Lubricants and Waxes. From Basics to Applications

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
About the Author
Acknowledgments
1 Preliminaries
	1.1 Defining Lubricant and Wax
	1.2 Chemistry
	1.3 Technologies
2 Lube Oil Base Stock (LOBS)
	2.1 Physico-Chemical Properties of LOBS and Significance
	2.2 Classifications and Chemical Composition of LOBS
	2.3 Standards / Market Specifications of LOBS
	2.4 Manufacturing Technologies for LOBS
		2.4.1 Processes Followed for Group-I LOBS Production
			2.4.1.1 Propane De-Asphalting Unit (PDAU)
			2.4.1.2 Aromatic Extraction of Vacuum Distillates (AEU)
			2.4.1.3 Solvent Dewaxing of Raffinate Obtained From Aromatic Extraction
			2.4.1.4 Hydro-Finishing of Dewaxed Oil (DWO)
		2.4.2 Processes for Group-II and Group-III LOBS Production
			2.4.2.1 Catalytic Iso-Dewaxing of Vacuum Distillate / Raffinate of FEU Or NMPEU
			2.4.2.2 Hydrocracking and Solvent Dewaxing
			2.4.2.3 Group-IV and V LOBS Production
	2.5 Application of LOBS
3 Lubricant
	3.1 Lube Oil
		3.1.1 Lube Oil Properties and Significance
		3.1.2 Lube Oil Classifications, Compositions and Applications
			3.1.2.1 Classifications
			3.1.2.2 Compositions and Applications
		3.1.3 Lube Oil Marketing Specifications
		3.1.4 Processes Followed in Lube Oil Production / Blending
		3.1.5 Branding and Marketing of Lube Oils
	3.2 Grease
		3.2.1 Properties and Specifications of Greases
		3.2.2 Classification, Composition and Applications of Greases
			3.2.2.1 Classification
			3.2.2.2 Composition and Applications
4 Wax
	4.1 Properties and Significance
	4.2 Classification of Wax
	4.3 Marketing Specifications of Wax
	4.4 Application of Wax
	4.5 Manufacturing Technologies for Wax
		4.5.1 Solvent Deoiling of Vacuum Distillate
		4.5.2 Solvent Deoiling of Aromatic Extracted Distillate (Raffinate)
		4.5.3 Solvent Deoiling of Oily Wax From Tank Bottom
		4.5.4 Solvent Deoiling of Hydrocracker Bottom
		4.5.5 Hydro Finishing of Deoiled Wax
	4.6 Wax Derivatives and Application
5 Energy Optimization in Dewaxing and Deoiling Process
6 Tribology
7 Environment Impact and Mitigation in the Use of Lubricants
	7.1 Bio Lubricant
		7.1.1 Perspective
		7.1.2 Classification / Composition / Properties and Application / Commercialization
		7.1.3 Processes for Production
	7.2 Development in Automobile Industry to Reduce Lube Oil Consumption
	7.3 Recovery of Lube Oil From Spent Lube Oil
	7.4 Ionic Liquid as Sustainable Lubricant
8 World Lubricant Market and Major Operating Base Oil Refineries
References
Index