Marine Minerals

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		REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY
		SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS
		EDITOR: Frank C. Hawthorne
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		ii
		Reviews in Mineralogy
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		SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS in Mineralogy and Geology
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		REVIEWS in MINERALOGY, Volume 18
		FOREWORD
		T ABLE OF CONTENTS
		Chapter 1
		G. Calas and F. C. Hawthorne
		INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS
		Chapter 2
		P. F. McMillan and A. C. Hess
		SYMMETRY, GROUP THEORY AND
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		Chapter 3
		F. C. Hawthorne and G. A. Waychunas
		SPECTRUM-FITTING METHODS
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		Chapter 4
		P. F. McMillan and A. M. Hofmeister
		INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
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		Chapter 5
		Subrata Ghose
		INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING
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		185 Ferromagnets Antiferromagnets and ferrimagnets
		Chapter 6
		George R. Rossman
		VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY OF
		Chapter 7
		George R. Rossman
		OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY
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		Chapter 8
		Frank C. Hawthorne
		MbsSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY
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		Chapter 9
		R. James Kirkpatrick
		MAS NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF MINERALS
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		Chapter 10
		Jonathan F. Stebbins
		NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND DYNAMIC PROCESSES
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		Chapter 11
		G. E. Brown, Jr., G. Calas,
		X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS
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		Chapter 12
		Georges Calas
		ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE
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		Chapter 13
		Michael F. Hochella, Jr.
		AUGER ELECTRON AND X-RAY
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		592 The Auger parameter
		593 Chemical shift and shapes of Auger lines
		597 eon centric hemispherical analyzer (eHA)
		599 Cylindrical mirror analyzer (eMA)
		599 General comments on electron energy analyzers
		600 Fast entry locks
		600 X-ray monochromaters
		601 Ion guns
		603 Chemical quantification inXPS
		604 Chemical quantification in electron stimulated AES
		605 Electron induced charging
		607 Electron induced damage
		609 Angle resolved surface analysis
		609 Ion sputtering
		Chapter 14
		Glenn A. Waychunas
		LUMINESCENCE, X-RAY EMISSION AND
		653 Apatite
		655 Cassiterite Fluorite Calcite and other carbonates
		656 Feldspars
		658 Forsterite Pyroxenes Quartz
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		Chapter 1 G. Calas and F. C. Hawthorne
		INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS
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		[1]
		p = tlk
		[2]
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		Figure 1.
		The electromagnetic spectrum.
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		Table 1
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		1
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		FMR
		IR
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		Chapter 2
		P. F. McMillan and A. C. Hess
		QUANTUM MECHANICS
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		I *
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		ms =+1/2
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		33
		F
		B
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		6
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		Chapter 3
		F. C. Hawthorne and G. A. Waychunas
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		Table 1
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		8(1)\'
		-, -,
		8(2)\'
		(b)
		B(1)\'
		B(2)\'
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		P(X. n, p) = (¥) pX(l_p)\"-x
		(1)
		(3)
		X = µ ~)
		(5)
		µ = X
		(6)
		r = 2.354 a
		(7)
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		Table 1
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		P(x, µ, n = 1f 2 2 (8)
		(x-µ) + tr 12)
		y=mx+c
		(9)
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		-r
		-r/2
		o
		r
		( (n) n-x
		a.J21l 2 a
	Tables
		Table 1
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		y
		x~
		y = Hx]
		(10)
		(11)
		y(x) = fo(x)
		(12)
		1 [1 (Y. -Y(Xi})2]
		p. = -- exp - - _1__ (13)
		1 o.lli 2 0i
		P(fo) = *Pi = * _1_ exp[- 1 ~ (Yi-Y(~))2]
		(14)
		P(f) = * _1_ exp[- 1 ~ (BYi)2]
		(15)
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		(16)
		MINIMIZATION METHODS
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		Table 1
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		(17)
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		(18)
		ax2 x2(a. + wlia.) - x2a
		(IiX 2). = _ rv J J J
		J aaj wliaj
		(19)
		o
		(i
		l,n)
		(20)
		(21)
		l,n)
		(22)
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		. (23)
		or
		R = a M
		(24)
		Mjk = .~ [ 12 [i(Xi) fk(Xi)]
		aMM-I = RWI = a
		(27)
		aJ = 2: Rk M k
		(28)
		(29)
	Tables
		Table 1
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		y(x)
		(30)
		in y(x) = in a + bx (31)
		y(x)
		(32)
		y(x) = y(a) + y\'(a) (x-a) +
		yn\'(a) Ix-al\" + ...
		+ n!
		(33)
		(34)
		1 ( n [ay lx.l 2]
		02 Yj-y)x) -.2: ~ bajl)
		(35)
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		L
		R = baM
		L
		(37)
		(38)
		(39)
		SOME ASPECTS OF SPECTRUM REFINEMENT
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		~ = 2: hi f(~)
		(40)
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		Table 1
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		D = ~ [[(Ycm - Yd(I)))2 - ,]
		!7i ~Yd(I)
		(41)
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		(42)
		aM
		(43)
		R
		(44)
		RI [P ]2
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		Table 1
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		83
		t2
		0.3
		0.8
		0.2
		0.4
		0.1
		o
		o
		Doppler velocity (cm Isec 1
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		Table 1
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		84
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		Doppl er velocity
		..
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		+1.0
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		(b)
		c
		.2
		....
		-0.6·
		121.121
		0.6
		em/sec
		-121.6
		0.121
		0.6
		85
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		F(s)
		-co
		F(s) = rco
		-co
		(48)
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		88
		~
		I ,
		2
		t
		O(s)
		x
		11(a)~
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		(a)
		I f(xl
		~
		x
		~
		89
		(b)
		1
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		r f*(u) f(u + x) du
		r If(x)12 dx = r IF(s)12 ds
		f(x)*g(x) = r f(u) glx-u) du
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		r f*[u) g[u+x) du
		[53)
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		Table 2
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		...
		I
		...
		...
		121.
		-6 .
		121.5
		121.4
		121.3
		121.2
		121. 1
		121. 121
		K (INVERSE ANGSTROMS)
		(b)
		93
		121. 121
		1. 121
		2. IZl
		3.121
		4.121
		5.121
		R (ANGSTROMS)
		...
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		o
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		5 -2 .
		...
		III -4.
		4
		7
		1121
		K (INVERSE ANGSTROMS)
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		, A(1)
		µ ~ X
		A(3)
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		ex ;: lim [ N1 ~ Ix,-µI 1
		A(7)
		1 N
		lim -Nl ~ [(X, - xlly - 51)]
		a = [a2
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		A(l2]
		A(l3)
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		Chapter 4 P. F. McMillan and A. M. Hofmeister
		INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
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		+
		/ ~
		+
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		102
		sample
		(a)
		incident
		p
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		104
		(a)
		(b)
		11111 ILl
		A = 2.0
		k = 0
		k = ~
		o
		k
		3n - 3
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		Table 1
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		108
		DO -\' :
		ZPD
		o
		+
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		N
		.....
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			M9Si~ ilmnQnitQ
			R %
			(b)
			.. _
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			Table 1
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			0.103, MgSi03 Perovskite
			z
			)-Y
			x
			~o
			«
			WAVENUMBER (crrt\")
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			Table 1
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			150
			REFERENCES
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		Chapter 5 Subrata Ghose
		INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING
	Tables
		Table 1
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		Table 1
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		INMd
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		L
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		Table 1
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		T
		>5\'
		Q
		-
		(a)
		(b)
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		172
		OOOJr---------r---------r-------~
		(a)
	Tables
		Table 1
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		174
		PHONON WAVE VECTOR
	Tables
		Table 1
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		Table 1
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		176
		,
		~ .. ,
		~ .. ,
		~ ...
		, .
		\' .... , .... \" ........
		,~------------------~
		- It\" \" .• , ........ -.-
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		0.1 0.2 0.3 0.. 0.5 0.. 0.3 0.2 0.1
		0-4 0.5 .
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		02 0.1 0 re calculated
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		ion relations l;illed circles
		1. Phonon dis~e~~n model; tha~., 1987).
		Figure 1. d \"molecular . g (Ghose et
		from ri,gl neutron s cat t er-t n
		i ne Las t Lo
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		Table 1
		Table 2
		Table 3
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		~
		I .!.. Q 2Ie~12_1_.
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		179
		6.2m
		<----G~[L
		J ~ rnA-
		o6m~l~ UO\"
		IPNS Low Resolution Medium Energy Chopper Spectrometer
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		~
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		181
		400 BOO
		Frequency (J) (cm -1)
		1200
		.
		, .._.
		..
		v
		r ...
		180
		140
		100
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		u
		-g 8.0
		~ 4.0
		o
		E (meV)
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
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		Table 1
		Table 2
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		184
		T = 295 K
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		186
		,,,G) GOO
		f
		~
		aq/2TT
		Fe, 0. 24°C
		b
		a
	Tables
		Table 1
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		Table 1
		Table 2
		Table 3
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		Chapter 6
		George R. Rossman
		HYDROUS COMPONENTS
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		s
		o
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
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		..
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		WRVELENGTH (NH)
		WRVENUMBER (CM-1)
		Cordierite
		199
		-1
		\\JAVELENGTH, µm
		.. ,
		WAVENUMBER,
		\"4
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
		Table 3
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		202
		WAVELENGTH, µ.m
		ill I SYNTHET I C
		~OOO
		QUARTZ
		3500 30UU c~UU
		3800
		3600
		3400
		QUARTZ
		3200
		3000
		eonomer f c water
		UAVELENGTH, }Jm
		2.88
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
		Table 3
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		SUMMARY
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		205
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		206
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		Chapter 7
		George R. Rossman
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		Table 3
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		211
		~AVENUMBER, em-I
		IIAVELENGTH, nm
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
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		(1)
	Tables
		Table 1
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		213
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		++
		++-H-
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
		Table 3
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		t\'i
		216
		WAVENUMBER, cm-i
		SOD
		600
		0.0
		W 0.8
		co
		WAVELENGTH, nm
	Tables
		Table 1
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		219
		WAVENUMBER (01-1)
		WAVENUMBER (CM-I,
		WAVELENGTH (NH)
		(I
		\' r. 1 \'>../ I
		. !A! \'\\ u«
		\\//\'-.1\'\\ ..
		z
		~AVELENGTH (lOt,
		Andalusite
		r\\fJ
		: \\
		.,
		v
		\"
		o
		Rhodochrosite
		Wavenumber (cm-i)
		Wavelength (nm)
		WAVENUMBER, em-I
		ANDRADITE
		4ee see see zea see gee t aae
		WAVELENGTH, nm
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 14
Page 15
	Titles
		221
		ii (kK)
		15
		12
		w 5.0~ ~ I Phosphosiderite
		u
		WAVELENGTH (nml
		\\\\
		\\\\
		\\
		\\
		\'\\
		20
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 16
	Titles
		WAVENUMBER, em-I
		ORTHOCLASE
		WAVELENGTH, nm
		sooo
		~
		~
		222
		WAVENUMBER \"H-I)
		CALCITE
		WAVENUMBER,
		«
		WAVELENGTH (NH)
		ANNABERGITE
		a:
		o
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
		Table 3
Page 17
Page 18
	Titles
		224
		Table 3.
		References to Optical Spectroscopic data on Minerals.
		-----------------------------------------------------------
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 19
	Titles
		225
Page 20
	Titles
		226
Page 21
	Titles
		227
Page 22
	Titles
		228
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 23
	Titles
		229
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 24
	Titles
		230
		~;g~ation centers
Page 25
	Titles
		231
Page 26
	Titles
		232
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 27
	Titles
		233
		REFERENCES
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 28
	Titles
		234
Page 29
	Titles
		235
Page 30
	Titles
		236
Page 31
	Titles
		237
Page 32
	Titles
		238
Page 33
	Titles
		239
Page 34
	Titles
		240
Page 35
	Titles
		241
Page 36
	Titles
		242
Page 37
	Titles
		243
Page 38
Page 39
	Titles
		245
		- --- - ---- - - ---- - - - ---- -- --- -- - -- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - --- - --
		- - - _- - ---- ----- - - --- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - .-- -- - - - -- - -- - - --
		- - - - - - - - .-- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - --
		c,
		--------------------------------------------------
		-----------------------------------------------------------
		L.
		ORTHOPYROXENE 1.1(2) SITE
		ORTHOPYROXENE Mil) SITE
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 40
Page 41
	Titles
		247
		~C2
		~-z
		WAVENUMBER (CH-I)
		WAVENUMBER (em-I)
		WAVELENGTH (NM)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 42
Page 43
Page 44
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 45
	Titles
		E
		1
		1
		C2
		1
		a(xz)
		a(yz)
		-1
Page 46
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 47
	Titles
		FREE
		253
		ISO r-------~-----_,
		«
		o
Page 48
	Titles
		REFERENCES - APPEND! X
Page 1
	Titles
		Chapter 8
		Frank C. Hawthorne
Page 2
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 3
	Titles
		(for emission)
		(for absorption)
		(3)
		(4)
		tlk
		(5)
Page 4
	Titles
		Mv~
		p2
		2M
		(6)
		(7)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 5
	Titles
		(8)
		ETOT = hw(n + !)
		h
		(9)
		(10)
		(12)
		(14)
		Ix A
		~E = 3~
		(15)
		SOD = 3\\ A In f (16)
		2mEy
Page 7
	Titles
		\'I \'I \'I \'I \'I \'
		,
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 8
	Titles
		(17)
Page 9
	Titles
		------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		--------------------------------------------------------------
		--------------------------------------------------------------
		--------------------------------------------------------------
		IlIml s L
		(18)
		tl 1 tl2dE
		N(E)de ct 21fT (E-E./ + (2T)
		(20)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 10
	Titles
		00 [fir
		. f
		(22)
		1
		h ----.,
		I(E) = nr (E-E./ + (~J
		(23)
		I(E)
		110
		2n ( )2 (110]2
		E-E +-
		(24)
		(26)
Page 11
	Titles
		V = 1~C Ze2R 2 [~] 11J;(O)12
		(27)
Page 12
	Titles
		(a)
		(b)
		---
		m
		\"\"\"\'-+-r ±1/2
Page 13
	Titles
		(28)
Page 14
	Titles
		EFG
		(29)
		EFG
		(32)
		O.S. = 2e v; 0 ~[l + tJ = ~ qO ~[l + tJ
Page 15
	Titles
		269
		±1 Iz --> ±1/2
		----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		I[ BJ ~ ~ ]
		~(l + COS2S)
		R;
		R(S=O)
		J.
		R(S=90)
		3
		(33)
		(R)
		( ~(l + cos2S) sinS dS
		(34)
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 16
	Titles
		(35)
Page 17
	Titles
		271
		.\'
		t.
		/
		j
		. :
		F\'!r
		b
		.
		.\' i
		t ~ ~ t
		lilll
		~ rt
		I: :1
		. ~
		•
		a
		om
		om
		+
		\\I\\
		: .~~:
		<~ ..
		I\\
		D;~\\i0r~
		101 + i
		lDo~~ \\ n ?\' J
		-5~_\'~\'~3-~_2~,,~L_~~~~j
Page 18
	Titles
		272
		Jj
		z
		...
		~
		~
		-.!.
		+~
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 19
	Titles
		[1 1) [3 1) 1 r 9
		2 ~ 2\' -2 ~ 2: 2 a 4(1 + cos-Bl sinS dS = 3
		(36)
		(1 1) [ 1 1) 1 f1!
		2 ~ 2\' -2 =} -2: 2 a 3sin2S.sinS dB
		2
		(37)
		[_1 1) [1 1) 1 f 1! 3
		2 ~ 2\' 2 ~ -2: 2 a 4(1 + cos2BsinS dS
		(38)
Page 20
	Titles
		274
		(a)
		(c)
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 21
	Titles
		275
		r HB) 2(1 + cos2B) sinB dB
		f: HB) (j + Sin2B) sinB dB
		(40)
Page 22
Page 23
	Titles
		277
		0.94
		,
		0.9~\\:-B--_-!6\'--_-!:\'--_Z!:---!0\'--*Z---!\'~--!:6-----!.·
		I =3/2
		J J J II I - \'/2
		u
		~
		·
		·
		-V\\./\'-
		II \"\"\",,~
		·
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 24
	Titles
		(41)
Page 25
	Titles
		(b)
		279
		detector
Page 26
Page 27
Page 28
	Titles
		282
		10
		20
		30
		40
		cr(%)_\'
		o
		m
		4
		VELOCITY, MM /SEC
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 29
	Titles
		SPECTRUM REFINEMENT
		(43)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 30
	Titles
		(44)
		Y = b - ± [(1-Ql)2~:llf ~ + Ql2Aj ffii2 exp{ _41n2[X-Xj] }1
		i=I 1+4(x-x.) If. r, \\JT r,
Page 31
Page 32
	Titles
		N 1 [ ]2
Page 33
	Titles
		(47)
		M
		D
		D
		(48)
Page 34
	Titles
		s
		N {I
		L 2\" [Yo
		( 1 )
		A = L ~
		(52)
Page 35
Page 36
	Titles
		fJ = C [II/I(o)I~AM - 1I/I(o)I~TAN ]
Page 37
Page 38
	Titles
		292
		Sn4+
		Au3+
		Au 1+
		~------------~
		-15
		-10 -5
		ISOMER
		o 5
		10
		Fe 6+
		HSFe4+
		LS Fe4+
		LS Fe 3+
		F 2+
		Fe 2+
		-I
		o I
		ISOMER SHIFT (mm/s)
Page 39
	Titles
		Cf) 1.0.
		w
		~
		o
		~ 0..5
		0.0.
		-0..5
		4.0.
		3.5
		3.0.
		( b)
		10.
		8
		•
		•
		o
		/
		••
		Sr CI
		•
		0.
		•
		F
		-12
		-14
		-16
		s
		3.0.
		4.0.
		x-~
		3.0.
		4.0.
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 40
	Titles
		294
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 41
	Titles
		- 2: k (3cos2e - 1)(r-3> (57)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 42
REV018C008_p297-340.pdf
	Page 1
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 2
		Titles
			Vzz = -k :L <3cos2S - 1>
	Page 3
		Titles
			os
			L pOSj(3cos29j - 1)
			(59)
			(60)
			=
			POS[(3cos200 - 1) + 4(3cos2900 -1) + (3cos2180° - 1)]
			QS
	Page 4
		Titles
			QS
			L pQSNNN
			(61)
	Page 5
		Titles
			ft G[Xi] Ii Nt fi
			(62)
	Page 6
		Titles
			(l) r, \'\" fj .
			(3) G(Xi) \'\" G(Xj)
			(63)
			(64)
			T
	Page 7
	Page 8
		Titles
			r
			\\1f
			a
			~
			[ A~(l)] I [
			(67)
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 9
		Titles
			---------------------------------------------------------------------------
			305
			---------------------------------------------------------------------------
			---------------------------------------------------------------------------
			---------------------------------------------------------------------------
			---------------------------------------------------------------------------
			---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		Tables
			Table 1
			Table 2
	Page 10
	Page 11
		Titles
			o
			(d)
			(b)
			~
			(c)
			~
			\'\"
			e
			a
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 12
		Titles
			308
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 13
	Page 14
	Page 15
		Titles
			GRUNERITE
			MAGNESIO­
			c
			3
			b
			\\ r • 4·
			1! 1 r
			I ~j \\Al
			\" \'1/\' j; \'I
			I: . :1
			1/
			F
			a
			5
			1D
			15
			-2
			o
			2
			VELOCITY (mm z s e c ) ...
			-2
			o
	Page 16
	Page 17
		Titles
			313
			..
			b
			..
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 18
	Page 19
		Titles
			315
			Velocity ~ (mm / sec)
			10.5%
			x=0.981
			11.0%
			-2 -I
			o
			2
			i!
			z
			i=
			VELOCITY
	Page 20
	Page 21
	Page 22
		Titles
			318
			o
			(a)
			~ ~ I~\\I/
			~~~
			\'~
			(b)
			VELOCITY mm/s
			a 2
			(b)
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 23
		Titles
			(68)
	Page 24
	Page 25
	Page 26
		Titles
			322
			i
			:x
	Page 27
		Titles
			M = -[2~J L
	Page 28
		Titles
			(72)
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 29
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 30
	Page 31
	Page 32
		Titles
			c
			z
			~
			...:,
			VELOCITY (mm-s:\")
		Tables
			Table 1
			Table 2
			Table 3
	Page 33
	Page 34
		Titles
			330
			S .-U97(Z)nvn/s
			(a)
			S .159 (4) mm/s
			(d)
			99.90
			99.90
			-5 0
			VELOCITY (mm/s)
			a
			f
			:e
			..
			~
		Tables
			Table 1
			Table 2
	Page 35
	Page 36
	Page 37
	Page 38
	Page 39
	Page 40
	Page 41
	Page 42
	Page 43
	Page 44
Page 1
	Titles
		R. James Kirkpatrick
		Chapter 9
		MAS NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF
Page 2
	Titles
		(1)
		(2)
		a. I - 2\"
		b.
Page 3
	Titles
		(3)
		(4)
		(5)
		(6)
		(7)
		(8)
Page 4
	Titles
		(9)
Page 5
	Titles
		A.
		x
		z
		B.
		x\'
		z\'
		c.
		x\'
		z\'
		v\'
		x:
		~
		\'=
		rn
		~
		o
Page 6
Page 7
	Titles
		347
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 8
Page 9
	Titles
		\"1
		0.9
		0.8
		0.7
		0.6
		0.5
		0.4
		0.3
		0.2
		0.1
		0.0
		A
		13=00
		_fV\\_
		=:
		YL
		B
		f3=54.7°
		349
		10 0
		-15
		3 0
		-7
		(II-IlL) kHz
Page 10
	Titles
		350
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 11
	Titles
		(10)
Page 12
	Titles
		MASS
		HYDROTHERMALL Y REACTED ALBITE
		1H CP/MASS
		SILICON-29
		A
		kaolinite/\'
		_albite
		//
		hydrated
		B
		kaolinite
		hydrated
		PPM (FROM TMS)
		ALUMINUM-27
		C
		AI(4)
		AI(6)
		o
		Al(6)
		albite »:\"
		kaolinite
		/
		kaolinite <,
		o
		PPM (FROM 1 M AICI3)
		o
		PPM (FROM 1M AICI3)
		SB: SPINNING SIDEBAND
Page 13
Page 14
	Titles
		i
		-88
		ppm
		x
		v
		A
		.2Ge
Page 15
Page 16
Page 17
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 18
Page 19
	Titles
		A.
		ALBITE
		-92.3
		SILICON-29
		-96.8(T2o)
		-I04.3(Tlm)
		-62.2
		359
		FORSTERITE
		C.
		DIOPSIDE
		-84.7
		MICA­
		-93
		E.
		F -PHLOGOP I TE
		-85.2
		-89.2(Q3IAI)
		[-92.7(030AI)
		F.
		-108.1
		-113.9
		COESITE
		-191.1
		o
		-100
		-200 0
		-100
		-200
		SILICON - 29
		!--to
Page 20
	Titles
		130L---~1~075------1~1~0~----~11~5~---_~1~2~0----_~1~275----_~130
		Middle and Ring Groups
		in Aluminophosphates (Q2) 1...- --\'
		Alkali and Alkaline Earth
		AIP04, AIP04\'nH20\' m(OH) ,....-----_--,
		Branching Groups (Q3) I...- ---l
		o Middle and Ring Groups (Q2)
		End Groups (Q1) Alk atis and
		\'-----_--\' Alkali and Alkaline Earth Orthophosphates (Qo)
		t 1 0
		o
		-10
		-20
		-30
		-40
		-50
		31 P Chemical Shift (ppm from H3P04)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 21
Page 22
	Titles
		ALUMINUM-27
		A
		NATROLITE
		B
		SPODUMINE
		c
		o
		o
		MUSCOVITE
		D
		JADEITE
		o
		o
Page 23
Page 24
	Titles
		364
		LEUCITE
		27AI MASS 11.7T
		a
		AVERAGE
		SITE ANGLE\' les (± .3)ppm
		T 1 145.9 60.7
		T2 138.9 63.9
		T3
		130.4 68.7
		\'Mazzi et at (1976)
		X10
		b
		50
		M
		o
		-50
		M
		M
		888(3/2)
		All 888(5/2)
		\\
		-100
		200
		100
		o
		ppm
		-100
Page 25
	Titles
		B
		o
		ppm from BF3\' Et20
		170 MASS, 67.8 MHz
		a-SrSi03
		A
		E
		G
		170 STATIC, 48.8 MHz
		PPM
		o
		PPM
Page 26
	Titles
		(11)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 27
	Titles
		(12)
Page 28
Page 29
Page 30
REV018C009_p371-404.pdf
	Page 1
	Page 2
	Page 3
		Titles
			~ ~---..........._.~
			~ ~. .
			z\'\" .~
	Page 4
	Page 5
		Titles
			(a)
			29Si chemical shift (p.p.rn. from TMS)
			(b)
			-, /
			/\'\\.
			\"\'-S\' .
			-, /
			/\"
	Page 6
		Titles
			SILICON - 29
			-110
			-110
	Page 7
		Titles
			377
		Tables
			Table 1
			Table 2
			Table 3
	Page 8
	Page 9
		Titles
			b.
			T1m
			T20
			T2m
			T10
			a.
		Tables
			Table 1
			Table 2
	Page 10
		Titles
			23Na MASS 11.7T
			-30
			ppm
			-10
			720
		Tables
			Table 1
			Table 2
	Page 11
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 12
	Page 13
		Titles
			OXYGEN - 17
			CaSi03(Wo) - MgSi03(En) GLASSES
			Wo 100
			383
			Wo 75
			W050
			W025
			Wo 0
			NBO - Ca +Mg
			,BO+
			NBO - Mg
			200
			o
	Page 14
	Page 15
		Titles
			SILICON-29
			o
			ppm FROM TMS
			ALUMINUM -27
			o
			o
			100
			o
			1 M AICI3
			o
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 16
		Titles
			ALUMINUM - 27
			Si02-90
			100
			o
			PPM
			Si02-85
			100
			o PPM
			Si02-80
			-,
			o PPM
			Si02-70
			100
			o
			PPM
			Si02-60
			Si02-50
			AI(4)~\'
			\"Cor
			.. AI(6)
			100 0 PPM
			PPM FROM AICI3 SOLUTION
			100 0 PPM
			PPM FROM AICI3 SOLUTION
	Page 17
	Page 18
		Titles
			ALUMINUM-27
			o
			o
			Si02 glass
			QUARTZ
	Page 19
		Titles
			389
			CHEMICAL SHIFT (PPM)
			~
			\'\"
			<
			\"\"
	Page 20
	Page 21
		Titles
			CaSi03 GLASS - P2 Os
			SILICON-29
	Page 22
		Titles
			OXYGEN-17 LEACHED GLASSES
			PPM FROM WATER
			o
			pH:9
	Page 23
	Page 24
		Titles
			..
			\'\"\'
			\'\"
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 25
	Page 26
		Titles
			396
			133CS MAS NMR
			0.1 M CsCI - Montmorillonite 8.45T
			Slurry MAS
			a
			Slurry Sta tic
			b
			200
			o
			-200
			200
			o
			-200
			200
			o
			-200
			200
			o
			-200
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 27
	Page 28
	Page 29
	Page 30
	Page 31
	Page 32
	Page 33
	Page 34
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
	Titles
		a
		an
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
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	Page 14
	Page 15
		Titles
			683
			I I \\
			I I \\
			: I \\
			I
			, I
			I I
			>- I \\ I
			f-- I \\ I\' I
			iii I \\ I I I
			~ / \\~: /1\\
			I \\J I \\
			I .... _/,
			...- I I I I - I
	Page 16
	Page 17
		Titles
			685
	Page 18
		Titles
			, \' ...
			,
			,
			: ,
			,
			,
			,
			.\'
			,
			o K
			II
			I I III
	Page 19
	Page 20
	Page 21
		Titles
			(8)
	Page 22
		Titles
			690
			>­
			CHANNEL
			ZERO-LOSS
			LOW-LOSS
			ENERGY (eV)
			HIGH-LOSS
			Mn02
	Page 23
	Page 24
		Tables
			Table 1
	Page 25
		Titles
			693
			ENERGY LOSS.
	Page 26
	Page 27
	Page 28
		Titles
			696
	Page 29
	Page 30