Managing Engineering and Technology

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 18
Part I: Introduction to Engineering Management......Page 20
  Learning Objectives......Page 22
   Origins of Engineering......Page 23
   Engineering as a Profession......Page 24
   What Engineers Do......Page 25
   Management Defined......Page 28
   Management Levels......Page 29
   Managerial Roles—What Managers Do......Page 31
   Functions of Managers......Page 32
   Management: Art or Science?......Page 33
   What is Engineering Management?......Page 34
   Need for Engineers in Management......Page 35
   Management and the Engineering Career......Page 36
  Sources......Page 39
  Statistical Sourcebook......Page 40
  Learning Objectives......Page 41
   Ancient Civilizations......Page 42
   The Arsenal of Venice......Page 43
   End of Cottage Industry......Page 44
   Problems of the Factory System......Page 45
   Industrial Development in America......Page 46
   Development of Engineering Education......Page 47
  Management Philosophies......Page 48
   Henry Towne and the ASME......Page 49
   Frederick W. Taylor......Page 50
   The Gilbreths......Page 52
   Growth and Implications of Scientific Management......Page 53
   Henri Fayol......Page 55
   Max Weber and Bureaucracy......Page 56
   Lyndall Urwick......Page 57
   Hawthorne Studies......Page 58
   Quality Management......Page 60
   Information Technology......Page 61
   Globalization......Page 62
  Discussion Questions......Page 63
  Sources......Page 64
Part II: Functions of Technology Management......Page 66
  Preview......Page 68
  Leadership......Page 69
   Nature of Leadership......Page 70
   Leadership Secrets......Page 71
   People/Task Matrix Approaches......Page 74
   Situational Approaches......Page 76
   Shackleton......Page 77
   Servant Leadership......Page 78
   Southwest Airlines......Page 79
   Introduction......Page 83
   Leadership from Good to Great......Page 84
   Content Theories......Page 87
   Motivation—Mary Kay......Page 88
   Process Theories......Page 91
   General Nature of the Technical Professional......Page 93
   All Engineers Need Leadership Skills......Page 94
   Leading Technical Professionals......Page 95
  Discussion Questions......Page 100
  Sources......Page 101
  Statistical Sourcebook......Page 103
  Preview......Page 104
   The Planning/Decision-Making Process......Page 105
   Mission—Microsoft......Page 107
   Mission—Pal's......Page 109
   Mission—Southwest Airlines......Page 110
   Management by Objectives......Page 112
   Planning Horizon......Page 113
   Policies and Procedures......Page 114
   Qualitative Methods......Page 115
   Quantitative Methods......Page 116
   Regression Models......Page 118
   Technological Forecasting......Page 120
   Invention and Innovation......Page 122
   Managing Technological Change......Page 123
   Technological Change......Page 124
  Discussion Questions......Page 125
  Sources......Page 126
  Statistical Sourcebook......Page 127
  Preview......Page 128
   Occasions for Decision......Page 129
   Types of Decisions......Page 130
   Origins......Page 131
   Models andtheir Analysis......Page 132
   The Analyst and the Manager......Page 133
   Categories of Decision Making......Page 134
   Decision Making Under Certainty......Page 135
   Decision Making under Risk......Page 138
   Simulation......Page 141
   Decision Making Under Uncertainty......Page 144
   Integrated Databases......Page 147
   Expert Systems......Page 148
  Problems......Page 149
  Sources......Page 151
  Preview......Page 152
   Legal Forms of Organization......Page 153
   Organizing by Key Activities......Page 154
   Patterns of Departmentation......Page 155
   Span of Control......Page 158
   Line and Staff Functions and Relationships......Page 161
   The Woodward and Aston Studies......Page 162
  Teams......Page 164
  Impact of the Information Revolution......Page 165
  Discussion Questions......Page 168
  Sources......Page 169
  Preview......Page 170
   Human Resource Planning......Page 171
   Finding The Job: The Applicant’s Viewpoint......Page 174
   Engineering Management Applications in a Nonengineering Environment......Page 178
   Nature of Authority......Page 183
   Sources of Power......Page 184
   Assignment, Delegation, and Accountability......Page 185
   Barriers to Delegation for Engineers......Page 186
   Decentralization......Page 187
   Reasons for Using Committees......Page 188
  Discussion Questions......Page 189
  Statistical Sourcebook......Page 190
  Preview......Page 191
   Mechanical Process Control......Page 192
   Three Perspectives on the Timing of Control......Page 194
  Financial Controls......Page 195
   Budgets......Page 196
   Cost Accounting......Page 197
   Financial Statements......Page 198
   Ratio Analysis......Page 201
  Human Resource Controls......Page 203
   Other Nonfinancial Controls......Page 205
  Discussion Questions......Page 206
  Problems......Page 207
  Sources......Page 208
Part III: Managing Technology......Page 210
  Preview......Page 212
  Product and Technology Life Cycles......Page 213
   R&D Defined......Page 215
   Distribution by Expenditure and Performance......Page 216
   New Product Strategies......Page 217
   Corporate Research Organizations......Page 218
   Need for Selection......Page 219
   Initial Screening......Page 220
   Quantitative Approaches......Page 221
   R&D and Business Strategy......Page 222
   Evaluating R&D Effectiveness......Page 223
   Support for R&D......Page 224
   Protection of Ideas......Page 226
   Patents......Page 227
   Trademarks and Other Marks......Page 228
   Copyrights......Page 229
   Comparison of Means of Protecting Ideas......Page 230
   The Creative Process......Page 232
   Brainstorming and Other Techniques for Creativity......Page 233
   Providing a Creative Environment......Page 235
   Technological Gatekeepers in R&D Organizations......Page 236
  Discussion Questions......Page 237
  Sources......Page 238
  Statistical Sourcebook......Page 239
  Preview......Page 240
  Nature of Engineering Design......Page 241
   Tasks/Stages in Systems Engineering......Page 242
   Concurrent (Simultaneous) Engineering......Page 245
   Drawing/Design Release......Page 246
   Configuration Management......Page 247
   Search Engine for Engineers......Page 248
   Design Review......Page 250
   Product Liability......Page 251
   Reliability......Page 255
   Maintainability......Page 260
   Availability......Page 261
   Human Factors......Page 262
   Producibility......Page 264
   Value Engineering......Page 265
  Problems......Page 266
  Sources......Page 267
  Preview......Page 268
   Vital Nature of Production......Page 269
   The Engineer in Production Activity......Page 270
   Plant Location......Page 273
   Plant Layout......Page 275
   Inventory Control......Page 278
   Break-Even Charts......Page 280
   Learning Curves......Page 283
   Introduction......Page 284
   Steps in Production Planning......Page 285
   Production Planning and Control Systems......Page 286
   Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)......Page 287
   Some Definitions......Page 291
   Advantages of an FMS......Page 292
   Lean Manufacturing......Page 293
  Discussion Questions......Page 294
  Sources......Page 295
  Statistical Sourcebooks......Page 296
  Preview......Page 297
   Quality Costs......Page 298
   Statistics of Quality......Page 300
   Process Control Charts......Page 302
   Inspection and Sampling......Page 303
   Pal's......Page 304
  Total Quality Management......Page 305
   Taguchi Methods......Page 306
   Deming's 14 Points......Page 307
   ISO 9000......Page 308
   Quality Teams......Page 309
   Manufacturing Productivity—International Comparisons......Page 310
   Informal Time Standards......Page 311
   Engineered Time Standards......Page 312
  Maintenance and Facilities (Plant) Engineering......Page 313
   Types of Maintenance......Page 314
   Some Maintenance Management Considerations......Page 315
   Other Facilities and Plant Engineering Functions......Page 316
   Human Resources (Personnel) Management......Page 317
   Purchasing and Materials Management......Page 318
  Problems......Page 319
  Sources......Page 320
  Statistical Sourcebooks......Page 321
  Preview......Page 322
   Types of Marketing Relationships......Page 323
   Engineering Involvement in Marketing Industrial Products......Page 324
   After-Sales Service......Page 329
   E-Marketing......Page 330
   Introducing New Technology into the Market......Page 331
   Characteristics of the Service Sector......Page 332
   Government Regulation: A Key Driving Force in Engineering......Page 333
   Some Specific Service Industry Examples......Page 335
   Sustainable Energy and Environments......Page 338
  Discussion Questions......Page 340
  Statistical Sourcebooks......Page 341
Part IV: Managing Projects......Page 342
  Preview......Page 344
  Characteristics of a Project......Page 345
   Preproposal Effort......Page 346
   Proposal Preparation......Page 347
  Project Planning Tools......Page 349
   Scope......Page 350
   Schedule......Page 351
  Monitoring and Controlling......Page 361
   Reducing Project Duration......Page 362
   Crashing the Project......Page 363
   Closing......Page 365
  Problems......Page 366
  Sources......Page 368
  Preview......Page 369
   Elements of the Project-Driven Organization......Page 370
   Projectized versus Functional Organizations......Page 371
   Matrix Management......Page 374
   Organization Structure and Project Success......Page 377
   Characteristics of Effective Project Managers......Page 378
   The Manager's Charter......Page 379
   Team Building......Page 380
   Managing Conflict......Page 381
   Keys to Project Success......Page 383
   Customer Communications......Page 384
   Early Learning Path......Page 385
   Fixed-Price Contracts......Page 386
   Cost Type Contracts......Page 387
  Sources......Page 388
Part V: Managing Your Engineering Career......Page 390
  Learning Objectives......Page 392
   Some Definitions......Page 393
   Engineering Codes of Ethics......Page 396
   Ethical Problems in Consulting and Construction......Page 397
   Ethical Problems in Industrial Practice......Page 402
   Company Responses to Ethical Problems......Page 406
   Summary: Making Ethical Decisions......Page 411
  Discussion Questions......Page 414
  Sources......Page 415
  Case Study Websites......Page 416
  Preview......Page 417
   Background......Page 418
   Regarding Your Work......Page 419
   Regarding Associates and Outsiders......Page 421
   Career Fields......Page 422
   Career Stages......Page 424
   Importance of Communication......Page 425
   Communication Methods Compared......Page 426
   Other Factors in Effective Communication......Page 428
   Communication Tools of Special Importance to the Engineer......Page 429
   The Threat of Obsolescence......Page 430
   Methods of Reducing Obsolescence......Page 431
   Professional Societies......Page 433
   Accreditation, Registration, and Certification......Page 435
   Women as Engineering Students......Page 437
   The Underrepresented Minority Engineering Student......Page 439
   Relation to the Engineering Career......Page 440
   Need for Engineers in Top Management......Page 441
   Should You Choose Management?......Page 442
   The Dual Career Ladder......Page 443
   Preparing for Managerial Responsibilities......Page 444
   Work Smarter, Not Longer......Page 449
   Time Wasters and What to Do About Them......Page 450
   Tools of Time Management......Page 451
  Discussion Questions......Page 452
  Sources......Page 454
  Global Website......Page 457
  Preview......Page 458
  Globalization......Page 459
   Japanese Management Styles......Page 462
   European Union......Page 464
   International Trade Agreements......Page 465
   Management in Developing Countries......Page 466
   Significance for the Engineering Career......Page 468
   Sustainability......Page 469
   Vulnerability......Page 470
   The Information Revolution......Page 471
   The Flattened World......Page 472
   Changes in the Engineering Career......Page 473
  Sources......Page 474
  Global Websites......Page 475
 Index......Page 476