Management Ideas: A Short History of Business Administration

Preface
Contents
Part I: Before the Institutionalization of Business Administration as a Science
	Chapter 1: Early Devices and Techniques in Western Asia and the Near East
		1.1 Before Script and Numbers in Iraq
		1.2 Early Bookkeeping in the Near East
		1.3 Later Developments in India
		1.4 Hebrew and Islamic Experiences Traveling to Europe
	Chapter 2: Management of Homes, Estates, and Trade in Europe Until the Middle Ages
		2.1 Management Ideas by Greek Philosophers
		2.2 Management Ideas by Political Minds in the Roman Empire
		2.3 Management Ideas by Theologians in Central Europe in the Middle Ages
		2.4 Summarizing Observations
	Chapter 3: The Age of Enlightenment and Beyond in Europe
		3.1 Methodological Advancement: Induction from Experiments
		3.2 The Problem of Compound Interest Solved by Logic
		3.3 Comprehensive Books for Merchants
		3.4 First Ideas on Business Administration as an Academic Discipline
	Chapter 4: Three Streams of Knowledge Generation in Nineteenth-Century Europe
		4.1 The Normative Approach
		4.2 The Empirical-Realistic Approach
		4.3 Theoretical Approaches
		4.4 Interim Results
Part II: Criteria for Business Administration as a Science
	Chapter 5: Indicators of a Science and Models of Its Development
		5.1 Meanings of Science from Different Perspectives
		5.2 The Existence of Essential Questions as a Characteristic of a Science
			5.2.1 Four Authors on Important Questions
			5.2.2 What Is a Firm?
			5.2.3 Why Do Firms Exist?
			5.2.4 Who Are the Entrepreneurs, and Why Can They Exist?
			5.2.5 Interim Result
		5.3 Systematic Procedures to Develop New Knowledge: Controlling the Toolbox
			5.3.1 Value Judgments
			5.3.2 Falsifiability
			5.3.3 Scientific Control and its Disregard
			5.3.4 Interim Results
		5.4 Preservation of Knowledge or the Cost of Forgetting
			5.4.1 The General Problem
			5.4.2 Loss of Knowledge in Business Administration
			5.4.3 Interim Results
	Chapter 6: Scientific Progress in General and in Business Administration
		6.1 The Individual
		6.2 The Discipline
		6.3 Scientific Advance by Solving Puzzles
		6.4 A Model for Business Administration?
		6.5 Purposes of Science
	Chapter 7: Emerging Scientific Infrastructure for Business Administration
		7.1 Starting Business Schools
		7.2 Publications for the Discipline
		7.3 Professional Associations to Serve Scientific Advances
Part III: The Institutionalized Science
	Chapter 8: In Search of an Objective Function and a Name
		8.1 Ideological Controversies in Germany
		8.2 Pragmatic Solutions in the USA
	Chapter 9: Decline Under Political Influences and Two New Beginnings: The Cases of Germany
		9.1 The Period 1933-1945
			9.1.1 The Human Aspects
			9.1.2 Mainstream Business Administration
			9.1.3 New Ideas in Niches
		9.2 Business Administration in the German Democratic Republic
		9.3 Gutenberg´s Approach in the Federal Republic of Germany
			9.3.1 A Sketch of the Post-War Situation
			9.3.2 New Paradigms
	Chapter 10: Sketches on Developing Specializations
		10.1 Modes of Specialization
		10.2 Examples of Functional Specializations
			10.2.1 Accounting
			10.2.2 Human Resources and Organization
			10.2.3 From Sales Management to Marketing
			10.2.4 Capital Budgeting and Finance
		10.3 Cross-functional Specializations
			10.3.1 Research and Innovation Management
			10.3.2 Specialization by Phase: Firm Growth
		10.4 Observations on Specializations
Part IV: Limitations, Further Needs and Lessons Learned
	Chapter 11: Limitations and Further Needs
	Chapter 12: Lessons Learned: Reasons for Histories of Management Ideas
Index