Marine Bioprospecting for Sustainable Blue-bioeconomy

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
About the Editors
Part I: Understanding the Marine Blue Bioeconomy
	Aquatic Resources for Blue Bioeconomy Prospecting
		1 Introduction
		2 Marine Biotechnology in the Blue Bioeconomy
			2.1 Marine Bioprospecting
			2.2 Marine Biotechnology’s Position and Future in the Blue Bioeconomy
			2.3 Strong Goals: Creating a Remote Blue Bioeconomy That Is Stable
			2.4 Scenario Development
			2.5 Marine Drug Development
			2.6 Other Prospects for the Blue Bioeconomy
			2.7 Business as Usual
				2.7.1 More Sustainable Future
		3 The Blue Bioeconomy’s Challenges: Proof and Studies on Trends
			3.1 Analysis of Various Economic Study Results
			3.2 Investigating the Seas for Novel Pharmaceutical Discoveries: Marine Pharmacology
		4 Marine Biodiversity Environment
			4.1 Marine Pharmacology
			4.2 The Development of Aquatic Pharmacology
			4.3 Approved Drug of Marine Origin
		5 Future Trend and Challenges
		6 Conclusion
		References
	Global Regulations of Blue Bioeconomy: Opportunities and Challenges
		1 Introduction
		2 Overview of Diverse Sectors of Blue Bioeconomy
			2.1 Fisheries
			2.2 Aquaculture
			2.3 Marine Biotechnology
			2.4 Marine Tourism
		3 Need for Global Regulation of Blue Bioeconomy
		4 Effective Regulation in the Blue Bioeconomy
		5 Current Regulatory Frameworks of Blue Bioeconomy
		6 Challenges and Gaps of Blue Bioeconomy
		7 Regional Approaches to Regulation
		8 National Policies and Regulations
		9 Future Direction of Blue Bioeconomy
		10 Conclusion
		References
	Food Safety and Waste-to-Wealth Through Blue Economy
		1 Introduction
		2 Role of Food Supply Chain in Ensuring Food Safety
			2.1 Blue Foods
		3 Food Wastes
			3.1 Strategies for Control of Food Wastes
			3.2 Food Waste as Commodity
		4 Converting Waste-to-Wealth Through Green Processing, Biorefining, and Bioconversion
		5 Blue Economy
			5.1 Advantages of Blue Economy
			5.2 Drawbacks to Implementing a Blue Economy
		6 Waste-to-Wealth and the Blue Economy
		7 Food Safety and Waste-to-Wealth Through Blue Economy: Nigeria Issue
			7.1 Strategic Location and Trade
			7.2 Challenges and Considerations of Implementing Blue Economy in Nigeria
		8 Nigeria and the Blue Economy: The Niger Delta
		9 Rebuilding a Healthy Marine Ecosystem
		10 Marine-Derived Products and Their Current and Potential Uses
		11 Food Safety and Microplastics Found in Seafoods
		12 Conclusion
		References
	By-products Approach to Mitigating the Menace of Food Loss
		1 Introduction
		2 The Significance of By-products in Food Sustainability
			2.1 Definition and Categorization of Food By-products
			2.2 Circular Economy and Sustainable Food Systems
			2.3 Statistical Data Regarding the Potential Decrease in Food Loss
		3 Current Research and Methodologies
			3.1 Literature Review
			3.2 Case Studies Demonstrating Successful Implementations of These Methodologies
			3.3 Examination of the Environmental, Economic, and Social Consequences
		4 Technologies and Innovations in By-product Utilization
			4.1 Advanced Technologies
			4.2 Advancements in the Processing
			4.3 Challenges and Limitations of Existing Technologies and Possible Solutions
		5 Policy, Regulations, and Incentives
			5.1 Current Policies and Regulations
			5.2 Examination of Incentives for Businesses to Embrace By-product Utilization Practices
			5.3 International Comparisons of Policy Frameworks
		6 Challenges and Barriers
			6.1 Identification of the Challenges
			6.2 Analysis of Consumer and Industry Perceptions
			6.3 Strategies Suggested by Researchers and Practitioners
		7 The Future of By-products in Mitigating Food Loss
			7.1 Emerging Trends and Future Directions
			7.2 Novel Technologies and Methodologies
			7.3 Perspectives on the Long-Term Effects
		8 Conclusion
		References
	Fishing and Aquaculture Bioprospecting of the Ocean
		1 Introduction
		2 Marine Ecosystem Services
		3 Services and Benefits of Ocean Resources
		4 Present Status of Global Marine Fish Production
		5 Status and Potential of Marine Fisheries Resources: India
		6 Challenges in Marine Fisheries
			6.1 Impact of Capture Fisheries on Marine Ecosystem
			6.2 Pollution and Human Impact
		7 Phases of Bioprospecting Activity
		8 Potential Bioprospecting Targets in the Ocean
		9 Techniques for Marine Microbial Bioprospecting
		10 Gene-Based Approach for Marine Bioprospecting
		11 Challenges in Marine Bioprospecting
			11.1 Environmental Problems
			11.2 Legal Issues
		12 Future of Bioprospecting
		References
Part II: Innovations in Blue Bioeconomy
	Blue Bioeconomy and Agricultural Innovation
		1 Introduction
		2 Understanding the Blue Bioeconomy
			2.1 Definition and Core Principles
		3 Key Sectors and Activities
		4 Global Trends and Growth Potential
		5 Challenges and Opportunities
			5.1 Environmental Concerns
			5.2 Regulatory Hurdles
			5.3 Social Considerations
			5.4 Opportunities for Innovation and Collaboration
		6 Intertwining Blue Bioeconomy and Agriculture
			6.1 Synergies and Interdependencies
			6.2 Aquaculture-Agriculture Integration
			6.3 Nutrient Cycling and Resource Utilization
			6.4 Coastal Zone Management and Land-Sea Interactions
			6.5 Knowledge Sharing and Innovation
			6.6 Policy Coherence and Integrated Planning
		7 Agricultural Innovation for the Blue Bioeconomy
			7.1 Technological Advancements and Impacts
				7.1.1 Precision Irrigation
				7.1.2 Desalination
				7.1.3 Bioprospecting
			7.2 Sustainable Practices and Resource Management
				7.2.1 Responsible Aquaculture Practices
				7.2.2 Closed-Loop Systems
				7.2.3 Role of Policies in Promoting Integration
				7.2.4 Ensuring Responsible Development
			7.3 Collaborative Initiatives and Partnerships
				7.3.1 Importance of Collaboration
				7.3.2 Emphasizing the Role of the Blue Bioeconomy in Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainability
		8 Case Studies in Innovation
			8.1 Aquaculture and Integrated Farming Systems
			8.2 Biotechnology Applications in Marine Agriculture
			8.3 Innovative Crop Cultivation Techniques in Coastal Areas
			8.4 Examples of Cross-Sectoral Collaborations
		9 Challenges and the Road Ahead
			9.1 Environmental Concerns and Ecosystem Preservation
			9.2 Socioeconomic Implications and Equity Issues
			9.3 Research and Development Needs
			9.4 Scaling Up and Replication
		10 Conclusion
		References
	Blue Bioeconomy and Industrial Innovation
		1 Introduction:
			1.1 Interconnection Between the Two Concepts
			1.2 Importance of Blue Bioeconomy and Industrial Innovation in Sustainable Economic Development
		2 Understanding the Blue Bioeconomy
			2.1 Overview of Marine-Based Economic Activities
				2.1.1 Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture
				2.1.2 Marine Transportation
				2.1.3 Marine Renewable Energy
				2.1.4 Tourism and Recreation
				2.1.5 Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals
			2.2 Emphasis on Sustainable Utilization of Ocean Resources
				2.2.1 Fisheries Management
				2.2.2 Aquaculture Sustainability
				2.2.3 Marine Renewable Energy
				2.2.4 Coastal Recreation and Tourism
			2.3 Integration of Traditional Industries with Modern Innovations
				2.3.1 Agriculture and Precision Farming
				2.3.2 Textiles and Sustainable Fashion
				2.3.3 Fishing and Aquaculture Technologies
				2.3.4 Biomedical Advances and Traditional Medicine
		3 Industrial Innovation in the Blue Bioeconomy
			3.1 Role of Technology in Driving Innovation in Marine Sectors
				3.1.1 Autonomous Vessels
				3.1.2 Renewable Energy Solutions
				3.1.3 Digitalization and Data Analytics
				3.1.4 Environmental Monitoring and Conservation
			3.2 Illustrations of Cutting-Edge Methods in Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Marine Transportation
				3.2.1 Innovative Practices in Fisheries
				3.2.2 Advancements in Aquaculture
				3.2.3 Innovative Solutions in Maritime Transport
			3.3 Importance of Research and Development in Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability
				3.3.1 Research and Development in Fisheries
				3.3.2 The Role of Research and Development in Sustainable Maritime Transportation
				3.3.3 The Value of Research and Development for the Sustainability of the Blue Bioeconomy
		4 Case Studies and Best Practices
			4.1 Successful Examples of Innovative Projects in Blue Bioeconomy Sectors
			4.2 Sustainable Fisheries Management: The Case of Smart Gear Technology
			4.3 Aquaculture Innovation: Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)
			4.4 Maritime Transport: Zero-Emission Vessels and Port Infrastructure
		5 Lessons Learned and Replicable Models for Sustainable Development
			5.1 Integration of Ecosystem-Based Management
			5.2 Circular Bioeconomy Approaches in Aquaculture
			5.3 Collaborative Research and Innovation Hubs
			5.4 Public-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Shipping
		6 Impact of Blue Bioeconomy and Industrial Innovation on Local Economies and Communities
			6.1 Sustainable Fisheries Management in Coastal Communities
			6.2 Aquaculture Innovation and Employment Generation
			6.3 Maritime Industry Transformation and Skills Development
		7 Future Trends and Outlook
			7.1 Emerging Technologies Shaping the Future of the Blue Bioeconomy
			7.2 Autonomous Vessels and Smart Shipping
			7.3 Remote Sensing and Monitoring Systems
			7.4 Advanced Aquaculture Technologies
		8 Potential for Scaling Up Blue Bioeconomy and Industrial Innovative Solutions Globally
			8.1 Policy Implications and Pathways for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth of Blue Bioeconomy
				8.1.1 Policy Framework for Blue Bioeconomy Development
				8.1.2 Investment in Human Capital and Skills Development
				8.1.3 Incentive Mechanisms for Sustainable Practices
		9 Conclusion
		References
	Blue Bioeconomy and Biomedical Innovation
		1 Introduction
		2 Foundations of Blue Bioeconomy
			2.1 Overview of Marine Resources and Ecosystems
			2.2 Historical Development of Blue Bioeconomy
			2.3 Key Stakeholders and Their Roles in Blue Bioeconomy
		3 Biomedical Applications of Marine Resources
			3.1 Bioprospecting: Exploring Marine Biodiversity for Biomedical Purposes
			3.2 Drug Discovery and Development from Marine Organisms
			3.3 Medical Devices and Biomaterials Derived from Marine Sources
		4 Challenges and Opportunities
			4.1 Sustainability and Conservation Considerations
			4.2 Regulatory Frameworks and Intellectual Property Issues
			4.3 Technological Advancements Driving Innovation in the Blue Bioeconomy
		5 Case Studies
			5.1 Successful Examples of Blue Bioeconomy Initiatives in Biomedical Innovation
			5.2 Lessons Learned and Best Practices
		6 Future Directions
			6.1 Emerging Trends and Potential Growth Areas in Blue Bioeconomy
			6.2 Opportunities for Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Research
			6.3 Policy Recommendations for Fostering Sustainable Blue Bioeconomy Development
		7 Conclusion
		References
	Marine Genetic Resources of Blue Economy
		1 Introduction
		2 Understanding Marine Genetic Resources of Blue Economy
			2.1 Classification of Marine Genetic Resources
			2.2 Biodiversity Hotspots and Their Importance in MGR Conservation
			2.3 Legal Frameworks Governing Access and Benefit Sharing of MGRs
		3 Potential Bioprospecting and Biotechnological Applications
		4 Conservation and Sustainable Management of Marine Genetic Resources
			4.1 Role of Marine Protected Areas in MGR Conservation
		5 Economic Value and Benefits of MGRs
			5.1 Economic Potential of MGRs in the Blue Economy
			5.2 Contribution of MGR-Based Industries to Socioeconomic Development
			5.3 Opportunities for Entrepreneurship and Investment in MGR-Related Ventures
		6 Ethical and Legal Considerations of Marine Genetic Resources
			6.1 International Agreements and Conventions Addressing MGRs
			6.2 Intellectual Property Rights and Equitable Benefit-Sharing Mechanisms
		7 Future Directions and Challenges in Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs)
			7.1 Emerging Trends in MGR Research and Technology
			7.2 Key Challenges and Barriers to Sustainable Utilization of MGRs
			7.3 Strategies for Fostering International Collaboration and Capacity-Building
		8 Conclusion
		References
	Microbial Bioprospecting Products of Marine Economy
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Conceptualization of the Blue Economy
			1.2 Principles for a Sustainable Blue Economy
			1.3 India’s Blue Economy
			1.4 Fisheries and Aquaculture
			1.5 Shipping and Maritime Services
			1.6 Ship Breaking Industry
		2 Components of the Blue Economy
			2.1 The Blue Economy Challenges
			2.2 Benefit of Blue Economy
			2.3 Ways Forward to Blue Economy
		3 Marine Bioprospecting
			3.1 Strategies for Microbial Bioprospecting
			3.2 Culture-Independent Functional Bioprospecting
			3.3 Understanding Microbial Prospecting
			3.4 Challenges Facing Marine Microbial Bioprospecting
			3.5 Culturability and Identification of the Microorganisms
			3.6 Microbial Products
		4 Conclusions
		References
	Roles of Marine Microbial Products to the Nigeria Economy
		1 Introduction
		2 Marine Ecosystem
			2.1 Diversity of Marine Microbial Communities
				2.1.1 Marine Microorganism Classes
			2.2 Marine Microbial Products
			2.3 Finding Marine Microbiological Products
				2.3.1 Marine Microbial Products Not Dependent on Genomes Finding Out
				2.3.2 Discovery of Marine Microbial Products Dependent on Genome
		3 Types of Marine Microbial Products
			3.1 Principal Enzymes
			3.2 Relative Metabolites
			3.3 Using Marine Microorganisms’ Useful Products to Improve Living Conditions in Nigeria
				3.3.1 Pharmaceutical Industry
				3.3.2 The Beauty Industry
			3.4 Difficulties in Utilizing Marine Resources
			3.5 Efficient Administration of Nigeria’s Marine Resources
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Possible Methods of Suppressing Mycotoxin in Aquatic Organisms Feed
		1 Introduction
		2 Methods of Controlling Mycotoxins
			2.1 Preharvest Methods
				2.1.1 Planting Recommendations
				2.1.2 Crop Rotation and Management
				2.1.3 Tillage Practices
			2.2 Harvest Strategies
			2.3 Postharvest Strategies
				2.3.1 Physical Treatment/Control
				2.3.2 Sorting
				2.3.3 Processing
				2.3.4 Storage
				2.3.5 Radiation
				2.3.6 Processing Methods
				2.3.7 Cold Plasma
				2.3.8 Mycotoxin Binders
				2.3.9 Chemical Control
				2.3.10 Bases (Ammonia, Hydrated Oxide)
				2.3.11 Chitosan
				2.3.12 Ozone Treatment
				2.3.13 Biological
					2.3.13.1 Bacteria
					2.3.13.2 Yeast
					2.3.13.3 Food Fermentation
					2.3.13.4 Fungi
					2.3.13.5 Enzymatic Detoxification
		3 Novel Detoxification Strategies
			3.1 Nanoparticles
			3.2 Plant Extracts
			3.3 Monitoring and Quality Control
		4 Future Perspectives
		5 Conclusion
		References
	Prospects of Microbial Enzymes in Marine Blue Economy
		1 Introduction
		2 Marine Blue Economy
		3 Exploration of Marine Resources for Microbial Enzymes
		4 Functions and Roles of Microbial Enzymes in Biological Processes
		5 Marine Microbial Enzymes
			5.1 Protease
			5.2 Lipase
			5.3 Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes
				5.3.1 Chitinase and Chitosanase
				5.3.2 Alginate Lyases
				5.3.3 Agarases
				5.3.4 Cellulase and Hemicellulose
				5.3.5 Carrageenases
				5.3.6 Xylanases
				5.3.7 Other Polysaccharide Hydrolases
			5.4 Transglutaminase
			5.5 Phytase
			5.6 Extremozymes
		6 Application Field
		7 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Blue Bioeconomy in Ecosystem Conservation
	Blue Biomass Production for Renewable Energy
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Types of Blue Biomass
			1.2 Importance of Blue Biomass for Renewable Energy
		2 Types of Blue Biomass
		3 Cultivation Techniques
		4 Harvesting and Processing
		5 Potential Applications of Blue Biomass
		6 Environmental Considerations
		7 Economic Viability
		8 Case Studies
		9 Future Perspectives
		10 Conclusion
		References
	Marine Greens Prospecting: Untapped Blue Resources
		1 Introduction
		2 Marine Greens: Definition and Classification
			2.1 Definition of Marine Greens
			2.2 Classification of Marine Greens
				2.2.1 Based on Pigmentation
				2.2.2 Categorized by Habitat
				2.2.3 By Application Potential
		3 Ecological Significance of Marine Greens
			3.1 Primary Production and Carbon Sequestration
			3.2 Biodiversity and Habitat Formation
			3.3 Climate Regulation and Resilience
		4 Historical Perspective on Marine Greens Utilization
			4.1 From Ancient Times to the Middle Ages
			4.2 The Period from the Renaissance to the Eighteenth Century
			4.3 The Nineteenth Century
			4.4 The Twentieth Century
			4.5 The Period from the 1950s to the 1970s
			4.6 The Era of the Twenty-First Century and beyond
		5 Current Prospecting Techniques and Challenges
			5.1 Prospecting Techniques
			5.2 Challenges in Marine Greens Prospecting
		6 Marine Greens as Sustainable Resources
			6.1 Nutritional and Food Applications
			6.2 Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications
			6.3 Environmental and Ecological Applications
			6.4 Energy and Biofuel Production
			6.5 Economic and Social Implications
			6.6 Challenges and Future Directions
		7 Future Directions and Untapped Potential
			7.1 Advances in Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
			7.2 Sustainable Aquaculture and Mariculture Innovations
			7.3 Exploration of Novel Marine Green Resources
			7.4 Circular Economy and Sustainable Industrial Applications
		8 Policy and Regulatory Considerations
			8.1 Sustainable Resource Management
			8.2 Environmental Protection
			8.3 Economic Development and Trade
			8.4 Technological Innovation and Research
			8.5 Social Equity and Community Engagement
		9 Conclusions
		References
	Blue Carbon: Roles in Climate Change and Energy Generation, and Effects on Coastal Communities
		1 Introduction
		2 Blue Carbon and Climate Change Mitigation
		3 Harnessing Blue Carbon’s Energy Potential
		4 Impact of Blue Carbon on Coastal Communities
		5 Future Recommendations
		6 Conclusion
		References
	Generation of Renewable Energy by Blue Resources for a Clean Environment
		1 Introduction
		2 Background on Generation of Renewable Energy from Blue Resources
			2.1 Types of Blue Resources
			2.2 Advantages of Generating Renewable Energy from Blue Resources
				2.2.1 Abundance and Predictability
				2.2.2 Low Environmental Impact
				2.2.3 Economic Benefits
			2.3 Challenges and Limitations
			2.4 Current Technologies and Projects
			2.5 Future Prospects and Potential
			2.6 Policy and Regulatory Framework
			2.7 Conclusion
		References
	Blue Economy in Nigeria and the African Continent
		1 Introduction
		2 Nigeria’s Geographical View on the Blue Economy
		3 Historical Perspective of Blue Economy
		4 A Comprehensive Analysis of the Blue Economy and Its Conceptualization
		5 The Nigerian Blue Economy’s Potential and Opportunities
		6 Activities and Resources of Blue Economy in Nigeria and Africa
			6.1 Oceanic Activities
			6.2 Marine-Related Endeavors
		7 Challenges Posed by the Threat of Blue Economy Activities in Nigeria and the Broader African Context
		8 Petroleum Industry’s Effects on Nigeria’s Blue Economy
		9 Factors and Industries Influencing the Blue Economy
			9.1 Extraction of Living Resources
			9.2 The Process of Extracting Non-living Resources
			9.3 Promotion of Commerce Tourism and Trade
			9.4 Influence on Economic Activities and the Environment
		10 The Forthcoming Trajectory of the Blue Economy
			10.1 Fisheries and Aquaculture
			10.2 Ocean Biotechnology
			10.3 Maritime Extraction
			10.4 The Exploration of Oil and Gas Fields
			10.5 Sustainable Energy
		11 Linking the Blue Economy with Sustainable Development Goals
		12 The Blue Economy and Sustainability, a Focus on Africa
		13 The Path Ahead for the Blue Economy
		14 Conclusion
		References
	Remediation of Marine Pollutants for Biorefinery Innovations
		1 Introduction
		2 Sources, Pathways, Types, and Characteristics of Plastics
			2.1 Sources of Plastics
				2.1.1 Primary Sources
				2.1.2 Secondary Sources
					2.1.2.1 Airborne Dust
					2.1.2.2 Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) Effluent
					2.1.2.3 Secondary Microplastics
					2.1.2.4 Wear and Tear from Plastic Items
			2.2 Pathways
				2.2.1 The Density Factor
				2.2.2 Accumulation
			2.3 Types, Characteristics, and Common Applications of Plastics
			2.4 Potential Effects of Plastic Debris on Marine Environments and Human Health
				2.4.1 Effects of (Micro)Plastics on Marine Environments
				2.4.2 Effects of (Micro)Plastics on Human Health
		3 Biorefinery Remediation Technologies for Waste Plastic
			3.1 Physical Approach
			3.2 Biological Approach
			3.3 Composites-Based Recycled Plastics
			3.4 Bioplastics or Biopolymers
		4 Conclusion
		References
Index