Luminescence: Theory and Applications of Rare Earth Activated Phosphors

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Also of Interest
Luminescence: Theory and Applications of Rare Earth Activated Phosphors
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Preface
Contents
List of Authors
1. Recent Progresses in the Development of Luminescent Lanthanide-Based Hybrid Entities and Their Applications
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Detailed Mechanism of the Energy Transfer Process Ensues in the Lanthanide Complexes
	1.3 Development of Hybrids Using Lanthanide Complexes with Ligands Containing Organically Modified Silica (ORMOSILs) as Precursors
	1.4 Development of Hybrids Using Lanthanide Complexes with Ligands Containing Organically Modified Silica (ORMOSILs) onto Polymer Chains
	1.5 An Exploration of Photofunctional Lanthanide Hybrid Materials for Various Applications
	1.6 Conclusion
	References
2. Lanthanide-Based Molecular Thermometers: An Overview
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Energy Transfer Mechanism
	2.3 Approaches to Measure Temperature
	2.4 Execution of Thermometers
		2.4.1 Relative Thermal Sensitivity
		2.4.2 Temperature Uncertainty (δT)
		2.4.3 Spatial and Temporal Resolution
		2.4.4 Repeatability and Reproducibility
			2.4.4.1 Eu0.0069Tb0.9931-DMBDC
			2.4.4.2 Tb0.9Eu0.1PIA
			2.4.4.3 Tb0.957Eu0.043cpda
			2.4.4.4 Eu0.0618Tb0.9382L
			2.4.4.5 [Eu0.7Tb0.3(D-cam)(Himdc)2(H2O)2]3
			2.4.4.6 Tb0.95Eu0.05HL
			2.4.4.7 Tb0.98Eu0.02-OA-DSTP and Tb0.98Eu0.02-BDC-DSTP
			2.4.4.8 Ad/Tb0.999Eu0.001/BPDC
			2.4.4.9 Tb0.80Eu0.20BPDA
			2.4.4.10 Eu0.0878Tb0.9122L
			2.4.4.11 Eu0.37Tb0.63-BTC-a
			2.4.4.12 TbMOF@3%Eu-tfac and TbMOF@7.3% Eu-tfac
			2.4.4.13 Eu0.058Tb0.942BPT
			2.4.4.14 Eu0.19Tb0.81PDDI
			2.4.4.15 Tb0.95Eu0.05FTPT
			2.4.4.16 Tb0.93Eu0.07-BODSDC
			2.4.4.17 Eu0.015Tb0.985-tatab
			2.4.4.18 Eu0.0316Tb0.9684BTPTA
			2.4.4.19 Tb0.95Eu0.05cpna and Tb0.95Eu0.05bpydc
			2.4.4.20 EuxTb1–xL
			2.4.4.21 [(CH3)2NH2]Eu0.036Tb0.964BPTC
			2.4.4.22 Eu0.05Tb1.95-PDC
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
3. Redshift in Tellurite Glasses Doped with Eu3+ due to Heat Treatment
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Experimental Procedure
	3.3 Results and Discussion
		3.3.1 DRX
		3.3.2 Density
		3.3.3 Optical Absorption
		3.3.4 Band Gap
		3.3.5 Photoluminescence
		3.3.6 Photometric Characterization
		3.3.7 Decay time
	3.4 Conclusion
	Notes
	References
4. Nanophosphors: Emerging Materials for Forensic Applications
	4.1 Introduction
		4.1.1 Types of Fingerprints
		4.1.2 Patterns of Fingerprints
	4.2 Luminescence
	4.3 Semiconductor Nanomaterials
		4.3.1 Luminescence in Semiconductor Nanoparticles
		4.3.2 Forensic Applications of Semiconductor Nanoparticles
			4.3.2.1 Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Nanoparticles
			4.3.2.2 Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles
			4.3.2.3 SiO2 Nanoparticles
			4.3.2.4 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticle
			4.3.2.5 Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles
			4.3.2.6 Al2O3 Nanoparticles
	4.4 Rare Earth Materials
		4.4.1 Rare Earth Luminescent Materials for Development of Latent Prints
		4.4.2 Dusting Technique
		4.4.3 Liquid Process
	4.5 Other Nanophosphors
	4.6 Limitations and Challenges in Nanophosphor Powders
	4.7 Conclusion
	References
5. Luminescence Studies of Y2Sr3B4O12 Phosphor Doped with Europium Ion
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Experiment
	5.3 Results and Discussion
	5.4 Photoluminescence Study
	5.5 Conclusion
	References
6. Photoluminescence in Semiconductor Materials
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Experimental Procedure
		6.2.1 Czochralski Method
		6.2.2 X-Ray Analysis
	6.3 Results and Discussion
	6.4 Conclusions
	References
7. Synthesis and Luminescent Applications of Rare-Earth-Doped Zinc Nanomaterials
	7.1 Introduction
		7.1.1 Luminescent Centers
		7.1.2 Phosphors
		7.1.3 Doping
		7.1.4 Host/Self-Sensitized Luminescence
			7.1.4.1 Sensitizer Sensitized Luminescence
			7.1.4.2 Activator Luminescence
	7.2 General Characteristics of Luminescence
		7.2.1 Luminescence and Stokes Law
		7.2.2 Method for Processing and Degradation of Exciting Systems
		7.2.3 Design of Configurational Coordinate
	7.3 Luminescence Mechanism
		7.3.1 Transferring Energy Throughout Its Down-Conversion Method
		7.3.2 Shift of Energies to Up-Conversion
			7.3.2.1 Grond-State Absorption
			7.3.2.2 Excited-State Absorption
			7.3.2.3 Up-Conversion of Energy Flow
			7.3.2.4 Cross-Rest Technique
			7.3.2.5 Co-Operative Power Transfer
	7.4 Types of Luminescence
		7.4.1 Photoluminescence
			7.4.1.1 Intrinsic Luminescence
			7.4.1.2 Extraneous Iridescence
		7.4.2 Fluorescence
		7.4.3 Phosphorescence
		7.4.4 Cathodoluminescence
		7.4.5 Chemiluminescence
		7.4.6 Electroluminescence
		7.4.7 Ionoluminescence
		7.4.8 Lyoluminescence
		7.4.9 Radioluminescence
		7.4.10 Sonoluminescence
		7.4.11 Bioluminescence
		7.4.12 Triboluminescence
		7.4.13 Thermoluminescence
		7.4.14 Radioluminescence
	7.5 Synthesis of Luminescence Materials
		7.5.1 Method for the Diffusion of Solid States
		7.5.2 Solvothermal Synthesis
		7.5.3 Molten Salt Synthesis of Compounds
		7.5.4 Wet Chemical Method
		7.5.5 Combustion Synthesis
		7.5.6 Simple Chemical Synthesis
		7.5.7 Precipitation and Co-precipitation
		7.5.8 Sol–Gel Method
	7.6 Applications
		7.6.1 Home Lighting
		7.6.2 LED
		7.6.3 Television Display
		7.6.4 Photovoltaic Cells
		7.6.5 Luminescent Sensors
		7.6.6 Others
	7.7 Conclusion
	References
8. Thermoluminescence Glow Curve Analysis of Mn4+-Doped Barium Yttrium Oxide Phosphor
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Experimental
	8.3 Results and Discussion
	8.4 Conclusion
	References
9. Theory of Luminescence and Materials
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Theory of Luminescence
	9.3 Features of Luminescence
		9.3.1 Luminescence Based on Excited State Within the Molecules
		9.3.2 Luminescence Based on Configurational Coordinates
		9.3.3 Luminescence Based on Energy Band Formation in Solids
	9.4 Different Types of Luminescence
		9.4.1 Photoluminescence
		9.4.2 Bioluminescence
		9.4.3 Sonoluminescence
		9.4.4 Electroluminescence
		9.4.5 Chemiluminescence
		9.4.6 Triboluminescence
		9.4.7 Cathode Luminescence
		9.4.8 Radioluminescence
		9.4.9 Fluorescence
		9.4.10 Phosphorescence
		9.4.11 Thermoluminescence
	9.5 Luminescence Materials
		9.5.1 Rare Earth Ions
		9.5.2 Transition Metal Ions
		9.5.3 Semiconductors
	9.6 Conclusion
	References
10. Luminescence: Phenomena, Applications and Materials
	10.1 Introduction
		10.1.1 Classification of Luminescence
		10.1.2 Materials
		10.1.3 Phosphors
		10.1.4 Properties of Phosphors
		10.1.5 Applications
	References
11. Thermoluminescence and Spectral Studies of Some Geological Crystals
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Experimental
	11.3 Result
	11.4 Discussion
		11.4.1 Rock Salt
		11.4.2 Quartz
		11.4.3 Carborundum
		11.4.4 Sphalerite
		11.4.5 Fluorite
		11.4.6 Calcite
	11.5 Conclusion
	References
Index