Machine Intelligence for Internet of Medical Things: Applications and Future Trends

Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
	OBJECTIVE OF THE BOOK
	ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK
List of Contributors
Internet of Medical Things & Machine Intelligence
Health Services and Applications Powered by the Internet of Medical Things
	Briska Jifrina Premnath1 and Namasivayam Nalini1,*
	INTRODUCTION
	CONCEPT FOR INTERNET-OF-THINGS-BASED HEALTHCARE
	TECHNOLOGIES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICE
		Cloud Computing
		Grid Computing
		Big Data
		Networks
		Ambient Intelligence
		Augmented Reality
		Wearable
	IOT\'S HEALTHCARE BENEFITS
	DIFFICULTIES IN IOMT
		Confidentiality and Security of Data
		Data Management
		Scalability, Optimization, Regulation, and Standardization
		Interoperability
		Business Viability
		Power Consumption
		Environmental Consequences
	SECURITY FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS IN HEALTHCARE
		Security Prerequisites
		Security Challenges Memory Limitations
		A Threat Model
		Attack Types
		Security Model Proposal
	IOMT APPLICATIONS
		Medical-Smart Technology
		Ingestible Cameras
		Monitoring of Patients in Real-Time is Number (RTPM)
		System for Monitoring Cardiovascular Health
		Skin Condition Monitoring Systems
		Use of an IoMT Device as a Movement Detector
		Wearable Sensors for Monitoring your Health from Afar
	IOMT\'S PART IN COVID-19
		Technologies Collaborated with IoMT to Develop a Smart Healthcare System at COVID-19
		Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR)
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
An Approach to the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT): IoMT-Enabled Devices, Issues, andChallenges in Cybersecurity
Internet of Medical Things in Cloud Edge Computing
	G. Sumathi1,*, S. Rajesh2, R. Ananthakumar2 and K. Kartheeban2
	INTRODUCTION
	MEDICAL INTERNET OF THINGS
	IOMT ARCHITECTURE
	IOMT TECHNOLOGIES
		Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
		Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
	MIDDLEWARE
	IOMT APPLICATIONS
	IOMT IN CLOUD
	IOMT CLOUD ARCHITECTURE
	HEALTHCARE SERVICE LAYER
	SERVICE-MANAGEMENT-LAYER
	USER LAYER
	IOMT CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES
		Cloud Computing
		Big Data
		Artificial Intelligence (AI)
	IOMT CLOUD APPLICATIONS
	IOMT EDGE CLOUD
	IOMT EDGE-CLOUD ARCHITECTURE
	IOMT EDGE CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES
		Edge Computing
		Computational Offload
	IOMT EDGE CLOUD APPLICATIONS
	CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Survey of IoMT Interference Mitigation Techniques for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)
	Izaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Abul Hassan1,*, Inam Ullah Khan2 and Farhatullah3
	INTRODUCTION
		Difference Between WBAN vs. WSN Concerning IoMT
		Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
	WBAN ARCHITECTURE
	WBAN APPLICATIONS
		Rehabilitation and Therapy
		Wearable Health Monitoring System
		Disaster Aid Network
	TECHNOLOGIES
		Bluetooth
		Low Energy Bluetooth
		ZigBee
	IEEE 802.11
	IEEE 802.15.4
	IEEE 802.15.6
	TECHNIQUES AND COMPARISON
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Artificial Intelligence-Based IoT Applications in Future Pandemics
	Tarun Virmani1,*, Anjali Sharma2, Ashwani Sharma3, Girish Kumar3 and Meenu Bhati3
	INTRODUCTION
	IOT AND AI IN HEALTH CARE
	IOT AND AI: APPLICATIONS
	AI AND IOT-ENABLED REMOTE SCREENING
		Patients and IoT
		IoT for Doctors
		IoT in Hospitals
		Diagnosis
	MONITORING AND CONTROL OF EPIDEMIC VIA ML-BASED IOT
		Drug Discovery and Vaccine Research
		Applicability of AI-Enabled System
	FUTURE PANDEMIC PREDICTION
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Cyber Secure AIoT Applications in Future Pandemics
	Maria Nawaz Chohan1,* and Sana Nawaz Chohan2
	INTRODUCTION
	LITERATURE STUDY
	ARTIFICIAL INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATIONS FOR HEALTHCARE
		H-AIoT Based Hardware
		H-AIoT Based Software
		Communication/Routing Protocols
		UAV’s/Drones in the Healthcare Industry
		Wearable AI-IoT Sensors
		AI-IoT-Based Monitoring System
		Detection of Cyber-Attacks in IoMT
		Machine Learning Techniques for COVID-19
		Industry 5.0 for Smart Healthcare Systems
		Industry 5.0 Related Challenges
		Using Flying Vehicles in Health Industry
		Future Challenges
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Machine Learning Solution for Orthopedics: A Comprehensive Review
	Muhammad Imad1,*, Muhammad Abul Hassan1, Shah Hussain Bangash1 and Naimullah1
	INTRODUCTION
	LITERATURE REVIEW
	METHODOLOGY
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
A Review of Machine Learning Approaches for Identification of Health-Related Diseases
	Muhammad Yaseen Ayub1,*, Farman Ali Khan1, Syeda Zillay Nain Zukhraf2 and Muhammad Hamza Akhlaq3
	INTRODUCTION
		Supervised Learning
		Unsupervised Learning
	MOTIVATION
	LITERATURE STUDY
		Heart Diseases Detection
		Lung Diseases Detection
		Skin Disease Detection
		Brain Diseases Detection
		Liver Diseases Detection
	ALGORITHMS EXPLOITED FOR VARIOUS DISEASES DETECTION
	TOOLS AND LIBRARIES USED FOR DISEASE DETECTION
	CONCLUSION AND FUTURE TRENDS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Machine Learning in Detection of Disease: Solutions and Open Challenges
	Tayyab Rehman1, Noshina Tariq1, Ahthasham Sajid2,* and Muhammad Hamza Akhlaq3
	INTRODUCTION
	MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES
		Supervised Learning (SL)
		Unsupervised Learning
		Reinforcement Learning (RL)
		Data Mining (DM)
	DETECTION OF DISEASE BY USING DIFFERENT MACHINE-LEARNING CLASSIFICATION
	CHRONIC DISEASE: DETECTION OF HEART DISEASE
		Naive Bayes (NB)
		Decision Tree (DT)
		K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN)
		Issues and Challenges
	CHRONIC DISEASE: DETECTION OF DISEASE BREAST CANCER
		CAD System
		Deep Learning
		Machine-Learning Techniques
		Convolutional Neural Network Model (CNN)
		Issues and Challenges
	CHRONIC DISEASE: DETECTION OF DISEASE DIABETES
		Logistic Regression (LR)
		Random Forest Classifier (RFC)
		Gradient Boosted Trees (GBT)
		Weighted Ensemble Model (WEM)
		Issues and Challenges
	CHRONIC DISEASE: DETECTION OF LIVER DISEASE
		Data Selection and Pre-Processing
		Feature Selection
		Classification Algorithm
		Supervised Learning and Unsupervised Learning
		Performance Metrics Analysis
		Predicted Results
		Issues and Challenges
	SEASONAL DISEASE: DETECTION OF DENGUE DISEASE
		Issues and Challenges
	SEASONAL DISEASE: DETECTION OF COVID-19 DISEASE
		Issues and Challenges
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Breakthrough in Management of Cardiovascular Diseases by Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Settings
	Lakshmi Narasimha Gunturu1,*, Girirajasekhar Dornadula2 and Raghavendra Naveen Nimbagal3
	INTRODUCTION
	MATERIALS AND METHODS
	ALGORITHMS USED IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
		K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN)
		Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
		Decision Tree (DT)
		Logistic Regression (LR)
		AdaBoost (AB)
		Support Vector Machine (SVM)
	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
		Impact of AI on Echocardiography (ECG)
		Role of AI on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
		Use of AI on Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT)
		Impact of AI on Electrocardiography
	CHALLENGES
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Smart Cane: Obstacle Recognition for Visually Impaired People Based on Convolutional Neural Network
	Adnan Hussain1, Bilal Ahmad1 and Muhammad Imad2,*
	INTRODUCTION
	LITERATURE STUDY
	MATERIALS AND METHODS
		Dataset Description
		Methods
		Ultrasonic Sensors
		Visual Sensor
		Buzzer Sensor
		Jumper Wires
		Breadboard
		Bus Strip
		Socket Strip
		Power Bank
		Earphone/Speaker
		Traditional Cane
		Smart/Modern Cane
		Proposed Device Architecture
		Deep Convolutional Neural Network
	EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ANALYSIS
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
A Survey on Brain-Computer Interface and Related Applications
	Krishna Pai1,*, Rakhee Kallimani1, Sridhar Iyer1, B. Uma Maheswari2, Rajashri Khanai1 and Dattaprasad Torse2
	INTRODUCTION
	RELATED WORKS
	APPLICATIONS OF BCI
	ISSUES AND CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		Neuro-Psycho-Physiological Issues
		Technical Issues
		Ethical Issues
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Data Augmentation with Image Fusion Techniques for Brain Tumor Classification using Deep Learning
	Tarik Hajji1,*, Ibtissam Elhassani1, Tawfik Masrour1, Imane Tailouloute1 and Mouad Dourhmi1
	INTRODUCTION
	BACKGROUND
		Deep Learning
		Data Augmentation
		Image Fusion
		Related Work
	METHODOLOGY
		Dataset
		Deep Learning Approach with Classical Data Augmentation
		Data Pre-Processing for the Model
		Generation of many Manipulated Images from a Directory
		Design of the Model Architecture
			Convolution Layer
			Pooling Layer
			Flatten Layer
			Dense Layer
		Learning and Same Parameters
		Data Augmentation: A Comparative Study
		Data Augmentation with Image Fusion
		Auto-Encoder Architecture
	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
		CNN Result without Data Augmentation
		CNN Result with Data Augmentation Automatic Generator
		CNN Result-Based DA using IF with BWT
		CNN Result-Based DA using IF with Auto-Encoder Proposed Approach
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Convergence Towards Blockchain-Based Patient Health Record and Sharing System: Emerging Issues and Challenges
	Mahendra Kumar Shrivas1,*, Ashok Bhansali1, Hoshang Kolivand2 and Kamal Kant Hiran3
	INTRODUCTION
	METHODOLOGY
	THE HEALTHCARE DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HDMS) OR HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEM (HIS)
		Evolution of the Health Data Management System (HDMS)/ Health Information System (HIS)
		Current Status, Issues, and Challenges
			Huge Data Volume and Velocity and Paper-Based Record Keeping
			Interoperability and Data Sharing
			Data Governance, Manipulation, Privacy and Security Threats
	BLOCKCHAIN FUNDAMENTALS, CONCEPTS, AND FEATURES
		Blockchain Categorization
		Evolution of Blockchain Technology
		Transaction in Blockchain Network
	HEALTHCARE AND BLOCKCHAIN
		Blockchain-Based Systems Models for the HDMS/HIS
		How Does Blockchain Address Security, Consensus, and Data Manipulation Issues?
		How Does Blockchain Address Privacy Issues?
		Preventing PHR, EMR Manipulation, and Sharing Records Securely using Blockchain
	ISSUES, CHALLENGES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATON
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
	REFERENCES
Subject Index