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دانلود کتاب Low speed aerodynamics
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مشخصات کتاب
Low speed aerodynamics
ویرایش: [2 ed.] نویسندگان: Joseph Katz, Allen Plotkin سری: Cambridge aerospace series, 13 ISBN (شابک) : 0521662192, 9780521665520 ناشر: Cambridge University Press سال نشر: 2001 تعداد صفحات: 629 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 10 Mb
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توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی
Low-speed aerodynamics is important in the design and operation
of aircraft flying at low Mach number, and ground and marine
vehicles. This text offers a modern treatment of both the
theory of inviscid, incompressible, and irrotational
aerodynamics, and the computational techniques now available to
solve complex problems. A unique feature is that the
computational approach--from a single vortex element to a
three-dimensional panel formulation--is interwoven throughout.
This second edition features a new chapter on the laminar
boundary layer (emphasis on the viscous-inviscid coupling), the
latest versions of computational techniques, and additional
coverage of interaction problems. The authors include a
systematic treatment of two-dimensional panel methods and a
detailed presentation of computational techniques for
three-dimensional and unsteady flows
1.1 Description of Fluid Motion 1 -- 1.2 Choice of Coordinate
System 2 -- 1.3 Pathlines, Streak Lines, and Streamlines 3 --
1.4 Forces in a Fluid 4 -- 1.5 Integral Form of the Fluid
Dynamic Equations 6 -- 1.6 Differential Form of the Fluid
Dynamic Equations 8 -- 1.7 Dimensional Analysis of the Fluid
Dynamic Equations 14 -- 1.8 Flow with High Reynolds Number 17
-- 1.9 Similarity of Flows 19 -- 2 Fundamentals of Inviscid,
Incompressible Flow 21 -- 2.1 Angular Velocity, Vorticity, and
Circulation 21 -- 2.2 Rate of Change of Vorticity 24 -- 2.3
Rate of Change of Circulation: Kelvin's Theorem 25 -- 2.4
Irrotational Flow and the Velocity Potential 26 -- 2.5 Boundary
and Infinity Conditions 27 -- 2.6 Bernoulli's Equation for the
Pressure 28 -- 2.7 Simply and Multiply Connected Regions 29 --
2.8 Uniqueness of the Solution 30 -- 2.9 Vortex Quantities 32
-- 2.10 Two-Dimensional Vortex 34 -- 2.11 The Biot-Savart Law
36 -- 2.12 The Velocity Induced by a Straight Vortex Segment 38
-- 2.13 The Stream Function 41 -- 3 General Solution of the
Incompressible, Potential Flow Equations 44 -- 3.1 Statement of
the Potential Flow Problem 44 -- 3.2 The General Solution,
Based on Green's Identity 44 -- 3.3 Summary: Methodology of
Solution 48 -- 3.4 Basic Solution: Point Source 49 -- 3.5 Basic
Solution: Point Doublet 51 -- 3.6 Basic Solution: Polynomials
54 -- 3.7 Two-Dimensional Version of the Basic Solutions 56 --
3.8 Basic Solution: Vortex 58 -- 3.9 Principle of Superposition
60 -- 3.10 Superposition of Sources and Free Stream: Rankine's
Oval 60 -- 3.11 Superposition of Doublet and Free Stream: Flow
around a Cylinder 62 -- 3.12 Superposition of a
Three-Dimensional Doublet and Free Stream: Flow around a Sphere
67 -- 3.13 Some Remarks about the Flow over the Cylinder and
the Sphere 69 -- 3.14 Surface Distribution of the Basic
Solutions 70 -- 4 Small-Disturbance Flow over Three-Dimensional
Wings: Formulation of the Problem 75 -- 4.1 Definition of the
Problem 75 -- 4.2 The Boundary Condition on the Wing 76 -- 4.3
Separation of the Thickness and the Lifting Problems 78 -- 4.4
Symmetric Wing with Nonzero Thickness at Zero Angle of Attack
79 -- 4.5 Zero-Thickness Cambered Wing at Angle of
Attack-Lifting Surfaces 82 -- 4.6 The Aerodynamic Loads 85 --
4.7 The Vortex Wake 88 -- 4.8 Linearized Theory of
Small-Disturbance Compressible Flow 90 -- 5 Small-Disturbance
Flow over Two-Dimensional Airfoils 94 -- 5.1 Symmetric Airfoil
with Nonzero Thickness at Zero Angle of Attack 94 -- 5.2
Zero-Thickness Airfoil at Angle of Attack 100 -- 5.3 Classical
Solution of the Lifting Problem 104 -- 5.4 Aerodynamic Forces
and Moments on a Thin Airfoil 106 -- 5.5 The Lumped-Vortex
Element 114 -- 5.6 Summary and Conclusions from Thin Airfoil
Theory 120 -- 6 Exact Solutions with Complex Variables 122 --
6.1 Summary of Complex Variable Theory 122 -- 6.2 The Complex
Potential 125 -- 6.3 Simple Examples 126 -- 6.3.1 Uniform
Stream and Singular Solutions 126 -- 6.3.2 Flow in a Corner 127
-- 6.4 Blasius Formula, Kutta-Joukowski Theorem 128 -- 6.5
Conformal Mapping and the Joukowski Transformation 128 -- 6.5.1
Flat Plate Airfoil 130 -- 6.5.2 Leading-Edge Suction 131 --
6.5.3 Flow Normal to a Flat Plate 133 -- 6.5.4 Circular Arc
Airfoil 134 -- 6.5.5 Symmetric Joukowski Airfoil 135 -- 6.6
Airfoil with Finite Trailing-Edge Angle 137 -- 6.7 Summary of
Pressure Distributions for Exact Airfoil Solutions 138 -- 6.8
Method of Images 141 -- 6.9 Generalized Kutta-Joukowski Theorem
146 -- 7 Perturbation Methods 151 -- 7.1 Thin-Airfoil Problem
151 -- 7.2 Second-Order Solution 154 -- 7.3 Leading-Edge
Solution 157 -- 7.4 Matched Asymptotic Expansions 160 -- 7.5
Thin Airfoil between Wind Tunnel Walls 163 -- 8
Three-Dimensional Small-Disturbance Solutions 167 -- 8.1 Finite
Wing: The Lifting Line Model 167 -- 8.1.1 Definition of the
Problem 167 -- 8.1.2 The Lifting-Line Model 168 -- 8.1.3 The
Aerodynamic Loads 172 -- 8.1.4 The Elliptic Lift Distribution
173 -- 8.1.5 General Spanwise Circulation Distribution 178 --
8.1.6 Twisted Elliptic Wing 181 -- 8.1.7 Conclusions from
Lifting-Line Theory 183 -- 8.2 Slender Wing Theory 184 -- 8.2.1
Definition of the Problem 184 -- 8.2.2 Solution of the Flow
over Slender Pointed Wings 186 -- 8.2.3 The Method of R. T.
Jones 192 -- 8.2.4 Conclusions from Slender Wing Theory 194 --
8.3 Slender Body Theory 195 -- 8.3.1 Axisymmetric Longitudinal
Flow Past a Slender Body of Revolution 196 -- 8.3.2 Transverse
Flow Past a Slender Body of Revolution 198 -- 8.3.3 Pressure
and Force Information 199 -- 8.3.4 Conclusions from Slender
Body Theory 201 -- 8.4 Far Field Calculation of Induced Drag
201 -- 9 Numerical (Panel) Methods 206 -- 9.1 Basic Formulation
206 -- 9.2 The Boundary Conditions 207 -- 9.3 Physical
Considerations 209 -- 9.4 Reduction of the Problem to a Set of
Linear Algebraic Equations 213 -- 9.5 Aerodynamic Loads 216 --
9.6 Preliminary Considerations, Prior to Establishing Numerical
Solutions 217 -- 9.7 Steps toward Constructing a Numerical
Solution 220 -- 9.8 Example: Solution of Thin Airfoil with the
Lumped-Vortex Element 222 -- 9.9 Accounting for Effects of
Compressibility and Viscosity 226 -- 10 Singularity Elements
and Influence Coefficients 230 -- 10.1 Two-Dimensional Point
Singularity Elements 230 -- 10.1.1 Two-Dimensional Point Source
230 -- 10.1.2 Two-Dimensional Point Doublet 231 -- 10.1.3
Two-Dimensional Point Vortex 231 -- 10.2 Two-Dimensional
Constant-Strength Singularity Elements 232 -- 10.2.1
Constant-Strength Source Distribution 233 -- 10.2.2
Constant-Strength Doublet Distribution 235 -- 10.2.3
Constant-Strength Vortex Distribution 236 -- 10.3
Two-Dimensional Linear-Strength Singularity Elements 237 --
10.3.1 Linear Source Distribution 238 -- 10.3.2 Linear Doublet
Distribution 239 -- 10.3.3 Linear Vortex Distribution 241 --
10.3.4 Quadratic Doublet Distribution 242 -- 10.4
Three-Dimensional Constant-Strength Singularity Elements 244 --
10.4.1 Quadrilateral Source 245 -- 10.4.2 Quadrilateral Doublet
247 -- 10.4.3 Constant Doublet Panel Equivalence to Vortex Ring
250 -- 10.4.4 Comparison of Near and Far Field Formulas 251 --
10.4.5 Constant-Strength Vortex Line Segment 251 -- 10.4.6
Vortex Ring 255 -- 10.4.7 Horseshoe Vortex 256 -- 10.5
Three-Dimensional Higher Order Elements 258 -- 11
Two-Dimensional Numerical Solutions 262 -- 11.1 Point
Singularity Solutions 262 -- 11.1.1 Discrete Vortex Method 263
-- 11.1.2 Discrete Source Method 272 -- 11.2 Constant-Strength
Singularity Solutions (Using the Neumann B.C.) 276 -- 11.2.1
Constant Strength Source Method 276 -- 11.2.2 Constant-Strength
Doublet Method 280 -- 11.2.3 Constant-Strength Vortex Method
284 -- 11.3 Constant-Potential (Dirichlet Boundary Condition)
Methods 288 -- 11.3.1 Combined Source and Doublet Method 290 --
11.3.2 Constant-Strength Doublet Method 294 -- 11.4 Linearly
Varying Singularity Strength Methods (Using the Neumann B.C.)
298 -- 11.4.1 Linear-Strength Source Method 299 -- 11.4.2
Linear-Strength Vortex Method 303 -- 11.5 Linearly Varying
Singularity Strength Methods (Using the Dirichlet B.C.) 306 --
11.5.1 Linear Source/Doublet Method 306 -- 11.5.2 Linear
Doublet Method 312 -- 11.6 Methods Based on Quadratic Doublet
Distribution (Using the Dirichlet B.C.) 315 -- 11.6.1 Linear
Source/Quadratic Doublet Method 315 -- 11.6.2 Quadratic Doublet
Method 320 -- 11.7 Some Conclusions about Panel Methods 323 --
12 Three-Dimensional Numerical Solutions 331 -- 12.1
Lifting-Line Solution by Horseshoe Elements 331 -- 12.2
Modeling of Symmetry and Reflections from Solid Boundaries 338
-- 12.3 Lifting-Surface Solution by Vortex Ring Elements 340 --
12.4 Introduction to Panel Codes: A Brief History 351 -- 12.5
First-Order Potential-Based Panel Methods 353 -- 12.6 Higher
Order Panel Methods 358 -- 12.7 Sample Solutions with Panel
Codes 360 -- 13 Unsteady Incompressible Potential Flow 369 --
13.1 Formulation of the Problem and Choice of Coordinates 369
-- 13.2 Method of Solution 373 -- 13.3 Additional Physical
Considerations 375 -- 13.4 Computation of Pressures 376 -- 13.5
Examples for the Unsteady Boundary Condition 377 -- 13.6
Summary of Solution Methodology 380 -- 13.7 Sudden Acceleration
of a Flat Plate 381 -- 13.7.1 The Added Mass 385 -- 13.8
Unsteady Motion of a Two-Dimensional Thin Airfoil 387 -- 13.8.1
Kinematics 388 -- 13.8.2 Wake Model 389 -- 13.8.3 Solution by
the Time-Stepping Method 391 -- 13.8.4 Fluid Dynamic Loads 394
-- 13.9 Unsteady Motion of a Slender Wing 400 -- 13.9.1
Kinematics 401 -- 13.9.2 Solution of the Flow over the Unsteady
Slender Wing 401 -- 13.10 Algorithm for Unsteady Airfoil Using
the Lumped-Vortex Element 407 -- 13.11 Some Remarks about the
Unsteady Kutta Condition 416 -- 13.12 Unsteady Lifting-Surface
Solution by Vortex Ring Elements 419 -- 13.13 Unsteady Panel
Methods 433 -- 14 The Laminar Boundary Layer 448 -- 14.1 The
Concept of the Boundary Layer 448 -- 14.2 Boundary Layer on a
Curved Surface 452 -- 14.3 Similar Solutions to the Boundary
Layer Equations 457 -- 14.4 The von Karman Integral Momentum
Equation 463 -- 14.5 Solutions Using the von Karman Integral
Equation 467 -- 14.5.1 Approximate Polynomial Solution 468 --
14.5.2 The Correlation Method of Thwaites 469 -- 14.6 Weak
Interactions, the Goldstein Singularity, and Wakes 471 -- 14.7
Two-Equation Integral Boundary Layer Method 473 -- 14.8
Viscous-Inviscid Interaction Method 475
