Marine Mussels: Ecology, Physiology, Genetics and Culture

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Phylogeny and Evolution of Marine Mussels
	Introduction
	Phylogeny of the Phylum Mollusca
	Phylogeny and Evolution of Bivalvia
	Evolution and Adaptive Radiation in Bivalvia
	Phylogeny and Evolution in the Mytilida
	Significant Evolutionary Developments in the Family Mytilidae
	Notes
	References
Chapter 2 Functional Morphology
	Introduction
	Shell
		Structure
		External Characteristics
	Mantle
		Structure
		Function
	Gills
		Structure
		Functions
	Foot
		Byssus Composition
		Attachment
	Labial Palps
	Alimentary Canal
		Stomach and Digestive Gland
	Gonads
	Heart and Haemolymph Vessels
	Excretory Organs
	Nerves and Sensory Receptors
	References
Chapter 3 Ecology of Marine Mussels
	Introduction
	Global and Local Distribution Patterns
		Global Distribution
		Local Distribution
	Factors Affecting Geographic Distribution
		Temperature, Salinity and Hydrographic Factors
	Factors Affecting Local Distribution
		Physical Factors
		Biological Factors
	Climate Change and Potential and Observed Impacts on Marine Mussels
		Climate Warming
		Ocean Acidification
		Hypoxia
	Notes
	References
Chapter 4 Particle Processing and Nutrient Utilisation
	Introduction
	Filtration and Clearance Rates
		Estimation of Filtration Rate
		Factors Influencing Filtration Rate
		Control of Filtration Rate
		Energetic Costs of Filtration
	Particle Processing on the Gills and Labial Palps and in the Stomach
		Selective Particle Capture on the Gills
		Pre-ingestive Particle Processing on the Gills and Labial Palps
		Postingestive Particle Processing in the Stomach
	Alimentary Canal and Digestive Process
		The Stomach and Extracellular Digestion
		The Digestive Gland and Intracellular Digestion
		The Intestine
		Mussel Nutrition
	Absorption Efficiency
	Impacts of Mussels on Marine Ecosystems
		Bivalve Feeding and the Plankton Community
		Biodeposition and Mussels
	Notes
	References
Chapter 5 Reproduction, Larval Development, Dispersal and Recruitment
	Introduction
	Sex Identification
	Doubly Uniparental Inheritance and Sex Determination
	Gametogenesis
	Reproductive Cycles
		Methods of Assessment
		Annual Cycles
	Factors Controlling Reproduction
		Exogenous Regulation of Gametogenesis and Spawning
		Endogenous Regulation of Gametogenesis
		Annual Storage Cycle
	Reproductive Effort and Fecundity
	Fertilisation and Gamete Compatibility
	Larval Development
	Factors Affecting Larval Growth
		Temperature and Salinity
		Food Ration
	Larval Dispersal and Population Connectivity
		Larval Identification and Abundance
	Settlement, Metamorphosis and Post-Larval Dispersal
		Settlement
		Metamorphosis and Post-Larval Dispersal
	Recruitment
	Notes
	References
Chapter 6 Growth
	Introduction
	Measurement of Absolute Growth
		Length-Frequency Distributions
		Mark-and-Recapture and Growth Increment Analysis
		Shell Growth Rings
		The Mussel Shell as a Marine Archive
	Measurement of Allometric Growth
	Scope for Growth and Dynamic Energy Budget Models
		Scope for Growth
		Dynamic Energy Budget
	Growth Modulators
		Exogenous Growth Modulators
		Endogenous Growth Modulators
	Notes
	References
Chapter 7 Physiology of the Circulatory, Respiratory and Excretory Systems
	Cardiovascular System
		Heart and Haemolymph
		Haemolymph Plasma and Haemocytes
		Heart Rate
	Respiratory System
		Factors Affecting Oxygen Consumption
	Excretory System
		Excretion
		Osmoregulation
	Notes
	References
Chapter 8 Mussels and Marine Environmental Contaminants
	Introduction
	Contaminants in the Marine Environment
		Heavy Metals
		Persistent Organic Contaminants
		Emerging Organic Contaminants
	Contaminant Levels in Seawater, Sediments and Biota
		Bioaccumulation
		Absorption and Absorption Efficiency
		Assimilation and Assimilation Efficiency
		Bioconcentration Factor
	Kinetic Modeling in Contaminant Bioaccumulation
		Factors Affecting Bioconcentration in Marine Mussels
		Biomonitoring
		Bioindicators
	Mussel Monitoring Programmes
		The Mussel Watch Program
		Mussel Watch Monitoring on the Californian Coast
		Mussel Watch Monitoring in Coastal Waters of the Mediterranean Sea
		Asia-Pacific Mussel Watch
	Biological Markers of Pollution
		Biomarkers in Perna Viridis and Other Marine Mussel Species
		An Integrative Biomarker Approach
	Notes
	References
Chapter 9 Population Genetics, Genomics and Selective Breeding
	Introduction
	Population Genetics
		Molecular Markers and Applications
		Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Mussels
		Hybrid Zones
		Invasive Species: Origins, Dispersal and Population Genetics
	Mussel Genomics
		Genome Mapping
		Functional Genomics
	Quantitative Genetics
		Selective Breeding
	Notes
	References
Chapter 10 Mussel Culture
	Introduction
	Wild Seed Collection
	Hatchery Culture of Seed and Juvenile Mussels
		Culture of Microalgae
		Replacement/Supplement Diets for Microalgae
	Hatchery Culture of Mussels
		Broodstock Conditioning
		Spawning, Fertilisation and Cryopreservation
		Embryo Development
		Larval Rearing
		Metamorphosis, Settlement and Nursery culture of Spat
		Disease in the Hatchery
		Grow-out of Mussel Seed
	Mussel Culture
		Culture Methods
		Offshore Mussel Culture
	Mussel Culture and the Environment
	An Ecosystem Approach to Bivalve Culture
	Notes
	References
Chapter 11 Diseases, Parasites and the Immune Response
	Introduction
	Viruses
	Bacteria
	Fungi
	Protistans
		Apicomplexa
		Ascetosporea
		Chlorophyta
		Ciliophora
	Porifera
	Platyhelminths
		Trematodes
		Cestodes
		Turbellaria
	Annelids
	Crustaceans
	Neoplasia
	Defence Mechanisms
		Genomics of Bivalve Immunity
		Cellular Defence Components of the Immune System
		Immune Recognition
		Humoral Defence Mechanisms
	Signal Transduction Pathways
	Abiotic Effects on Mussel Immune Response
	Notes
	References
Chapter 12 Mussels and Public Health
	Introduction
	Bacterial Infections
		Salmonella
		Vibrio
		Escherichia Coli
		Bacterial Assays
	Viral Infections
		Viral Assays
	Parasites
	Biotoxins
		Harmful Algal Blooms
		Detection of Marine Toxins
	Industrial Pollutants
	Controls on the Production and Processing of Mussels and Other Bivalves
		Regulatory Framework
		Controlling Harvesting Areas
		Bivalve Purification Procedures
	Monitoring and Quality Control
		Monitoring of Live Mussels in Canada: Legislation and Regulation
		Growing Areas: Sanitary Survey and Classification
		Marine Biotoxin Monitoring and Control
	Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and its Application
	Notes
	References
Species Index
Subject Index
EULA