Machine Devices and Components Illustrated Sourcebook

Front Matter......Page 1
Preface......Page 4
Introduction......Page 6
Index......Page 0
Table of Contents......Page 8
Section 1. Ingenious Mechanisms......Page 14
1.1 Modified Geneva Drives and Special Mechanisms......Page 15
1.2 Overriding Spring Mechanisms for Low-torque Drives......Page 17
1.3 10 Ways to Amplify Mechanical Movements......Page 19
1.4 10 Ways to Amplify Mechanical Action......Page 21
1.5 How to Damp Axial and Rotational Motion......Page 23
1.6 Make Diaphragms Work for You......Page 25
1.7 4 Ways to Eliminate Backlash......Page 27
1.8 4 More Ways to Prevent Backlash......Page 29
1.9 Limit-switch Backlash......Page 31
Section 2. Creative Assemblies......Page 32
2.1 Rotary Piston Engine......Page 33
2.2 Milk Transfer System......Page 34
2.3 Hydraulic Motor......Page 35
2.4 Slash Errors with Sensitive Balance......Page 36
2.5 Control-locked Thwart Vibration and Shock......Page 37
2.6 1-way Output from Speed Reducers......Page 39
2.7 Torque-limiters Protect Light-duty Drives......Page 41
2.8 6 Ways to Prevent Overloading......Page 43
2.9 7 More Ways to Prevent Overloading......Page 45
2.10 7 Ways to Limit Shaft Rotation......Page 47
2.11 Devices for Indexing or Holding Mechanical Movements......Page 49
2.12 Saw-matic Mechanism......Page 50
2.13 Piping Assembly for Sewage Lift Station Control Vault......Page 51
2.14 Water Bike......Page 52
Section 3. Linkages......Page 53
3.1 8 Basic Push-pull Linkages......Page 54
3.2 5 Linkages for Straight-line Motion......Page 56
3.3 10 Ways to Change Straight-line Direction......Page 58
3.4 9 More Ways to Change Straight-line Direction......Page 60
3.5 Linkage for Accelerating and Decelerating Linear Strokes......Page 62
3.6 Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions......Page 64
3.7 Seven Popular Types of Three-dimensional Drives......Page 66
3.8 Power Thrust Linkages and Their Applications......Page 70
3.9 Toggle Linkage Applications in Different Mechanisms......Page 72
3.10 Four-bar Linkages and Typical Industrial Applications......Page 74
Section 4. Connections......Page 76
4.1 14 Ways to Fasten Hubs to Shafts......Page 77
4.2 Attaching Hubless Gears to Shafts......Page 79
4.3 10 Different Types of Splined Connections......Page 81
4.4 Alternates for Doweled Fasteners......Page 83
4.5 6 More Alternates for Doweled Fastenings......Page 85
4.6 29 Ways to Fasten Springs......Page 87
4.7 20 Tamper-proof Fasteners......Page 91
4.8 Lanced Metal Eliminates Separate Fasteners......Page 93
4.9 Joining Circular Parts without Fasteners......Page 95
Section 5. Locking Devices & Methods......Page 97
5.1 Friction Clamping Devices......Page 98
5.2 Retaining and Locking Detents......Page 100
5.3 How Spring Clamps Hold Workpieces......Page 102
5.4 Holding Fixture for Workpiece......Page 104
5.5 15 Ways to Fasten Gears to Shafts......Page 105
5.6 8 Control Mountings......Page 110
5.7 8 Interlocking Sheetmetal Fasteners......Page 112
5.8 Fastening Sheet-metal Parts by Tongues, Snaps, or Clinching......Page 114
5.9 Snap Fasteners for Polyethylene......Page 116
5.10 Snap Fasteners for Polystyrene......Page 118
Section 6. Gears & Gearing......Page 120
6.1 Nomenclature of Gears......Page 121
6.2 Graphical Representation of Gear Dimensions......Page 123
6.3 Worksheet Streamlines Bevel-gear Calculations......Page 125
6.4 Alignment Chart for Face Gears......Page 127
6.5 Power Capacity of Spur Gears......Page 129
6.6 Linear to Angular Conversion of Gear-tooth Index Error......Page 132
6.7 Checklist for Planetary-gear Sets......Page 133
6.8 Epicyclic Gear Trains......Page 135
6.9 Cycloid Gear Mechanisms......Page 137
6.10 Cardan-gear Mechanisms......Page 144
6.11 Typical Methods of Providing Lubrication for Gear Systems......Page 146
Section 7. Clutches......Page 148
7.1 Basic Types of Mechanical Clutches......Page 149
7.2 Construction Details of Overriding Clutches......Page 151
7.3 10 Ways to Apply Overrunning Clutches......Page 153
7.4 Low-cost Designs for Overrunning Clutches......Page 155
7.5 Small Mechanical Clutches for Precise Service......Page 157
7.6 Centrifugal Clutches......Page 159
7.7 Serrated Clutches and Detents......Page 163
7.8 Spring Bands Grip Tightly to Drive Overrunning Clutch......Page 165
7.9 Accurate Solution for Disk-clutch Torque Capacity......Page 166
7.11 Rolling-type Clutch......Page 167
Section 8. Chains, Sprockets & Ratchets......Page 168
8.1 History of Chains......Page 169
8.2 Ingenious Jobs for Roller Chain......Page 171
8.3 Bead Chains for Light Service......Page 175
8.4 Methods for Reducing Pulsations in Chain Drives......Page 177
8.5 Lubrication of Roller Chains......Page 179
8.6 Sheet Metal Gears, Sprockets, Worms & Ratchets......Page 181
8.7 Ratchet Layout Analyzed......Page 183
8.8 No Teeth Ratchets......Page 185
8.9 One-way Drive Chain Solves Problem of Sprocket Skip......Page 187
Section 9. Belts & Belting......Page 188
9.1 Ten Types of Belt Drives......Page 189
9.2 Find the Length of Open and Closed Belts......Page 191
9.3 Getting in Step with Hybrid Belts......Page 193
9.4 Equations for Computing Creep in Belt Drives......Page 197
9.5 Mechanisms for Adjusting Tension of Belt Drives......Page 201
9.6 Leather Belts-hp Loss and Speeds......Page 203
Section 10. Shafts & Couplings......Page 204
10.1 Overview of Shafts & Couplings......Page 205
10.2 Critical Speeds of End Supported Bare Shafts......Page 208
10.3 Shaft Torque: Charts Find Equivalent Sections......Page 209
10.4 Novel Linkage for Coupling Offset Shafts......Page 211
10.5 Coupling of Parallel Shafts......Page 213
10.6 Low-cost Methods of Coupling Small Diameter Shafts......Page 215
10.7 Typical Methods of Coupling Rotating Shafts I......Page 217
10.8 Typical Methods of Coupling Rotating Shafts II......Page 219
10.9 Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings I......Page 221
10.10 Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings II......Page 223
10.11 Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings III......Page 225
10.12 Ten Universal Shaft Couplings......Page 227
10.13 Novel Coupling Shifts Shafts......Page 229
Section 11. Threaded Components......Page 230
11.1 Getting the Most from Screws......Page 231
11.2 20 Dynamic Applications for Screw Threads......Page 233
11.3 16 Ways to Align Sheets and Plates with One Screw......Page 237
11.4 Various Methods of Locking Threaded Members......Page 239
11.5 How to Provide for Backlash in Threaded Parts......Page 241
11.6 7 Special Screw Arrangements......Page 243
11.7 World of Self-locking Screws......Page 245
Section 12. Pins......Page 250
12.1 Slotted Spring Pins Find Many Jobs......Page 251
12.2 8 Unusual Jobs for Spring Pins......Page 253
12.3 8 Electrical Jobs for Spring Pins......Page 255
12.4 8 More Spring Pin Applications......Page 257
12.5 Uses of Split Pins......Page 259
12.6 Design Around Spiral Wrapped Pins......Page 261
12.7 A Penny-wise Connector: the Cotter Pin......Page 263
12.8 Standards of Slotted-type Spring Pins......Page 265
12.9 Standards of Coiled-type Spring Pins......Page 266
12.10 Standards of Grooved Pins......Page 267
12.11 Standards of Round-head Grooved Drive Studs......Page 268
12.12 Standards of Grooved T-head Cotter Pins......Page 269
12.13 Standards of Cotter Pins......Page 270
12.14 Pin and Shaft of Equal Strength......Page 271
Section 13. Springs......Page 272
13.1 12 Ways to Put Springs to Work......Page 273
13.2 Multiple Uses of Coil Springs......Page 275
13.3 Control Depth Primer Tool Employs Coil Springs......Page 277
13.4 One Spring Returns the Hand Lever......Page 279
13.5 6 More One Spring Lever Return Designs......Page 281
13.6 How to Stiffen Bellows with Springs......Page 283
13.7 Springs: How to Design for Variable Rate......Page 285
13.8 Adjustable Extension Springs......Page 287
13.9 Compression Spring Adjustment Methods I......Page 289
13.10 Compression Spring Adjustment Methods II......Page 291
13.11 Flat Springs in Mechanisms......Page 293
13.12 Flat Springs Find More Work......Page 295
13.13 Pneumatic Spring Reinforcement......Page 297
Section 14. Cams......Page 298
14.1 Generating Cam Curves......Page 299
14.2 Cams and Gears Team Up in Programmed Motion......Page 306
14.3 Spherical Cams: Linking Up Shafts......Page 308
14.4 Modifications and Uses for Basic Types of Cams......Page 311
14.5 Nomogram for Parabolic Cam with Radically Moving Follower......Page 313
Section 15. Grommets, Spacers & Inserts......Page 314
15.1 A Fresh Look at Rubber Grommets......Page 315
15.2 These Spacers Are Adjustable......Page 317
15.3 Odd Jobs for Rubber Mushroom Bumpers......Page 319
15.4 Spacers Used in Jigs & Fixtures......Page 321
15.5 Flanged Inserts Stabilize Multi-stroke Reloading Press......Page 322
15.6 Metal Inserts for Plastic Parts......Page 323
15.7 How to Select Threaded Inserts......Page 325
15.8 Applications of Helical Wire Inserts......Page 328
Section 16. Washers......Page 330
16.1 Ideas for Flat Washers......Page 331
16.2 Versatile Flat Washers......Page 333
16.3 Jobs for Flat Rubber Washers......Page 335
16.4 Take Another Look at Serrated Washers......Page 337
16.5 Dished Washers Are Versatile Components......Page 339
16.6 Design Problems Solved with Belleville Spring Washers......Page 341
16.7 Creative Ideas for Cupped Washers......Page 343
16.8 SEM Applications......Page 345
16.9 SEM Standards Tables......Page 346
Section 17. O-rings......Page 349
17.1 8 Unusual Applications for O-rings......Page 350
17.2 16 Unusual Applications for the O-ring......Page 352
17.3 Look at O-rings Differently......Page 354
17.4 O-rings Solve Design Problems I......Page 356
17.5 O-rings Solve Design Problems II......Page 358
17.6 7 More Applications for O-rings......Page 360
17.7 Design Recommendations for O-ring Seals......Page 362
17.8 O-ring Seals for Pump Valves......Page 364
Section 18. Retaining Rings......Page 366
18.1 Comparisons of Retaining Rings versus Typical Fasteners......Page 367
18.2 Retaining Rings Aid Assembly, I......Page 369
18.3 Retaining Rings Aid Assembly, Il......Page 371
18.4 Coupling Shafts with Retaining Rings......Page 373
18.5 The Versatile Retaining Ring......Page 377
18.6 The Multiple-purpose Retaining Ring......Page 381
18.7 More Work for Round Retaining Rings......Page 383
18.8 Deflections of Perpendicularly Loaded Split Circular Rings......Page 385
18.9 Improve Design with Retaining Rings......Page 387
Section 19. Balls......Page 388
19.1 12 Ways to Put Balls to Work......Page 389
19.2 How Soft Balls Can Simplify Design......Page 391
19.3 Rubber Balls Find Many Jobs......Page 393
19.4 Multiple Use of Balls in Milk Transfer System......Page 395
19.5 Use of Balls in Reloading Press......Page 397
19.6 Nine Types of Ball Slides for Linear Motion......Page 399
19.7 Stress on a Bearing Ball......Page 401
19.8 Compact Ball Transfer Units......Page 403
19.9 Classic Uses of Balls in Valves......Page 404
C......Page 406
D......Page 407
G......Page 408
M......Page 409
R......Page 410
S......Page 411
W......Page 412
Section 20. Bushings & Bearings......Page 413
20.1 Going Creative with Flanged Bushings......Page 414
20.2 Seven Creative Ideas for Flanged Rubber Bushings......Page 417
20.3 Rotary-linear Bearings......Page 419
20.4 Unusual Applications of Miniature Bearings......Page 420
20.5 Rolling Contact Bearing Mounting Units......Page 422
20.6 Eleven Ways to Oil Lubricate Ball Bearings......Page 424
20.7 Lubrication of Small Bearings......Page 426
20.8 Cage Keeps Bearings in Line and Lubricated......Page 428