Magnesium-Based Energy Storage Materials and Systems

Cover
Half Title
Magnesium-Based Energy Storage Materials and Systems
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Overview
	1.1 Introduction to Mg‐based Hydrogen and Electric Energy Storage Materials
	1.2 Overview of Mg‐based Hydrogen Storage Materials and Systems
	1.3 Overview of Mg‐ion Batteries
2. Hydrogen Absorption/Desorption in Mg‐based Materials and Their Applications
	2.1 The Characterizations of Mg‐based Hydrogen Storage Materials
		2.1.1 An Introduction to the Crystal Structure of Mg and MgH2
		2.1.2 Thermodynamic Mechanisms for the Hydrogen Absorption/Desorption of Mg/MgH2
		2.1.3 Kinetic Mechanisms for the Hydrogen Absorption/Desorption of Mg/MgH2
	2.2 Methods for Improving the Hydrogen Storage Performance of Mg‐based Materials
		2.2.1 Alloying
		2.2.2 Catalyzing
		2.2.3 Nano‐structuring
		2.2.4 Combining with Complex Hydrides
			2.2.4.1 Combining with Metal Amides
			2.2.4.2 Combining with Metal Boronhydrides or Alanates
	2.3 Synthesis Technologies for Mg‐based Hydrogen Storage Materials
		2.3.1 Preparation Methods of Mg‐based Alloys
			2.3.1.1 Melting‐based Methods
			2.3.1.2 Hydrogen Combustion Synthesis (HCS)
			2.3.1.3 Mechanical Alloying, Compactions and Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) Methods
			2.3.1.4 Hydriding Chemical Vapor Deposition (HCVD)
		2.3.2 Synthesis of Mg‐based Materials with Special Structure and Morphology
			2.3.2.1 Synthesis of Core–Shell Structured Mg‐based Materials
			2.3.2.2 Synthesis of Nanostructured Mg‐based Materials
			2.3.2.3 Synthesis of Amorphous Mg‐based Materials
	2.4 Advanced Characterization Techniques
		2.4.1 Synchrotron Radiation
		2.4.2 In‐situ TEM
		2.4.3 Neutron Diffraction
		2.4.4 Theoretical Simulations
	2.5 Fundamentals and Applications of Mg‐based Hydrogen Storage Tanks
		2.5.1 An Introduction to Mg‐based Hydrogen Storage Tanks
		2.5.2 Numerical Modeling
			2.5.2.1 Heat Transfer Equations
			2.5.2.2 Mass Transfer Equations
		2.5.3 Thermal Enhancement Methods
			2.5.3.1 Powder Compaction
			2.5.3.2 Metal Skeleton
			2.5.3.3 Heat Transfer Pipe
			2.5.3.4 Phase Change Material (PCM)
			2.5.3.5 Thermochemical Material (TCM)
		2.5.4 Practical Applications
3. Hydrolysis of Mg‐based Hydrogen Storage Materials
	3.1 Hydrolysis Processes of Mg/MgH2
	3.2 Control of Hydrolysis Processes
		3.2.1 Modification of Reaction Mediate
			3.2.1.1 Modifying pH Value
			3.2.1.2 Effects from Other Cations and Anions
		3.2.2 Adding Catalytic Additives
			3.2.2.1 Metal Halides
			3.2.2.2 Metal Oxides, Sulfides and Hydrides
			3.2.2.3 Carbon Additives
		3.2.3 Introduction of MgH2 based Nanostructures
		3.2.4 Controlling Hydrolysis Process by Alloying
			3.2.4.1 Alloying with Active Metals
			3.2.4.2 Alloying with Metals with Higher Corrosion Potential
			3.2.4.3 Alloying with Si
	3.3 Controllable Hydrolysis Systems
4. Electrolytes for Mg Batteries
	4.1 Liquid Electrolytes
		4.1.1 Aqueous Liquid Electrolytes
			4.1.1.1 Alkaline Solutions
			4.1.1.2 Neutral Saline Solutions
			4.1.1.3 Seawater and Seawater/Acid Mixed Solutions
		4.1.2 Organic Liquid Electrolytes
			4.1.2.1 Grignard‐based Electrolytes
			4.1.2.2 HMDS‐based Electrolytes
			4.1.2.3 MgCl2–AlCl3 (MACC) Based Electrolytes
			4.1.2.4 Mg(TFSI)2‐based Electrolytes
			4.1.2.5 Boron‐centered Electrolytes
			4.1.2.6 Other Organic Electrolytes
	4.2 Solid and Quasi‐solid State Electrolytes
		4.2.1 Solid‐state Electrolytes
		4.2.2 Quasi‐solid State Electrolytes
5. Cathodes and Anodes for Mg Batteries
	5.1 Intercalation‐type Cathode Materials
		5.1.1 Chevrel Phase, CP (Mo6T8; T = S, Se, Te) Cathode Materials
		5.1.2 V2O5 – Mg2+ Insertion‐Type Cathode Materials
			5.1.2.1 Effect of Morphology on V2O5
			5.1.2.2 Effect of Layer Spacing on V2O5
		5.1.3 Molybdenum Oxide (MoO3) and Uranium Oxide (α‐U3O8) – Mg2+ Insertion‐type Cathode Materials
			5.1.3.1 Molybdenum Oxide (MoO3) Insertion‐type Cathode Materials
			5.1.3.2 Uranium Oxide (α‐U3O8) Insertion‐type Cathode Materials
		5.1.4 Layered Structure Cathode Materials
			5.1.4.1 Layered Oxide Cathode
			5.1.4.2 Layered Sulfides/Selenide Cathode
			5.1.4.3 Other Layered Cathode
		5.1.5 Spinel Structure Cathode Materials
			5.1.5.1 Spinel Oxide Cathode
			5.1.5.2 Spinel Sulfide Cathode
		5.1.6 Olivine Structure Cathode Materials
		5.1.7 NASICON Structure Cathode Materials
		5.1.8 Carbon‐based Materials
		5.1.9 MT2 (M = Metal, T = S, Se) Type Intercalation Cathode Materials
	5.2 Conversion‐type Cathode Materials
		5.2.1 Chalcogenides
		5.2.2 MgO2 Batteries
		5.2.3 MgS Batteries
		5.2.4 MgSe Batteries
		5.2.5 MgTe Batteries
		5.2.6 MgI2 Batteries
	5.3 Organic Cathodes
		5.3.1 Carbonyl Compounds
		5.3.2 Organosulfur Compounds
		5.3.3 Nitrogen‐based Compounds
	5.4 Anodes for Mg Batteries
6. Conclusions and Outlook
List of Abbreviations
References
Index