Low-temperature Behaviour of Elastomers (New Concepts in Polymer Science)

Contents\r......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
1.1.1 Structural and other physical methods......Page 20
1.1.2 Mechanical methods......Page 24
1.1.3 Comparison of the data obtained by different methods......Page 26
1.2.1 Kinetic views of glass transition......Page 27
1.2.2 Thermodynamic views of glass transition......Page 34
1.2.3 Morphological views of glass transition......Page 35
1.3.1 Effect of molecular mass......Page 37
1.3.2 Effect of the structure of macromolecules......Page 39
1.3.3 Effect of intermolecular interaction......Page 41
1.3.4 Glass transition of copolymers......Page 42
1.3.5 Effect of the composition of rubbers......Page 43
1.4 Effect of a mechanical action on glass-transition temperature......Page 50
2.1.1 Static mechanical properties......Page 52
2.1.2 Dynamic mechanical properties......Page 57
2.1.3 Prediction of the mechanical properties of elastomers in the transition region from the glassy to the rubberlike state......Page 61
2.2 Mechanical properties at temperatures below glass-transition temperature......Page 64
3 Crystallization of elastomers at low temperatures......Page 68
3.1.1 Structural and other physical methods......Page 69
3.2 Modern views of crystallization......Page 72
3.2.1 Morphology of crystals in elastomers......Page 73
3.2.2 Kinetics of isothermal crystallization......Page 74
3.2.3 Temperature range of crystallization......Page 77
3.2.4 Kinetics of nonisothermal crystallization......Page 82
3.2.5 Melting......Page 83
3.3 Effect of mechanical action and other factors on crystallization......Page 88
3.4 Effect of the molecular parameters of rubbers and the composition of rubber compounds on crystallization......Page 91
3.5 Microcrystallization......Page 100
3.6 Prediction of the crystallization rate......Page 103
4.1 Kinetics of stress-induced crystallization......Page 106
4.2 Morphology in stress-induced crystallization......Page 109
4.3 Melting of oriented elastomers......Page 113
4.4.1 Effect of chain chemical structure, molecular mass and microstructure......Page 117
4.4.2 Effect of vulcanization and filling......Page 119
5.1 Strength of amorphous elastomers at low temperatures......Page 124
5.2.1 Strength determined by stress-induced crystallization......Page 127
5.2.2 Effect of precrystallization on the strength at low temperatures......Page 131
6.1.1 Effect of crystallization on glass transition......Page 134
6.2 The ratio of the contributions by crystallization and glass transition to the low-temperature resistance of elastomers......Page 137
6.3.1 Ways to improve the low-temperature resistance of rubber articles......Page 138
6.3.2 Assessment of low-temperature resistance of rubber articles from the low-temperature behaviour data for elastomers......Page 140
6.4.2 Effect of temperature cycling on the performance of rubber articles......Page 142
7.1 Styrene-butadiene rubbers......Page 146
7.2 Butadiene acrylonitrile rubbers......Page 148
7.3 Isoprene rubbers......Page 149
7.4 Butadiene rubbers......Page 151
7.5 Chloroprene rubbers......Page 153
7.6 Butyl rubber......Page 155
7.7 Silicon rubbers......Page 156
7.8 Urethane rubbers......Page 158
7.9 Thiocol rubbers......Page 159
7.11 Acrylate rubbers......Page 160
7.12 Ethylene-propylene rubbers......Page 161
7.13 Epoxide rubbers......Page 162
7.14 Polypentenomers......Page 163
7.15 Alternating rubbers......Page 164
References......Page 166
Subject index......Page 192