Marxism and Freedom: From 1776 Until Today

Marxism & Freedom
	TABLE OF CONTENTS
	PREFACE
	FOREWORD
	INTRODUCTION TO MORNINGSIDE EDITION—DIALECTICS OF REVOLUTION: AMERICAN ROOTS AND MARX’S WORLD HUMANIST CONCEPTS
	PREFACE TO 1982 EDITION
	INTRODUCTION TO SECOND EDITION
	INTRODUCTION TO FIRST EDITION
	PART I. FROM PRACTICE TO THEORY: 1776 TO 1848
		CHAPTER I—THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS: INDUSTRIAL, SOCIAL-POLITICAL, INTELLECTUAL
			1) The French Revolution in Books and in Life
			2) The Parisian Masses and the Great French Revolution
			3) The Philosophers and the Revolution: Freedom and the Hegelian Dialectic
			4) Hegel’s Absolutes and Our Age of Absolutes
		CHAPTER II—CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY, THE REVOLTS OF THE WORKERS, AND THE UTOPIAN SOCIALISTS
			1) The Continuous Revolts of the Workers and the End of Classical Political Economy
			2) The Utopian Socialists and Pierre Proudhon: A Case of Mental Juggling
		CHAPTER III—A NEW HUMANISM: MARX’S EARLY ECONOMIC-PHILOSOPHIC WRITINGS
			1) Dialectical Materialism and the Class Struggle, or What Kind of Labor?
			2) Private Property and Communism
			3) Communism’s Perversion of Marx’s Economic-Philosophic Manuscripts
	PART II. WORKER AND INTELLECTUAL AT A TURNING POINT IN HISTORY: 1848 TO 1861
		CHAPTER IV—WORKER, INTELLECTUAL, AND THE STATE
			1) The 1848 Revolutions and the Radical Intellectual
			2) Ferdinand Lassalle: State Socialist
	PART III. MARXISM: THE UNITY OF THEORY AND PRACTICE
		CHAPTER V—THE IMPACT OF THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED STATES ON THE STRUCTURE OF CAPITAL
			1) The Abolitionists, the Civil War, and the First International
			2) The Relationship of History to Theory
				a) Critique of Political Economy: The Limits of an Intellectual Work
				b) The Working Day and the Break with the Concept of Theory
		CHAPTER VI—THE PARIS COMMUNE ILLUMINATES AND DEEPENS THE CONTENT OF CAPITAL
			1) The Despotic Plan of Capital vs. the Cooperation of Freely Associated Labor
			2) The Paris Commune: A Form of Workers’ Rule
			3) The Fetishism of Commodities and Plan vs. Freely Associated Labor and Control of Production
		CHAPTER VII—THE HUMANISM AND DIALECTIC OF CAPITAL, VOLUME I, 1867 TO 1883
			1) The Split in the Category of Labor: Abstract and Concrete Labor; Labor and Labor Power
			2) The Marxian Economic Categories and the Struggle at the Point of Production: Constant and Variable Capital, or the Domination of Dead over Living Labor
			3) Accumulation of Capital and the New Forces and New Passions
		CHAPTER VIII—THE LOGIC AND SCOPE OF CAPITAL, VOLUMES II AND III
			1) The Two Departments of Social Production: Means of Production and Means of Consumption
			2) Appearance and Reality
			3) The Breakdown of Capitalism: Crises, Human Freedom, and Volume III of CAPITAL
		ORGANIZATIONAL INTERLUDE
		CHAPTER IX—THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL, 1889 TO 1914
			1) Achievements of the Second International: Trade Union and Political Organization of the Proletariat
			2) The Beginning of the End of the Second International: New Form of Workers’ Organization: the Soviet
			3) The End of the Second International — New Stage of Capitalist Production and Stratification of the Proletariat
	PART IV. WORLD WAR I AND THE GREAT DIVIDE IN MARXISM
		CHAPTER X—THE COLLAPSE OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL AND THE BREAK IN LENIN’S THOUGHT
			1) Lenin and the Dialectic: A Mind in Action
			2) The Irish Revolution and the Dialectic of History
		CHAPTER XI—FORMS OF ORGANIZATION: THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SPONTANEOUS SELF-ORGANIZATION OF THE PROLETARIAT TO THE “VANGUARD PARTY”
			1) What Was at Stake in 1902–1903: The Activity of the Workers and the Discipline of the Intellectuals
			2) The 1905 Revolution and Political Tendencies in Russia after 1905 182
			3) What Was New on the Party Question in the Great Divide and After: The Relationship of the Masses to the Party 185
		CHAPTER XII—WHAT HAPPENS AFTER
			1) The Famous Trade Union Dispute of 1920–1921: Positions of Lenin, Trotsky and Shlyapnikov
			2) Lenin and His New Concept: “Party Work to be Checked by Non-Party Masses”
			3) Lenin’s Will
	PART V. THE PROBLEM OF OUR AGE: STATE CAPITALISM VS. FREEDOM
		SECTION ONE—THE RUSSIAN SCENE
		CHAPTER XIII—RUSSIAN STATE CAPITALISM VS. WORKERS’REVOLT
			A. The First Five Year Plan: Relations Between Planners and Workers, 1928–1932
				1) The Turnover Tax
			B. The Second Five Year Plan: The One-Party State Takes Full Totalitarian Form and Completes the Counter-Revolution
				1) Forced Labor Camps
				2) Stakhanovite Speed Demons
				3) Stalin’s Constitution on the “Classless” Intellegentsia
			C. The Third Five Year Plan and a Summation of all the Plans at the Outbreak of War
				1) Crises and Purges
				2) Labor Before the Law
			D. The War and the Assault on Marx’s CAPITAL
		CHAPTER XIV—STALIN
		CHAPTER XV—THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF RUSSIAN TOTALITARIANISM
			1) East Germany, June 17, 1953
			2) “Russia Is More Than Ever Full of Revolutionaries”—Vorkuta, July 1953
			3) Hungary, 1956—Freedom Fighters
		SECTION TWO — The American Scene
			1) Rank and File Versus Labor Leaders
		CHAPTER XVI—AUTOMATION AND THE NEW HUMANISM
			1) Different Attitudes to Automation
			2) Workers Think Their Own Thoughts
			3) Toward a New Unity of Theory and Practice in the Abolitionist and Marxist Tradition
		CHAPTER XVII—THE CHALLENGE OF MAO TSE-TUNG
			A. Communist Counter-Revolutions
				1) Of Wars and Revolution As An “Eight-legged Essay”
				2) Voices of Revolt
				3) “The People’s Communes”
			B. The Dialectic of Mao’s Thought From the Defeat of the 1925–27 Revolution To the Conquest of Power
				1) Defeat of Revolution—Struggle Against “Dogmatists”
				2) The “Philosophy” of the Yenan Period: Mao Perverts Lenin
				3) “Three Magic Weapons”
			C. Oriental Despotism, Brainwashing—Or the Economic Compulsion of State-Capitalism
				1) In Agriculture
				2) Military and Industrial
				3) Brainwashing
			D. CAN There Be War Between Russia and China?: The Non-Viability of State-Capitalism
				1) 1960–62: Preliminary Sparring
				2) New Dateline: Peking, June 14, 1963: “A Proposal Concerning the General Line of the International Communist Movement”
				3) Back to “Wars and Revolutions”: Russia and China at War?
		IN PLACE OF A CONCLUSION: TWO KINDS OF SUBJECTIVITY
			CHAPTER XVIII— CULTURAL REVOLUTION OR MAOIST REACTION?
	NOTES
	BIBLIOGRAPHY
	INDEX