Magnetic actuators and sensors

 Content: PREFACE xi    PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xiii    LIST OF 66 EXAMPLES xv    PART I MAGNETICS 1    1 Introduction 3   1.1 Overview of Magnetic Actuators 3  1.2 Overview of Magnetic Sensors 4  1.3 Actuators and Sensors in Motion Control Systems 5  1.4 Magnetic Actuators and Sensors in Mechatronics 7  References 8   2 Basic Electromagnetics 9   2.1 Vectors 9  2.2 Ampere's Law 14  2.3 Magnetic Materials 17  2.4 Faraday's Law 22  2.5 Potentials 25  2.6 Maxwell's Equations 28  Problems 29  References 31   3 Reluctance Method 33   3.1 Simplifying Ampere's Law 33  3.2 Applications 37  3.3 Fringing Flux 40  3.4 Complex Reluctance 41  3.5 Limitations 41  Problems 42  References 42   4 Finite-Element Method 43   4.1 Energy Conservation and Functional Minimization 43  4.2 Triangular Elements for Magnetostatics 45  4.3 Matrix Equation 46  4.4 Finite-Element Models 49  Problems 53  References 53   5 Magnetic Force 55   5.1 Magnetic Flux Line Plots 55  5.2 Magnetic Energy 60  5.3 Magnetic Force on Steel 61  5.4 Magnetic Pressure on Steel 65  5.5 Lorentz Force 66  5.6 Permanent Magnets 67  5.7 Magnetic Torque 72  5.8 Magnetic Volume Forces on Permeable Particles 73  Problems 75  References 76   6 Other Magnetic Performance Parameters 79   6.1 Magnetic Flux and Flux Linkage 79  6.2 Inductance 82  6.3 Capacitance 86  6.4 Impedance 88  Problems 91  References 91   PART II ACTUATORS 93    7 Magnetic Actuators Operated by DC 95   7.1 Solenoid Actuators 95  7.2 Voice Coil Actuators 106  7.3 Other Actuators Using Coils and Permanent Magnets 108  7.4 Proportional Actuators 109  7.5 Rotary Actuators 112  7.6 Magnetic Bearings and Couplings 114  7.7 Magnetic Separators 117  Problems 125  References 127   8 Magnetic Actuators Operated by AC 129   8.1 Skin Depth 129  8.2 Power Losses in Steel 130  8.3 Force Pulsations 135  8.4 Cuts in Steel 139  References 145   9 Magnetic Actuator Transient Operation 147   9.1 Basic Timeline 147  9.2 Size, Force, and Acceleration 148  9.3 Linear Magnetic Diffusion Times 150  9.4 Nonlinear Magnetic Infusion Times 156  9.5 Nonlinear Magnetic Effusion Time 164  9.6 Pulse Response of Nonlinear Steel 169  Problems 171  References 174   PART III SENSORS 175    10 Hall Effect and Magnetoresistive Sensors 177   10.1 Simple Hall Voltage Equation 177  10.2 Hall Effect Conductivity Tensor 179  10.3 Finite-Element Computation of Hall Fields 182  10.4 Hall Sensors for Position or Current 190  10.5 Magnetoresistance 193  10.6 Magnetoresistive Heads for Hard Disk Drives 194  10.7 Giant Magnetoresistive Spin Valve Sensors 195  Problems 198  References 198   11 Other Magnetic Sensors 201   11.1 Speed Sensors Based on Faraday's Law 201  11.2 Inductive Recording Heads 203  11.3 Proximity Sensors Using Impedance 206  11.4 Linear Variable Differential Transformers 210  11.5 Magnetostrictive Sensors 213  11.6 Fluxgate Sensors 215  11.7 Chattock Coil Field and Current Sensor 219  11.8 Squid Magnetometers 222  11.9 Magnetoimpedance and Miniature Sensors 223  11.10 MEMS Sensors 224  Problems 225  References 226   PART IV SYSTEMS 229    12 Coil Design and Temperature Calculations 231   12.1 Wire Size Determination for DC Currents 231  12.2 Coil Time Constant and Impedance 234  12.3 Skin Effects and Proximity Effects for AC Currents 235  12.4 Finite-Element Computation Of Temperatures 239  Problems 246  References 246   13 Electromagnetic Compatibility 249   13.1 Signal-To-Noise Ratio 249  13.2 Shields and Apertures 250  13.3 Test Chambers 255  Problems 260  References 260   14 Electromechanical Finite Elements 263   14.1 Electromagnetic Finite-Element Matrix Equation 263  14.2 0D and 1D Finite Elements for Coupling Electric Circuits 266  14.3 Structural Finite-Element Matrix Equation 272  14.4 Force and Motion Computation by Time Stepping 273  14.5 Typical Electromechanical Applications 275  Problems 286  References 286   15 Electromechanical Analysis Using Systems Models 289   15.1 Electric Circuit Models of Magnetic Devices 289  15.2 VHDL--AMS/Simplorer Models 296  15.3 MATLAB/Simulink Models 301  15.4 Including Eddy Current Diffusion Using a Resistor 307  15.5 Magnetic Actuator Systems for 2D Planar Motion 312  15.6 Optimizing Magnetic Actuator Systems 313  Problems 324  References 325   16 Coupled Electrohydraulic Analysis Using Systems Models 327   16.1 Comparing Hydraulics and Magnetics 327  16.2 Hydraulic Basics and Electrical Analogies 328  16.3 Modeling Hydraulic Circuits in Spice 330  16.4 Electrohydraulic Models in Spice and Simplorer 334  16.5 Hydraulic Valves and Cylinders in Systems Models 341  16.6 Magnetic Diffusion Resistor in Electrohydraulic Models 348  16.7 Optimization of an Electrohydraulic System 352  16.8 Magnetic Actuators for Digital Hydraulics 353  Problems 357  References 357   APPENDIX A: SYMBOLS, DIMENSIONS, AND UNITS 359    APPENDIX B: NONLINEAR B--H CURVES 361    APPENDIX C: FINAL ANSWERS FOR ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS 367    INDEX 371
 Abstract:             
              An accessible, comprehensive guide on magnetic actuators and sensors, this fully updated second edition of  Magnetic Actuators and Sensors  includes the latest advances, numerous worked calculations, illustrations, and real-life applications.                 Read more...