Mapping Chinese Investment in South Asia

Acknowledgements
Contents
Abbreviation and Acronyms
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	Chinese Investment in Afghanistan
	Chinese Investment in Bangladesh
	Chinese Investment in India
	Chinese Investment in Nepal
	Chinese Investment in Pakistan
	Chinese Investment in Sri Lanka
	China’s Growing Strategic Influence in the Region
	References
2 The Belt and Road Initiative in South Asia: Benefit for China or Threat to Participants
	China’s Trade and Investment with BRI Participants
	Foreign Direct Investment
		Chinese FDI in South Asia
		BRI Projects in South Asia
			Pakistan
			Afghanistan
			Bangladesh
			Nepal
			Sri Lanka
			Maldives
	BRI and China’s Trade Agreements
	Why BRI Is Being Criticised?
		The Debt Trap Diplomacy
		Inflated Cost
		Ambiguous Bidding Process and Widespread Corruption
		Environmental Degradation
	Slow Down of BRI
	Reaction of Non-participants to BRI
	Conclusion
	Annexure 2.1
		Select BRI Projects
		BRI Projects in South Asia
	References
3 China’s Conundrum in Afghanistan
	Evolution of Diplomatic Ties
		Sino-Afghan Economic Engagement
		Sino-Afghan Trade Ties
		Chinese Investments in Afghanistan
		Chinese Development Aid to Afghanistan
	Afghanistan as a BRI Partner
	Challenges to BRI in Afghanistan
	Concluding Thoughts
	References
4 China in Bangladesh: Developing Infrastructure or Deepening Influence
	Developing Diplomatic Ties Since Liberation
	Extending Defence and Military Cooperation
	Indian Influence on Sino-Bangladeshi Ties
	Developing Economic Cooperation or Deepening Dependence
	Current Scenario of Bilateral Trade
	Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh
		The Policy Milieu
	FDI Inflows in Bangladesh
		Capturing Chinese FDI in Bangladesh
	Chinese Infrastructure Investment in Bangladesh
	Navigating BRI in Bangladesh
	Conclusion
	References
5 Growing Sino-Indian Economic Ties: Under the Shadow of Border Tension
	Sino-Indian Relation: Flourishing over Time
	India-China Economic Relationship
		Why Countries Are Apprehensive of Chinese Capital?
	Trend of Chinese FDI Flows in India
	Why India Did Not Participate in BRI?
	Territorial Integrity
	Security Concern
	The AIIB Factor
	Conclusion and Policy Implication
	References
6 Chinese Investment in Nepal: Capturing the Himalayan Hills
	Establishment of Diplomatic Relation
	Nepal-China Economic Engagement
	Nepal-China Trade in the Contemporary Period
	China’s Aid and Assistance to Nepal
	FDI Inflows in Nepal
	Nepal’s Engagement in Belt and Road Initiative
	Challenges to BRI in Nepal
	Concluding Remarks
	References
7 Chinese Investment in Pakistan: Approaching Towards Bankruptcy
	Establishment of Diplomatic Relationship
	Sino-Pakistani Military Ties
	China-Pakistan Economic Relation
	Sino-Pakistani Trade Relation in Twenty-First Century
	China-Pakistan Investment Relations
		Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan
	FDI Inflow in Pakistan
	Chinese Infrastructure Investments in Pakistan
	BRI in Pakistan: A Game Changing Opportunity or Threat to Pakistan?
	Implementing Critical Projects Under CPEC
		Gwadar Port and the Port City
	Energy Cooperation Through Establishing Power Plants
	Establishing Inland Connectivity
	Challenges to CPEC
	Conclusion
	References
8 China’s Investment in Sri Lanka: Trap of Debt
	Development of China-SL Bilateral Relationship
		China as the Biggest Investor in Sri Lanka
	Sri Lanka as FDI Destination
	Volume of Chinese Investment in Sri Lanka
	Strengthening Relations Through BRI
	Critical Assessment of BRI in Sri Lanka
	Burdening Sri Lanka with Chinese Loan
		Hambantota Case Study
	Colombo International Port City
	Summary and Conclusion
	References