Making India Disaster Resilient: Challenges and Future Perspectives

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 An Introduction to Disaster Management: Evidences from India
	Making India Disaster Resilient: Challenges and Future Perspectives
	Values of Case Study Method
	Advantages of Case Study Method
	Disadvantages of the Case Study Method
	References
Part I Flood
2 Urban Flooding as an Emerging Challenge: Evidences from Chennai City
	Introduction
	Study Area
	Objective
	Methodology and Database
	Analysis and Discussion
		Factors Responsible for Heavy Rainfall
		Conditions of Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA)
	Economic Loss Due to Natural Disasters
	Socio-Economic Loss
	Role of Government
	Suggestions and Recommendations
	Conclusion
	References
3 Understanding Flood Risk and Livelihood Resilience in Begusarai
	Introduction
	Objective
	Study Area
	Data Source
	Methodology
	Results and Discussion
	Livelihood Activitities in the Flood Affected Region
	Conlusion
	References
4 Recent Disasters in Kerala: Evidences from the Field
	Introduction
	Literature Review
		Objectives
	Study Area
		Location and Study Area
	Database and Methodology
	Results and Discussion
		Demographic Vulnerability
		Socio-cultural Vulnerability
		Economic Vulnerability
		Conclusion
	References
5 Floodplain Mapping Using HECRAS Model and Geospatial techniques—A Case Study of Varanasi City
	Introduction
	Need of Study
	Flood Risk Mapping and Floodplain Mapping Using Geospatial Techniques
		Types of River Models
		HEC-RAS
	Study Area
	Data
	Methodology
		Entering Boundary Conditions
	Results
	Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Part II Climate Change and Land Use
6 Contending Global Warming by Popularising Environment-Friendly-Fuel Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
	Introduction
	Significance of the Study
	Review of Literature
	Objectives of the Study
	Hypothesis of the Study
	Research Methodology
	Findings of the Case Studies
		Case Study 1: Public Transport Buses Switched to CNG in Delhi
		Case Study 2: Maruti Udyog Limited—CNG Models
		Case Study 3: CNG Kit Market
	Analysis of Data Collected from Households
		Number of Users and Non-users
		Factors Motivating Switch to CNG Private Vehicles
		Factors Preventing Use of CNG in Private Vehicles
		Difference of Opinions of Users and Non-Users of CNG in Private Vehicles
	Conclusions of the Study
	Social Marketing Implications to Popularize CNG in Private Vehicles
	References
7 Increasing Vulnerability of Arabian Sea Towards Cyclonic Storms
	Introduction
	Secondary Data
	Methodology (Fig. 7.1)
		Cyclones in India
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
8 Mapping Agricultural Drought Vulnerability at a Regional Level Using GIS—A Case Study
	Introduction
	Objectives
	Study Area
	Methodology
	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
	Land Surface Temperature (LST)
	Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)
	Land Use Land Cover Mapping
	Analysis and Discussions
	Validation from the Field Data
	Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Part III Fire/Smog
9 HRVC Assessment of Urban Fire Hazard: A Case Study of Malviya Nagar, Delhi
	Introduction
	Methodology
	Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis (HRVC)
	Analysis of Past Fire Incidents in Delhi
	Density of Population in Delhi
	Built-Up Expansion in Delhi
	Case Study of Malviya Nagar, New Delhi
	Urban Fire Management
	Conclusion
	References
10 Forest Fire Severity Mapping Using Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of a Part of Bandipur Reserve Forest, India
	Introduction
	Study Area
	Image Pre-processing
	Spectral Indices
	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Calculation
	Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) Calculation
	Burn Severity
	Differential Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI)
		Reclassification of the Maps
		Weighted Overlay Analysis
		Validation of the Hotspot Area
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
11 Fire Hazards in Anaj Mandi (Grain Market), Old Delhi: Vulnerability and Resilience
	Introduction and Literature Review
	Data Sources and Methodology
	Study Area
	Analysis
		Profile of Fire in Delhi and Anaj Mandi and Why Is It Vulnerable?
		Why Delhi and Anaj Mandi is Vulnerable to Fire?
		Lack of Public Information
	Results
		Anaj Mandi Fire
		Disastrous Devil of December
	Discussion
		Developer and Decorator of Anaj Mandi Fire
		Models to Make Anaj Mandi and Delhi Fire Resilient
		Development Cycle (A4 Phase)-Based Model
		Ante Phase
		Amid Phase
		Annexation Phase
		Awakening Phase
		Community-Based Model to Make Anaj Mandi Fire Resilient
		Stages of Community-Based Model to Deal with Fire Disaster in Anaj Mandi (Fig. 11.6) Fire Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of Anaj Mandi
		Plan to Reduce Fire Risk
		Development of Early Warning System
		Development of a Response Team to Deal Disaster in the Ante, Amid and Action Phase
		Relief, Rehabilitation and Re-evaluation System
		Individual-Based Model
	Conclusion
	References
12 Assessment of Fire Disaster Risk Reduction in Higher Educational Institutions in Delhi
	Introduction
	Study Area
	Database and Research Methodology
	Results and Discussion
		Adopted Fire Safety Measures
		Types of Safety Measures Available in the in College
		Potential Causes of Fire Outbreak
		Fastest Way to Evacuate Students and Staff in a High Rise
		Time Taken to Escape to a Place of Safety During Fire
		Are All Escape Routes Easily Identifiable, Free from Any Obstruction?
		Sufficient Extinguishers Sited Throughout College Campus
		Fire Hazard Prone Area/Vulnerable Area
		Are the Right Type of Extinguishers Located Close to the Fire Hazards and Can Users Gain Access to Them Without Exposing Themselves to Risk?
		Emergency Plan or Disaster Cell in College
		Emergency Contact Numbers
	Preparedness Plan
	Conclusions
	References
Part IV Earthquake and Other Related Hazards
13 Earthquake Awareness and Preparedness Survey of Yamuna River and Surrounding Region of Delhi
	Introduction
	Site and Situation of the City
	Research Problem/Hypothesis/Objectives
		Aims and Objectives
		Data Sources and Research Methodology
		Methodology—Techniques/Sampling/Tools/Materials
	Result and Discussion
		Geology of Delhi
		Seismicity in Delhi
		Results and Analysis of Field Survey
		Innovation Shown by the Project
	Conclusion and Future Direction
	References
14 Mapping Fire, Earthquake and Bio-hazard in Delhi: A Micro-level Study
	Introduction
	Objectives
	Database and Methodology
		Database
		Methodology
	Literature Review
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
15 Surface Deformation Modelling Using C-Band SAR Data—A Case Study on Shimla Town, Himachal Pradesh, India
	Introduction
		Objectives
	Study Area
		Data Used and Methodology Data Used
		Methodology
		Results and Discussion
		Ground Uplift in the Study Area
	Conclusion
	References
Part V Disaster and Gender
16 Gendered Spaces, Climate Change and Resilience in a Squatter Slum of Global South
	Introduction
	The Terminology
	Conceptual Framework
	Aim and Objectives of Study
	Study Area
	Methodology
		Gendering of Spaces
		Gender and Climate Risk
		Climate-Induced Risks in the Study Area
	Literature Review
	Findings
		Gendering of Spaces in Bela Gaon
	Space Usage in a Prosperous Family Dwelling Set
		Women and Domestic Space in a High-Income Household
		Women and Parochial Space in a Low-Income Household
		Public Space
	Space Usage in a Low-Income Family Dwelling
		Domestic Space Use in Low-Income Households
		Parochial Space in Low-Income Households
	Analysis
		Gendered Spaces and Climate Resilience
		Women and Adaptation to Climate Change
	Conclusions
	References
Part VI Human Aspects: Impact, Vulnerability and Governance
17 Community Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction: A Case Study of Chamoli District, Uttarakhand
	Introduction
	Study Area
	Data and Methodology
	Phase I: Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment
	Phase II: Preparedness and Management Plan
	Finding and Discussion
		Hazards Assessment
		Assessing Vulnerabilities
		Capacity Assessment
		Risk Assessment
		Disaster Mitigation Plan
	Disaster Preparedness
	Recommendation
	Conclusion
	References
18 Regulatory Framework for Regional Cooperation on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in India and Globe
	Introduction: Conceptualising the Concept
	Analysis of Legislative and Institutional Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: Is South Asia Prepared?
	Laws and Policies Regulating Disaster Management in Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
	Laws and Policies Regulating Disaster Management in People’s Republic of Bangladesh
	Laws and Policies Regulating Disaster Management in Kingdom of Bhutan
	Laws and Policies Regulating Disaster Management in Republic of Maldives
	Laws and Policies Regulating Disaster Management in Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
	Laws and Policies Regulating Disaster Management in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
	Laws and Policies Regulating Disaster Management in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
	Laws and Policies Regulating Disaster Management in Republic of India
	Diverse Regional Models for Disaster Risk Reduction: Mapping a Comparison
		African Union (AU)
		Organisation of American States (OAS)
		European Union (EU)
		Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
	Synergy in SAARC for Disaster Risk Reduction: Issues and Challenges
	Resilient SAARC for Disaster Risk Reduction: Conclusion and Way Forward
Part VII Summary
19 Summary and Concluding Remarks