Mary and Early Christian Women

Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
Chapter 1 Background and Perspective
	Mary Magdalene and the Mother of Jesus
	Mary, a Jew
	Mary Remembered in the Extracanonical Gospels
	Methodology
	The Power of Bio-Power
	Breaking the Box of Our False Imagination of the Past
Chapter 2 More Collyridian Déjà vu
	The Old Rule-of-Thumb: lectio brevior potior
	Redaction Analysis of Mary’s Liturgical Leadership
	A Scene of Mary Exorcising Demons
	Women Using Censers and Incense
	Kernels of Historicity: Women Using Censers Liturgically
	Redaction Analysis of the Markers of Women’s Authority
Chapter 3 Women Apostles: Preachers and Baptizers
	Assembling a Jigsaw Puzzle—The Apostle Mariamne in the Acts of Philip
	Sexual Slander as Evidence of Women in the Clergy
	Irene, Apostle of Jesus
	The Long Narrative About Irene’s Life
	Male Re-Baptizers and the Apostle Nino
	Irene Baptizes and Seals
	The “Apostle” Thecla Baptizes and Seals
	Dating Controversy: When Was the Life of Thecla Composed?
	The Thecla Tertullian Knew
	Cultural Context
Chapter 4 Mary, High Priest and Bishop
	Jesus’s Mother Versus 1 Timothy
	Mary in Art: High Priest and Bishop
	Mary with the Episcopal Pallium
	Mary with the Cloth of the Eucharistic Officiant
	Women with the Cloth of the Eucharistic Officiant
Chapter 5 Mother and Son, Paired
	Mother and Son Paired on Objects Used in the Liturgy
	Dividing the Mother-Son Dyad: The Maria Maggiore Mosaics
	The Mother-Son Dyad in Art Prior to the Council of Ephesus
	Mother and Son Paired in Third- and Fourth-Century Funereal Art
Chapter 6 The Life of the Virgin and Its Antecedents
	The Oldest Text of the Life of the Virgin
	The Annunciation to Mary in the Temple
	Mary at the Baptism of Her Son
	The Women at the Lord’s Supper
	Partaking at the Temple Altar in the Gospel of Bartholomew
	Gender Parallelism in the Liturgy in the Didascalia Apostolorum
	The Ritual of Body and Blood According to the Apostolic Church Order
Chapter 7 Women and Men at the Last Supper: Reception
	Female and Male Christian Presiders from the Second Century Onwards
	Writings That Paired Male and Female Clerical Titles
	Women Overseers or Bishops
	Cerula and Bitalia, Ordained Bishops
	Historicity of Pulcheria Inside the Holy of Holies of the Second Hagia Sophia
	Female and Male Clergy at the Altar Table in Old Saint Peter’s Basilica
	The Ciborium in Old Saint Peter’s Basilica
	The Altar in Old Saint Peter’s Basilica
	Possible Identification of the Male and Female Officiants at the Altar Table
	Theodora and Justinian in San Vitale: Modeling Mary and Jesus at the Last Supper
	Third-Century Evidence of Gender Parity at the Offering Table
Chapter 8 Modes of Silencing the Past
	Modes of Silencing the Past
	Breaking the Box of Our False Imagination of the Past
Notes, Abbreviations, and References
Notes Chapter 2
Notes Chapter 3
Notes Chapter 4
Notes Chapter 5
Notes Chapter 6
Notes Chapter 7
Notes Chapter 8
Abbreviations
References
Index