operations
	Avoiding SOQL injection vulnerabilities
	Summary
Chapter 7: Utilizing Future Methods
	When to use a future method
		Mixed DML
		Other use cases for future methods
	Defining future methods
		Passing state and coordinating data
	Calling future methods
		Monitoring the execution of future method invocations
	Testing future methods
	Summary
Chapter 8: Working with Batch Apex
	When to use Batch Apex
		Large data volumes
		Complex logical manipulation processes
		High-volume web service callouts
		Asynchronous queue processing
	Defining a Batch Apex class
		The base interface
	Invoking Batch Apex
		Using Database.executeBatch
	Monitoring Batch Apex
		Exception handling and platform events
	Testing Batch Apex
	Summary
Chapter 9: Working with Queueable Apex
	What is Queueable Apex?
		Queueable versus future
		Queueable versus Batch
	When to use Queueable Apex
		Extensive or complex processes
		Callouts
		Chained processes
	Defining Queueable Apex implementations
		Allowing callouts
	Invoking Queueable Apex
		Enqueuing child/chained jobs
	Testing Queueable Apex
	Summary
Chapter 10: Scheduling Apex Jobs
	When to use Scheduled Apex jobs
		One-off executions
		Repeating jobs
	Defining a schedulable Apex class
	Scheduling an Apex class
		Using the Apex Scheduler
		Using the System.schedule method
		System.schedule versus System.scheduleBatch for Batch Apex classes
		Suicidal scheduling
		Monitoring a scheduled job
		Scheduled job limits
	Testing scheduled jobs and Apex scheduling
	Summary
Chapter 11: Integrating with Salesforce
	What is an API?
	Types of APIs
		Public APIs
		Partner APIs
		Private APIs
		Composite APIs
	SOAP versus REST versus gRPC versus GraphQL
		SOAP
		REST
		gRPC
		GraphQL
	Event/message bus integration
	Custom code versus tools
	Summary
Chapter 12: Using Platform Events
	An overview of the event-driven architecture and the event bus
	Exploring event-driven architecture
		The event bus
		When to use platform events
		Defining and publishing a platform event
		Using Apex
		Publishing platform events through Flow
		Using the REST API
	Subscribing to and handling platform events
		Handling platform events using Apex triggers
		Subscribing to platform events in Flow
		Change Data Capture and platform events
	Testing platform events
		Testing whether platform events are publishing
		Testing the consumption of platform events
	Logging using platform events
	A discussion of the CometD protocol and handling events externally
	The Pub/Sub API
	Integrations using platform events
	Summary
Chapter 13: Apex and Flow
	Apex and Flow
	Invocable actions
	Testing invocable actions
	Internal APIs
	Callouts from invocable methods
	External Services in Flow
	Summary
Chapter 14: Apex REST and Custom Web Services
	An overview of REST
		HTTP methods
		REST and Apex – when to use custom endpoints
	Defining endpoints
		A more detailed example
	Dynamic parsing using custom metadata
	Testing endpoints using Workbench
	Exposing endpoints
		Public APIs and Sites pages
	An alternative using URL Rewriter and Visualforce pages
	Handling request body data
		Handling JSON
		Handling XML
	Testing Apex REST code
	Summary
Chapter 15: Outbound Integrations – REST
	Basic REST callouts
	Remote Site Settings
	Authentication and named credentials
	Using certificates
	Testing
	OpenAPI and external services
	Summary
Chapter 16: Outbound Integrations – SOAP
	SOAP overview
	WSDL files
	Generating Apex
		Making asynchronous callouts
	Testing callouts
	Summary
Chapter 17: DataWeave in Apex
	An overview of DataWeave
	Script structure
	Using DataWeave in Apex
		Creating a DataWeave script for use
		Calling a DataWeave script from Apex
		Testing Apex containing DataWeave
	When to use DataWeave
	Summary
Chapter 18: Performance and the Salesforce Governor Limits
	Understanding the Salesforce application request life cycle
		Multi-tenancy and performance
	Governor limits and why we should embrace them
	Thinking about performance
	Summary
Chapter 19: Performance Profiling
	Measure twice, cut once
	The OODA methodology
		Observe
		Orient
		Decide
		Act
	Big O notation and magnitude analysis
	Profiling Apex performance
	Using the Limits class
	A utility class to profile Apex
	Profiling Visualforce page performance
	Profiling LWC performance
	Summary
Chapter 20: Improving Apex Performance
	Improving CPU time
		Faster for loops
		Using maps to remove and reduce looping
		Reducing the use of expensive operations
	Reducing heap size usage
		Batched for loops
		Using scoping
		Removing unwanted items
	Improving query selectivity
	The number of queries
		Retrieving child records with a sub-query
		Cache results
	Platform Cache
	Understanding when to make some of these improvements
	Summary
Chapter 21: Performance and Application Architectures
	Using clicks with code
		Whether to use clicks or code
		Clicks, code, and performance implications
	Code structure and linting
	Object-oriented programming in Apex
	Common Salesforce architectural trade-offs
		Synchronous versus asynchronous
		Wizards to help chunk
		Client-side versus server-side processing of data
		Enterprise patterns versus flexibility
	Managing long-term performance of an application
	Summary
Index
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