Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology

Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Dedication......Page 6
About the Authors......Page 7
Brief Contents......Page 9
Contents......Page 12
Preface......Page 21
PART 1 Introduction......Page 26
What Is Mammalogy?......Page 27
Why Study Mammals?......Page 29
Resources for Mammalogists......Page 33
Organization of the Book......Page 37
Summary......Page 38
Suggested Readings......Page 39
Discussion Questions......Page 40
Chapter 2 History of Mammalogy......Page 41
First Interest in Mammals......Page 44
17th- and 18th-Century Natural History......Page 46
19th-Century Mammalogy......Page 52
Emergence of Mammalogy as a Science......Page 63
Summary......Page 70
Suggested Readings......Page 71
Discussion Questions......Page 72
Chapter 3 Methods for Studying Mammals......Page 73
Field Methods......Page 74
Laboratory and Museum Methods......Page 87
Systematic Methods......Page 112
Summary......Page 131
Suggested Readings......Page 134
Discussion Questions......Page 135
Relationships and Classification of Living Mammalian Orders......Page 137
Timing of the Mammalian Radiations......Page 151
Summary......Page 159
Discussion Questions......Page 161
Chapter 5 Evolution and Dental Characteristics......Page 163
Synapsid Lineage......Page 164
Pelycosaurs and Therapsids......Page 166
The First Mammals......Page 175
Cenozoic Mammals and Mammalian Radiation......Page 183
Anatomical Trends in Organization from Mammal-Like Amniotes to Mammals......Page 185
Characteristics of Modern Mammals......Page 191
Dentition......Page 192
Summary......Page 200
Suggested Readings......Page 201
Discussion Questions......Page 202
Chapter 6 Biogeography......Page 204
Global Provincialism of Mammal Distributions......Page 207
Historical Biogeography......Page 212
Ecological Biogeography......Page 242
Summary......Page 252
Suggested Readings......Page 256
Discussion Questions......Page 257
PART 2 Structure and Function......Page 258
Chapter 7 Integument, Support, and Movement......Page 260
Integument......Page 261
Basic Skeletal Patterns......Page 277
Muscles......Page 284
Modes of Locomotion......Page 285
Summary......Page 301
Suggested Readings......Page 303
Discussion Questions......Page 304
Chapter 8 Modes of Feeding......Page 306
Foods and Feeding......Page 307
Foraging Strategies......Page 357
Summary......Page 365
Suggested Readings......Page 368
Discussion Questions......Page 369
Chapter 9 Control Systems and Biological Rhythms......Page 371
Nervous System......Page 372
Endocrine System......Page 383
Immune System......Page 386
Integration of Control Systems......Page 388
Biological Rhythms......Page 390
Summary......Page 399
Discussion Questions......Page 400
Chapter 10 Environmental Adaptations......Page 402
Heat Transfer and Temperature Regulation......Page 404
Adaptations to Cold......Page 406
Avoidance and Resistance......Page 409
Adaptations to Heat......Page 452
Summary......Page 484
Suggested Readings......Page 486
Discussion Questions......Page 487
Chapter 11 Reproduction......Page 489
The Reproductive Systems......Page 492
Gestation and Parturition......Page 516
Reproductive Variations......Page 520
Parturition......Page 527
Lactation......Page 528
Summary......Page 533
Suggested Readings......Page 536
Discussion Questions......Page 537
PART 3 Adaptive Radiation and Diversity......Page 538
Chapter 12 Monotremes and Marsupials......Page 545
Monotremata......Page 546
Marsupials......Page 555
Summary......Page 607
Suggested Readings......Page 608
Discussion Questions......Page 609
Chapter 13 Tenrecoidea, Macroscelidea, Scandentia, Dermoptera, Solenodonta, Soricomorpha, and Erinaceomorpha......Page 610
Morphology......Page 611
Orders and Families......Page 613
Summary......Page 647
Suggested Readings......Page 648
Discussion Questions......Page 649
Chapter 14 Chiroptera......Page 650
Suborders and Superfamilies......Page 652
Morphology......Page 653
Fossil History......Page 669
Economics and Conservation......Page 671
Suborder Yinpterochiroptera......Page 673
Suborder Yangochiroptera......Page 684
Summary......Page 707
Discussion Questions......Page 708
Chapter 15 Primates......Page 710
Ordinal Characteristics......Page 712
Morphology......Page 714
Fossil History......Page 716
Economics and Conservation......Page 719
Suborder Strepsirrhini......Page 722
Suborder Haplorrhini......Page 738
Summary......Page 761
Suggested Readings......Page 762
Discussion Questions......Page 763
Chapter 16 Pilosa and Cingulata (Xenarthrans), Pholidota, and Tubulidentata......Page 765
Superorder Xenarthra......Page 766
Order Pholidota......Page 784
Order Tubulidentata......Page 788
Suggested Readings......Page 791
Discussion Questions......Page 792
Chapter 17 Carnivora......Page 793
Morphology......Page 797
Fossil History......Page 803
Economics and Conservation......Page 805
Suborders and Families......Page 806
Summary......Page 838
Discussion Questions......Page 840
Chapter 18 Rodentia and Lagomorpha......Page 842
Rodentia......Page 843
Lagomorpha......Page 894
Suggested Readings......Page 903
Discussion Questions......Page 904
Chapter 19 Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, and Sirenia......Page 906
Proboscidea......Page 907
Hyracoidea......Page 920
Sirenia......Page 927
Suggested Readings......Page 937
Discussion Questions......Page 938
Chapter 20 Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla......Page 939
Perissodactyla......Page 941
Artiodactyla......Page 955
Summary......Page 991
Suggested Readings......Page 992
Discussion Questions......Page 993
Chapter 21 Cetacea......Page 995
Morphology......Page 997
Fossil History......Page 1014
Economics and Conservation......Page 1016
Parvorders and Families......Page 1019
Summary......Page 1040
Suggested Readings......Page 1042
Discussion Questions......Page 1043
PART 4 Behavior and Ecology......Page 1044
Chapter 22 Communication, Aggression, and Spatial Relations......Page 1045
Communication......Page 1046
Aggression and Competition......Page 1068
Spatial Relations......Page 1069
Summary......Page 1077
Suggested Readings......Page 1078
Discussion Questions......Page 1079
Chapter 23 Sexual Selection, Parental Care, and Mating Systems......Page 1080
Anisogamy and the Bateman Gradient......Page 1081
Sex Ratio......Page 1083
Sexual Selection......Page 1087
Parental Investment......Page 1095
Parent-Offspring Conflict......Page 1101
Mating Systems......Page 1104
Summary......Page 1110
Discussion Questions......Page 1112
Chapter 24 Social Behavior......Page 1114
Examples of Cooperative Social Behavior......Page 1115
Why Mammals Live in Groups......Page 1121
How Social Behavior Evolves......Page 1126
Summary......Page 1144
Suggested Readings......Page 1145
Discussion Questions......Page 1146
Chapter 25 Dispersal, Habitat Selection, and Migration......Page 1147
Dispersal from the Place of Birth......Page 1148
Habitat Selection......Page 1155
Migration......Page 1165
Homing......Page 1171
Suggested Readings......Page 1178
Discussion Questions......Page 1179
Chapter 26 Populations and Life History......Page 1181
Population Processes......Page 1182
Life-History Traits......Page 1190
Population Growth and Equilibrium......Page 1198
Summary......Page 1219
Suggested Readings......Page 1220
Discussion Questions......Page 1221
Chapter 27 Community Ecology......Page 1223
The Ecological Niche......Page 1224
Species Interactions and Community Structure......Page 1225
Community Function......Page 1249
Community Patterns......Page 1253
Summary......Page 1262
Discussion Questions......Page 1264
PART 5 Special Topics......Page 1266
Chapter 28 Parasites and Diseases......Page 1267
Parasite Collection......Page 1269
Effects of Parasites on Host Populations......Page 1270
Coevolution of Parasites and Mammalian Hosts......Page 1273
Mammalian Parasites and Diseases......Page 1276
Vector-Borne Zoonoses......Page 1289
Nonvector Zoonoses......Page 1297
Summary......Page 1304
Suggested Readings......Page 1305
Discussion Questions......Page 1306
Chapter 29 Domestication and Domesticated Mammals......Page 1308
Why Domesticate Mammals?......Page 1309
How Domestication Began......Page 1311
Shared Behavioral and Physiological Characteristics......Page 1312
Mammals That Have Been Domesticated......Page 1314
Morphological Effects of Domestication......Page 1329
Domestication: Evolutionary Process or Human Artifact?......Page 1331
Current Initiatives......Page 1332
Summary......Page 1333
Discussion Questions......Page 1335
Chapter 30 Conservation......Page 1336
Nature of the Problem......Page 1338
Solutions to Conservation Problems......Page 1364
Case Studies......Page 1370
Summary......Page 1376
Discussion Questions......Page 1378
Glossary......Page 1380
References......Page 1434
Credits......Page 1725
Index......Page 1733